阅读说明：本技术 化合物及其在制备治疗疟疾药物中的用途 (Compound and application thereof in preparation of medicines for treating malaria ) 是由 饶燏 杨毅庆 于 2020-03-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了化合物,其为式(I)所示的化合物或式(I)所示化合物的立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药。本发明的化合物能够作用于多个靶点,例如PfNDH2酶和Pfbc<Sub>1</Sub>酶,从而有效地抑制疟原虫的生长代谢。并且,该化合物具有良好的吸收性、较高的生物活性和利用度,低毒,尤其是在体内具有较强的稳定性,不易分解,药效时间长,从而起到治疗疟疾的效果,应用前景好。<Image he="373" wi="700" file="DDA0002424501000000011.GIF" imgContent="drawing" imgFormat="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"></Image>(The invention provides a compound which is a compound shown in a formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug of the compound shown in the formula (I). The compounds of the invention are capable of acting on multiple targets, e.g. the PfdDH 2 enzyme and Pfbc 1 Enzyme, thereby effectively inhibiting plasmodiumGrowth metabolism of (2). In addition, the compound has good absorbability, higher bioactivity and utilization degree, low toxicity, strong stability in vivo especially, difficult decomposition and long drug effect time, thereby having the effect of treating malaria and good application prospect.)

1. A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug of a compound of formula (I):

R₁、R₂and R₃Each independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, halogenated C_1～6Alkyl, halo C_1～6Alkoxy radical, C_1～6Alkoxy radicalRadical, hydroxy, amino, or C_1～6An alkyl group;

r is selected fromOr N, R₄And R₅Looping;

R₄and R₅Each independently selected from hydrogen and C_1～8Alkyl, halo C_1～6Alkyl radical, C_1～6Cycloalkyl radical, C_1～6Heterocyclic group, C_1～6Alkylamino radical, C_1～6Alkylsulfonyl or C_1～6An alkyl hydroxy group;

x is selected from N atom, C atom or oxygen atom;

n is an integer of 1-6;

wherein said hydroxy, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, alkylamino, alkylsulfonyl, alkylhydroxy, haloalkoxy or alkoxy may optionally be substituted with one or more of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxy, amino, C_1～6Alkyl or halo C_1～6Alkyl groups are substituted.

2. The compound of claim 1,is selected from

Wherein A is₁、A₂、A₃、A₄、A₅、A₆、A₇、A₈、A₉、A₁₀、A₁₁、A₁₂Each independently being a C atom, an O atom or a N atom, and optionally being substituted by one or more hydrogen, C_1～6Alkyl groups are substituted.

3. The compound of claim 1,is selected from

R₆Selected from hydrogen or C_1～4An alkyl group.

4. The compound of claim 1, having a structure shown as one of or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug thereof;

5. a pharmaceutical composition, comprising:

a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4; and

pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, carriers, excipients, vehicles or combinations thereof.

6. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of malaria.

7. The use according to claim 6, wherein said compound is used for the inhibition of PfdDH 2 enzyme and Pfbc₁The activity of the enzyme.

8. A pharmaceutical combination, comprising:

a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4; and

at least one drug for the treatment of malaria.

9. The pharmaceutical combination of claim 8, wherein the drug is selected from at least one of the following: dihydroartemisinin, artemether, artesunate, chloroquine, atovaquone, lumefantrine and pyrimethamine.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of medicine. In particular, the invention relates to compounds and their use in the manufacture of medicaments for the treatment of malaria.

Background

Malaria is a global acute infectious disease, primarily caused by plasmodium, transmitted through the malaria mosquito and is the largest parasitic disease to humans. The plasmodium vivax is mainly plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium falciparum, and the plasmodium vivax, the plasmodium malariae, the plasmodium ovale and the plasmodium falciparum are respectively caused, the first three are also called as benign malaria, the infection of the plasmodium falciparum is the most extensive, the symptom is heavier, and the harm to the human body health is the greatest. Worldwide, as many as 2 hundred million malaria patients annually die.

