阅读说明：本技术 内在换热式生物质气化炉及生物质气化系统 (Internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace and biomass gasification system ) 是由 宛政 茹斌 郭泗勇 曾志伟 程文丰 于 2020-05-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种内在换热式生物质气化炉及生物质气化系统。该内在换热式生物质气化炉包括炉体以及输送部,炉体的炉壁内具有容纳空间,输送部设置于容纳空间内,输送部用于由炉体外部向炉体内部输送氧化剂,输送部由炉体的下部向上延伸至炉体的喉口区域,以使得输送部内的氧化剂能够被炉体内的热量加热。本发明的内在换热式生物质气化炉,利用炉体内的高温对输送部所输送的氧化剂进行加热,能够有效地提高喉口区域的温度,从而能够提高气化炉的焦油脱除效率,同时,减少了气化炉的热损失,提高了包含气化炉在内的整个气化系统的气化效率,且简化了系统复杂度,减少了系统投资成本。(The invention discloses an internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace and a biomass gasification system. This intrinsic heat transfer formula biomass gasification stove includes furnace body and conveying part, has accommodation space in the oven of furnace body, and conveying part sets up in accommodation space, and conveying part is used for carrying the oxidant by the furnace body outside to the furnace body is inside, and conveying part upwards extends to the throat region of furnace body by the lower part of furnace body to make the oxidant in the conveying part can be heated by the heat in the furnace body. The internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace provided by the invention can effectively improve the temperature of the throat area by heating the oxidant conveyed by the conveying part by using the high temperature in the furnace body, thereby improving the tar removal efficiency of the gasification furnace, reducing the heat loss of the gasification furnace, improving the gasification efficiency of the whole gasification system including the gasification furnace, simplifying the system complexity and reducing the system investment cost.)

1. An internally heat-exchanging biomass gasifier, comprising:

the furnace body is provided with an accommodating space in the furnace wall; and

the conveying part is arranged in the accommodating space and used for conveying the oxidant from the outside of the furnace body to the inside of the furnace body, and the conveying part extends upwards from the lower part of the furnace body to the throat area of the furnace body, so that the oxidant in the conveying part can be heated by the heat in the furnace body.

2. The internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the delivery part comprises at least one delivery pipe, a first end of the delivery pipe is located at a lower part of the furnace body and is communicated with the outside, and a second end of the delivery pipe extends upwards to a throat area of the furnace body and is communicated with the inside of the furnace body.

3. The internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to claim 2, wherein a first end of the delivery pipe is communicated with the outside through a feed pipe, and a second end of the delivery pipe is communicated with the inside of the furnace body through a distribution pipe arranged in a throat area of the furnace body.

4. The internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to claim 3, wherein the agent distribution pipe is arc-shaped and the agent inlet pipe is ring-shaped, as viewed from the top of the furnace body downward.

5. The internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the number of the delivery pipes is plural, a first end of each of the plurality of delivery pipes is communicated with the agent inlet pipe, and a second end of each of the plurality of delivery pipes is communicated with the agent distribution pipe.

6. The internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to claim 3, wherein the delivery pipe extends spirally upward along a circumferential direction of the furnace body, or the delivery pipe extends linearly upward along an axial direction of the furnace body.

7. The internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to claim 6, wherein when the delivery pipe extends straight upward in the axial direction of the furnace body, and when the delivery pipe is plural in number, the second ends of the plurality of delivery pipes communicate with the agent distribution pipe through an agent collection pipe.

8. The internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to claim 2, wherein the delivery pipe comprises a first section and a second section which are connected in sequence, the first section is close to the lower part of the furnace body, the second section is close to the throat area of the furnace body, and the pipe diameter of the second section is larger than that of the first section.

9. The internally recuperative biomass gasifier as recited in claim 2 or 8 wherein the second end of said transport pipe is tapered.

10. A biomass gasification system comprising an internally heat-exchanging biomass gasifier as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy utilization, in particular to an internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace and a biomass gasification system.

Background

With the increasing exhaustion of fossil energy and the increasing prominence of haze problems, biomass energy is endowed with brand new significance as renewable energy. The biomass energy is used as clean energy, zero emission can be realized on the total amount of carbon dioxide by utilizing the biomass energy, and the generation of greenhouse gases can be fundamentally controlled. At present, the utilization of biomass energy is mainly directed to gasification and combustion, wherein the gasification takes biomass as a raw material, gases such as air, oxygen, water vapor and the like as gasifying agents, and the biomass gasification can effectively avoid the discharge problems of dust pollution and the like caused by biomass combustion through the process of generating combustible gas through incomplete combustion of thermochemical reaction under the high-temperature condition. However, the development of the existing biomass gasification technology is always restricted by the problems of high tar content in fuel gas, difficulty in treating purified wastewater and the like, and the development of a stable and efficient low-tar gasification technology becomes a well-known problem in the biomass gasification industry.

At present, the method generally adopted is to introduce an oxidant into the gasification furnace and increase the temperature of a throat area, thereby improving the tar removal efficiency in the furnace and realizing the output of low-tar fuel gas. Specifically, there are two ways:

firstly, a cold oxidant is directly introduced into a gasification furnace, the introduced cold oxidant is burnt at a throat, but a large part of heat released by the burning of the oxidant is used for heating the oxidant, so that the temperature of a throat area cannot be raised too high, and the tar removal efficiency of the throat area can be seriously influenced;

secondly, a heater or a plurality of heat exchangers are added outside the gasification furnace, and the waste heat of the gasified gas or the flue gas is utilized to heat the oxidant to a certain temperature. If a heater is added, an extra heat source is needed to heat the oxidant, so that the operation cost and the investment cost are increased; if the gasification gas or the flue gas is adopted to heat the oxidant, the operation efficiency of the whole system can be improved to a certain extent, but the added heat exchanger and the corresponding pipeline are made of heat-resistant stainless steel, so that the investment cost can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, in the heat exchange process of the gasification gas or the flue gas, the risk of blockage of the heat exchanger is generated, and the complexity of the system is greatly increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides an internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace and a biomass gasification system, which aim to solve the problem of low tar removal efficiency of the existing biomass gasification furnace.

On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body and a conveying part, wherein an accommodating space is formed in the furnace wall of the furnace body, the conveying part is arranged in the accommodating space and used for conveying an oxidant from the outside of the furnace body to the inside of the furnace body, and the conveying part extends upwards from the lower part of the furnace body to a throat area of the furnace body so that the oxidant in the conveying part can be heated by heat in the furnace body.

According to one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the conveying part comprises at least one conveying pipe, the first end of the conveying pipe is positioned at the lower part of the furnace body and is communicated with the outside, and the second end of the conveying pipe extends upwards to the throat area of the furnace body and is communicated with the inside of the furnace body.

According to one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the first end of the conveying pipe is communicated with the outside through the agent inlet pipe, and the second end of the conveying pipe is communicated with the inside of the furnace body through the agent distributing pipe arranged in the throat area of the furnace body.

According to one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the agent distributing pipe is arc-shaped and the agent feeding pipe is ring-shaped when viewed from the top of the furnace body downwards.

According to one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the number of the conveying pipes is multiple, the first ends of the plurality of conveying pipes are communicated with the agent inlet pipe, and the second ends of the plurality of conveying pipes are communicated with the agent distributing pipe.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the conveying pipe extends spirally upward in the circumferential direction of the furnace body, or the conveying pipe extends linearly upward in the axial direction of the furnace body.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, when the delivery pipe extends straight upward along the axial direction of the furnace body, and when the delivery pipe is plural in number, the second ends of the plural delivery pipes communicate with the agent distributing pipe through the agent collecting pipe.

According to one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the conveying pipe comprises a first section and a second section which are connected in sequence, the first section is close to the lower part of the furnace body, the second section is close to the throat area of the furnace body, and the pipe diameter of the second section is larger than that of the first section.

According to one aspect of an embodiment of the invention, the second end of the delivery tube is tapered.

In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a biomass gasification system, which includes an intrinsic heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace as described above.

According to the internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace provided by the embodiment of the invention, the conveying part extending from bottom to top is arranged in the accommodating space in the furnace wall, the high temperature in the furnace body is utilized to heat the oxidant conveyed by the conveying part to obtain the high temperature oxidant, and then the high temperature oxidant is conveyed to the throat area, so that the temperature of the throat area can be effectively increased, the tar removal efficiency of the gasification furnace can be improved, meanwhile, the radiation heat and the conduction heat in the gasification furnace can be effectively utilized, the heat loss of the gasification furnace is reduced, the gasification efficiency of the whole gasification system including the gasification furnace is improved, the system complexity is simplified, the system investment cost is reduced, and the problem of low tar removal efficiency of the existing biomass gasification furnace is solved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conveying part of an internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a conveying part of an internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawings:

100-furnace body, 200-conveying part;

101-throat area, 102-grate, 103-gasifier inlet, 104-gasifier outlet;

201-delivery pipe, 202-agent inlet pipe, 203-agent distribution pipe and 204-agent collection pipe.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the described embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the terms "first" and "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; "plurality" means two or more; the terms "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the internally heat-exchanging biomass gasification furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a furnace body 100 and a conveying part 200, wherein an accommodating space is formed in a wall of the furnace body 100, the conveying part 200 is disposed in the accommodating space, the conveying part 200 is used for conveying an oxidant from outside of the furnace body 100 to inside of the furnace body 100, and the conveying part 200 extends upward from a lower portion of the furnace body 100 to a throat region 101 of the furnace body 100, so that the oxidant in the conveying part 200 can be heated by heat in the furnace body 100. In this embodiment, the conveying part 200 extending from bottom to top is disposed in the accommodating space in the furnace wall, the high temperature in the furnace body 100 is used to heat the oxidant conveyed by the conveying part 200 to obtain the high temperature oxidant, and then the high temperature oxidant is conveyed to the throat area 101, so as to effectively increase the temperature of the throat area 101, thereby improving the tar removal efficiency of the gasification furnace and achieving the purpose of outputting low tar fuel gas, and at the same time, the radiation heat and conduction heat in the gasification furnace can be effectively utilized, thereby reducing the heat loss of the gasification furnace, improving the gasification efficiency of the whole gasification system including the gasification furnace, omitting the heat exchange or heating equipment for heating the throat oxidant, avoiding the risk of blocking the heat exchanger due to possible condensation of tar in the pyrolysis gas in the heat exchanger, simplifying the system complexity, and increasing the system reliability, and the system investment cost is also reduced.