Although current antimalarial drugs including artemisinin greatly alleviate the global health problems caused by malaria, resistant insect strains to all antimalarial drugs are currently emerging in different areas of the world, particularly recently in the southeast Asia Meigong river basin, drug-resistant insect strains to the first line drug of antimalarial artemisinin are reported, and the population in other areas is currently at risk of malaria infection not only in Africa, southeast Asia, etc. where malaria is prevalent. In response to the widespread occurrence of drug resistance, the development of new antimalarial drugs continues. Although enzymes such as PfNDH2, PfDHODH, Pfbc1 and the like on the mitochondrial oxidation respiratory chain of plasmodium are considered as antimalarial targets, most of the current inhibitors for the enzymes are single inhibitors for inhibiting one enzyme, and thus drug resistance is easy to generate.

Thus, currently, drugs suitable for the treatment of malaria remain to be studied.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims to solve at least to some extent one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

To this end, in one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a compound. According to an embodiment of the invention, the compound is a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug of a compound of formula (I):

R₁、R₂and R₃Each independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, halogenated C_1～6Alkyl, halo C_1～6Alkoxy radicalBase, C_1～6Alkoxy, hydroxy, amino or C_1～6An alkyl group;

r is selected fromOr N, R₄And R₅Looping;

R₄and R₅Each independently selected from hydrogen and C_1～8Alkyl, halo C_1～6Alkyl radical, C_1～6Cycloalkyl radical, C_1～6Heterocyclic group, C_1～6Alkylamino radical, C_1～6Alkylsulfonyl or C_1～6An alkyl hydroxy group;

x is selected from N atom, C atom or oxygen atom;

n is an integer of 1-6;

wherein said hydroxy, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, alkylamino, alkylsulfonyl, alkylhydroxy, haloalkoxy or alkoxy may optionally be substituted with one or more of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxy, amino, C_1～6Alkyl or halo C_1～6Alkyl groups are substituted.

The compounds according to embodiments of the invention are capable of acting on multiple targets, e.g., the PfdDH 2 enzyme and Pfbc₁An enzyme, thereby effectively inhibiting the growth metabolism of plasmodium. In addition, the compound has good absorbability, higher bioactivity and utilization degree, high solubility, low toxicity, strong stability in vivo especially, difficult decomposition and long drug effect time, thereby having the effect of treating malaria and good application prospect.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned compounds may also have the following additional technical features:

in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,is selected from

Wherein A is₁、A₂、A₃、A₄、A₅、A₆、A₇、A₈、A₉、A₁₀、A₁₁、A₁₂Each independently being a C atom, an O atom or a N atom, and optionally being substituted by one or more hydrogen, C_1～6Alkyl groups are substituted.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,is selected from

R₆Selected from hydrogen or C_1～4An alkyl group.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a structure represented by one of the following or a stereoisomer, tautomer, nitrogen oxide, hydrate, solvate, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof;

in the present inventionIn another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition. According to an embodiment of the invention, the pharmaceutical composition comprises: the compounds described hereinbefore; and pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, carriers, excipients, solvents or their combination. Thus, the pharmaceutical compositions according to embodiments of the invention are capable of acting on multiple targets, such as the PfNDH2 enzyme and Pfbc₁An enzyme, thereby effectively inhibiting the growth metabolism of plasmodium. In addition, the compound has good absorbability, higher bioactivity and utilization degree, high solubility, low toxicity, strong stability in vivo especially, difficult decomposition and long drug effect time, thereby having the effect of treating malaria and good application prospect.

In a further aspect of the invention, the invention provides the use of a compound as hereinbefore described in the manufacture of a medicament. According to an embodiment of the invention, the medicament is for the treatment of malaria. As described above, the compounds according to the embodiments of the present invention can effectively inhibit the growth metabolism of plasmodium. In addition, the compound has good absorbability, higher bioactivity and utilization degree, high solubility, low toxicity, strong stability in vivo especially, difficult decomposition and long drug effect time, thereby having the effect of treating malaria and good application prospect.

According to embodiments of the invention, the compounds are useful for inhibiting the PfNDH2 enzyme and Pfbc₁The activity of the enzyme.

In yet another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a pharmaceutical combination. According to an embodiment of the invention, the pharmaceutical combination comprises: the compounds described hereinbefore; and at least one drug for the treatment of malaria. Therefore, the drug combination provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively treat malaria, has good absorbability, higher bioactivity and utilization degree, high solubility and low toxicity, especially has strong stability in vivo, is not easy to decompose, has long drug effect time, thus has an effect of treating malaria, and has a good application prospect.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the drug is selected from at least one of the following: dihydroartemisinin, artemether, artesunate, chloroquine, atovaquone, lumefantrine and pyrimethamine.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated by the accompanying structural and chemical formulas. The invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials described herein. In the event that one or more of the incorporated documents, patents, and similar materials differ or contradict this application (including but not limited to defined terminology, application of terminology, described techniques, and the like), this application controls.

It will be further appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All patents and publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Definitions or general terms

The term "comprising" is open-ended, i.e. includes the elements indicated in the present invention, but does not exclude other elements.

"stereoisomers" refers to compounds having the same chemical structure but differing in the arrangement of atoms or groups in space. Stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, conformers (rotamers), geometric isomers (cis/trans), atropisomers, and the like.

"chiral" is a molecule having the property of not overlapping its mirror image; and "achiral" refers to a molecule that can overlap with its mirror image.

"enantiomer" refers to two isomers of a compound that are not overlapping but are in mirror image relationship to each other.

Diastereoisomers have different physical properties, such as melting point, boiling point, spectroscopic properties and reactivity.

The stereochemical definitions and rules used in the present invention generally follow the general definitions of S.P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hilldictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; andEliel, E.and Wilen, S., "Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,1994.

In describing optically active compounds, the prefixes D and L or R and S are used to indicate the absolute configuration of a molecule with respect to one or more of its chiral centers, the prefixes D and l or (+) and (-) are symbols used to designate the rotation of plane polarized light by the compound, where (-) or l indicates that the compound is levorotatory, and the compound prefixed (+) or D is dextrorotatory.

Any asymmetric atom (e.g., carbon, etc.) of a compound disclosed herein can exist in racemic or enantiomerically enriched forms, such as the (R) -, (S) -or (R, S) -configuration. In certain embodiments, each asymmetric atom has at least 50% enantiomeric excess, at least 60% enantiomeric excess, at least 70% enantiomeric excess, at least 80% enantiomeric excess, at least 90% enantiomeric excess, at least 95% enantiomeric excess, or at least 99% enantiomeric excess in the (R) -or (S) -configuration.

Depending on the choice of starting materials and methods, the compounds of the invention may exist as one of the possible isomers or as mixtures thereof, for example as racemates and mixtures of non-corresponding isomers (depending on the number of asymmetric carbon atoms). Optically active (R) -or (S) -isomers can be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques. If the compound contains a double bond, the substituents may be in the E or Z configuration; if the compound contains a disubstituted cycloalkyl group, the substituents of the cycloalkyl group may have cis or trans configuration.

Any resulting mixture of stereoisomers may be separated into pure or substantially pure geometric isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, depending on differences in the physicochemical properties of the components, for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.

The racemates of any of the resulting end products or intermediates can be resolved into the optical Enantiomers by methods known to those skilled in the art, e.g., by separation of the diastereomeric salts thereof so obtained the racemic products can also be separated by chiral chromatography, e.g., high performance liquid chromatography (HP L C) using a chiral adsorbent^ndEd.Robert E.Gawley,Jeffrey Aubé,Elsevier,Oxford,UK,2012)；Eliel,E.L.Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds(McGraw-Hill,NY,1962)；Wilen,S.H.Tablesof Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p.268(E.L.Eliel,Ed.,Univ.of NotreDame Press,Notre Dame,IN 1972)；Chiral Separation Techniques:A PracticalApproach(Subramanian,G.Ed.,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA,Weinheim,Germany,2007)。

The term "tautomer" or "tautomeric form" refers to structural isomers having different energies that can interconvert by a low energy barrier (lowenergy barrier). If tautomerism is possible (e.g., in solution), then the chemical equilibrium of the tautomer can be reached. For example, proton tautomers (also known as proton transfer tautomers) include interconversions by proton migration, such as keto-enol isomerization and imine-enamine isomerization. Valence tautomers (valenctautomers) include interconversion by recombination of some of the bonding electrons. A specific example of keto-enol tautomerism is the tautomerism of the pentan-2, 4-dione and 4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one tautomers. Another example of tautomerism is phenol-ketone tautomerism. One specific example of phenol-ketone tautomerism is the tautomerism of pyridin-4-ol and pyridin-4 (1H) -one tautomers. Unless otherwise indicated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention.

In the various parts of this specification, substituents of the disclosed compounds are disclosed in terms of group type or range. It is specifically intended that the invention includes each and every independent subcombination of the various members of these groups and ranges. For example, the term "C_1～6Alkyl "means in particular independently disclosed methyl, ethyl, C₃Alkyl radical, C₄Alkyl radical, C₅Alkyl and C₆An alkyl group.

In each of the parts of the invention, linking substituents are described. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the markush group definition for the variable recites "alkyl," it is to be understood that "alkyl" represents an attached alkylene group or arylene group, respectively.

In addition, unless otherwise expressly indicated, the descriptions "… and … are each independently," "… and … are each independently," and "… and … are each independently" used throughout this document are interchangeable and should be broadly construed to mean that particular items expressed between the same symbols in different groups do not affect each other, or that particular items expressed between the same symbols in the same groups do not affect each other.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" refers to molecular entities and compositions that are physiologically tolerable and do not typically produce an allergic or similar untoward reaction, such as gastrointestinal upset, dizziness and the like, when administered to a human. Preferably, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable" as used herein refers to those approved by a federal regulatory agency or a state government or listed in the U.S. pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.

The term "carrier" refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient, or matrix with which the compound is administered. Such pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Aqueous saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions are preferably used as carriers, particularly injectable solutions. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in e.w. martin, "Remington's pharmaceutical sciences".

The definition and convention of Stereochemistry in this invention is generally referred to in the literature of S.P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, and Eliel, E.and Wilen, S., "Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,1994.

"isomers" are different compounds having the same molecular formula. "stereoisomers" are isomers that differ only in the spatial arrangement of the atoms. The term "isomer" as used herein includes any and all geometric isomers and stereoisomers. For example, "isomers" include cis and trans isomers, E-and Z-isomers, R-and S-enantiomers, diastereomers, (d) isomers, (l) -isomers, racemic mixtures thereof, and other mixtures thereof falling within the scope of the present specification.

The "hydrate" of the present invention refers to the compound or salt thereof provided by the present invention, which further comprises water bonded by non-covalent intermolecular forces in a chemical amount or in a non-chemical equivalent amount, and may be said to be an association of solvent molecules with water.

"solvate" of the present invention refers to an association of one or more solvent molecules with a compound of the present invention. Solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, aminoethanol.

"nitroxides" according to the present invention means that when a compound contains several amine functions, 1 or more than 1 nitrogen atom can be oxidized to form an N-oxide, a specific example of an N-oxide of a tertiary amine or an N-oxide of a nitrogen containing heterocyclic nitrogen atom the corresponding amine can be treated with an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or a peracid such as a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an N-oxide (see Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley Interscience, 4 th edition, Jerry March, pages), in particular the N-oxide can be prepared by the method of L. W.Deady (Syn. Comm.1977,7,509-514) wherein the amine compound is reacted with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA), for example in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

The compounds may exist in a number of different geometric isomers and tautomers and the compounds of formula (I) -formula (III) include all such forms. For the avoidance of doubt, when a compound exists as one of several geometric isomers or tautomers and only one is specifically described or shown, it is clear that all other forms are included in formula (I) -formula (III).

The term "prodrug", as used herein, means a compound that is converted in vivo to the compound shown in the present invention. Such conversion is effected by hydrolysis of the prodrug in the blood or by enzymatic conversion to the parent structure in the blood or tissue. The prodrug compound of the invention can be ester, and in the prior invention, the ester can be used as the prodrug and comprises phenyl ester and aliphatic (C)_1-24) Esters, acyloxymethyl esters, carbonates, carbamates and amino acid esters. For example, a compound of the present invention contains a hydroxy group, i.e., it can be acylated to provide the compound in prodrug form. Other prodrug forms include phosphate esters, such as those obtained by phosphorylation of a hydroxyl group on the parent. For a complete discussion of prodrugs, reference may be made to the following: T.Higuchi and V.Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel delivery systems, Vol.14 of the A.C.S.Sympossium Series, Edward B.Roche, ed., Bioredeployers in Drug designs, American Pharmaceutical Association and PergammonPress, 1987, J.Rautio et al, Prodrugs: Design and Clinical Applications, Nature review Discovery,2008,7, 255-.

Unless otherwise indicated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are included within the scope of the invention.

"metabolite" refers to the product of a particular compound or salt thereof obtained by metabolism in vivo. Metabolites of a compound can be identified by techniques well known in the art, and its activity can be characterized by assay methods as described herein. Such products may be obtained by administering the compound by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, deamidation, esterification, defatting, enzymatic cleavage, and the like. Accordingly, the present invention includes metabolites of compounds, including metabolites produced by contacting a compound of the present invention with a mammal for a sufficient period of time.

Various pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds of the present invention are useful. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" means those salt forms that are readily apparent to the pharmaceutical chemist as being substantially non-toxic and providing the desired pharmacokinetic properties, palatability, absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion. Other factors, more practical in nature, are also important for selection, these are: cost of raw materials, ease of crystallization, yield, stability, hygroscopicity and, as a result, flowability of the drug substance. Briefly, the pharmaceutical composition can be prepared by combining the active ingredient with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to organic and inorganic salts of the compounds of the present invention. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art, as are: berge et al, descriptive acceptable salts in detail in J. pharmaceutical Sciences,66:1-19,1977. Pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid salts include, but are not limited to, inorganic acid salts formed by reaction with amino groups such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, sulfate, perchlorate, nitrate and the like, and organic acid salts such as acetate, propionate, glycolate, oxalate, maleate, malonate, succinate, fumarate, tartrate, citrate, benzoate, mandelate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, sulfosalicylate and the like, or obtained by other methods described in the literature such as ion exchange.

Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipates, malates, 2-hydroxypropionic acid, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, bisulfates, boronAcid salts, butyric acid salts, camphoric acid salts, cyclopentylpropionic acid salts, digluconate salts, dodecylsulfuric acid salts, ethanesulfonic acid salts, formic acid salts, fumaric acid salts, glucoheptonic acid salts, glycerophosphoric acid salts, gluconic acid salts, hemisulfuric acid salts, heptanoic acid salts, hexanoic acid salts, hydroiodide salts, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonic acid salts, lactobionic acid salts, lactic acid salts, lauric acid salts, lauryl sulfuric acid salts, malic acid salts, malonic acid salts, methanesulfonic acid salts, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid salts, nicotinic acid salts, nitric acid salts, oleic acid salts, palmitic acid salts, pamoic acid salts, pectic acid salts, persulfate salts, 3-phenylpropionic acid salts, picric acid salts, pivalic acid salts, propionic acid salts, stearic acid salts, thiocyanic acid salts, p-toluenesulfonic acid salts. Salts obtained with appropriate bases include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and N + (C)_1-4Alkyl radical)₄A salt.

The present invention also contemplates quaternary ammonium salts formed from compounds containing groups of N. Water-soluble or oil-soluble or dispersion products can be obtained by quaternization. The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt includes sodium salt, lithium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, iron salt, zinc salt, copper salt, manganese salt, aluminum salt and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts further include suitable, non-toxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium salts and amine cations resistant to formation of counterions, such as halides, hydroxides, carboxylates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, C_1-8Sulfonates and aromatic sulfonates. Amine salts such as, but not limited to, N '-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, ammonia, diethanolamine and other hydroxyalkylamines, ethylenediamine, N-methyl reduced glucamine, procaine, N-benzylphenethylamine, 1-p-chlorobenzyl-2-pyrrolidin-1' -ylmethyl-benzimidazole, diethylamine and other alkylamines, piperazine and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane; alkaline earth metal salts such as, but not limited to, barium, calcium and magnesium; a transition metal salt such as, but not limited to, zinc.

In this specification, a structure is dominant if there is any difference between the chemical name and the chemical structure.

Abbreviations for any protecting groups, amino acids and other compounds used in the present invention shall be based on their commonly used, accepted abbreviations unless otherwise indicated, or refer to IUPAC-IUB Commission on biochemical nomenclature (see biochem.1972, 11: 942-944).

The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound shown in formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials, carriers, excipients, menstruum or a combination thereof. When the compound of the present invention is administered in the form of a medicament to a mammal such as a human, it may be administered in the form of the compound itself or may be administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition containing, for example, 0.1 to 99.5% (more preferably 0.5 to 90%) of an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

"combination" means a fixed combination or a kit of parts for combined administration in the form of a single dosage unit, wherein the compounds disclosed herein and the combination partners (drugs for the treatment of tumor diseases, AIDS, inflammatory reactions and immunodeficiency diseases) can be administered separately at the same time or can be administered separately at certain intervals, in particular such that the combination partners show a cooperative, e.g. synergistic, effect. The term "pharmaceutical composition" as used herein means a product resulting from mixing or combining more than one active ingredient and includes both fixed and non-fixed combinations of active ingredients. The term "fixed combination" means that the active ingredients, such as the disclosed compounds and combination partners, are administered to a patient simultaneously in the form of a single entity or dosage. The term "non-fixed combination" means that the active ingredients, such as the compounds disclosed in this invention and the combination partners, are both administered to the patient as separate entities simultaneously, jointly or sequentially with no specific time limitation.

The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" is art-recognized and includes pharmaceutically acceptable materials, compositions or carriers suitable for administration of the compounds of the invention to a mammal. The carrier comprises a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent or encapsulating material which is involved in carrying the subject substance or transferring it from one organ or part of the body to another organ or part of the body. Each carrier must be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient. Some examples of materials that can be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include: sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc powder; excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline water; ringer's solution; ethanol; phosphate buffer; and other non-toxic compatible materials used in pharmaceutical formulations.

Wetting agents, emulsifiers and lubricants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releasing agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the composition.

Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable antioxidants include water-soluble antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, and the like, oil-soluble antioxidants such as ascorbyl palmitate, Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), lecithin, propyl gallate, α -tocopherol, and the like, and metal chelators such as citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sorbitol, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include those suitable for oral, nasal, topical, buccal, sublingual, rectal and/or parenteral administration. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. The amount of active ingredient that can be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form is generally that amount of the compound which produces a therapeutic effect. Generally, the amount is from about 1% to about 99% active ingredient, preferably from about 5% to about 70%, most preferably from about 10 to about 30%, in units of one percent.

The term "treatment" is used to refer to obtaining a desired pharmacological and/or physiological effect. The effect may be prophylactic in terms of complete or partial prevention of the disease or symptoms thereof, and/or may be therapeutic in terms of a partial or complete cure for the disease and/or adverse effects resulting from the disease. As used herein, "treatment" encompasses diseases in mammals, particularly humans, including: (a) preventing the occurrence of a disease or disorder in an individual who is susceptible to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed with the disease; (b) inhibiting a disease, e.g., arresting disease progression; or (c) alleviating the disease, e.g., alleviating symptoms associated with the disease. As used herein, "treatment" encompasses any administration of a drug or compound to an individual to treat, cure, alleviate, ameliorate, reduce, or inhibit a disease in the individual, including, but not limited to, administering a drug containing a compound described herein to an individual in need thereof.

The scheme of the invention will be explained with reference to the examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.