The pyrolysis gas of this embodiment gets into the gasifier by gasification system's pyrolysis section, and pyrolysis gas flows through throat region 101, and the oxidant that conveying portion 200 carried reacts with pyrolysis gas and forms high temperature environment for tar oxidation, pyrolysis in the pyrolysis gas, because the oxidant has passed through the heating of 100 interior high temperatures of furnace body, the oxidant can make the temperature of throat region 101 obtain improving effectively, makes macromolecule tar in the pyrolysis gas can react more fully, thereby has improved tar desorption efficiency.

It can be understood that, since the temperature difference of heat transfer between the inside of the gasification furnace and the normal temperature or low temperature oxidant is large, the oxidant conveyed by the conveying part 200 is heated by the high temperature in the furnace body 100, and the heat exchange efficiency of the conveying part 200 can be greatly improved, thereby effectively improving the gasification efficiency of the gasification furnace and the whole gasification system.

The containing space in the furnace wall of the furnace body 100 can be used for setting a castable layer of the gasification furnace, the containing space is reserved with enough thickness, the castable layer and the conveying part 200 can be simultaneously set, and further, the conveying part 200 can be fixed in the castable layer. Preferably, the thickness of the transfer unit 200 in the radial direction of the gasification furnace does not exceed 2/3 the thickness of the castable layer.

Moreover, because the region from the upper part of the grate 102 to the throat area 101 of the gasification furnace is a high temperature region (the temperature is between 700 and 1000 ℃) in the gasification furnace, the conveying part 200 can extend upwards from the grate 102 region of the furnace body 100 to the throat area 101 of the furnace body 100, and the oxidant can be heated to 400 and 600 ℃ after heat exchange, thereby meeting the process requirements.

The oxidizing agent may be a gaseous oxidizing agent such as air or oxygen, or may be an oxidizing agent having other components and forms, provided that the process requirements of the gasification furnace can be satisfied.

As an alternative embodiment, the delivery part 200 includes at least one delivery pipe 201, a first end of the delivery pipe 201 is located at the lower part of the furnace body 100 and is communicated with the outside, and a second end of the delivery pipe 201 extends upwards to the throat area 101 of the furnace body 100 and is communicated with the inside of the furnace body 100.

The duct 201 of the present embodiment extends from the lower portion of the furnace body 100 to the throat area 101 of the furnace body 100, i.e., passes through the high temperature section of the furnace body 100, so that the externally supplied oxidant can be heated by the radiant heat and the conductive heat in the gasifier and then be fed into the furnace body 100, thereby increasing the temperature of the throat area 101 and further increasing the tar removal efficiency of the gasifier.

As an alternative embodiment, the first end of the delivery pipe 201 is communicated with the outside through the agent inlet pipe 202, and the second end of the delivery pipe 201 is communicated with the inside of the furnace body 100 through the agent distributing pipe 203 arranged in the throat area 101 of the furnace body 100.

As an alternative embodiment, the agent distributing pipe 203 is arc-shaped and the agent feeding pipe 202 is ring-shaped when viewed from the top of the furnace body 100 downward.

In this embodiment, the agent inlet pipe 202 may be located above the grate 102, the agent inlet pipe 202 has an agent inlet, the oxidant is introduced into the agent inlet pipe 202 through the agent inlet and further into the delivery pipe 201, and after heat exchange, the oxidant is introduced into the agent distribution pipe 203 located in the throat area 101, the agent distribution pipe 203 has a nozzle, and the oxidant is sprayed into the furnace body 100 through the nozzle.

Wherein, cloth agent pipe 203 can have a plurality of spouts, a plurality of spouts distribute along cloth agent pipe 203's circumference in proper order, arc form cloth agent pipe 203, be convenient for combine with the distribution condition of spout, with the outflow velocity of effective control oxidant, make the oxidant can be spouted by a plurality of spouts with more even velocity of flow, thereby make the temperature distribution in larynx mouth region 101 even, and then make the oxidant more even with the reaction of pyrolysis gas in larynx mouth region 101, be of value to and improve tar desorption efficiency.

As an optional embodiment, the number of the delivery pipes 201 is multiple, the first ends of the delivery pipes 201 are all communicated with the agent inlet pipe 202, and the second ends of the delivery pipes 201 are all communicated with the agent distributing pipe 203.

In this embodiment, the first ends of the delivery pipes 201 may be uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the agent inlet pipe 202, and the second ends of the delivery pipes 201 may be arranged along the circumferential direction of the agent distribution pipe 203 so as to satisfy the principle that the oxidant can uniformly flow out.

As an alternative embodiment, the duct 201 extends spirally upward along the circumferential direction of the furnace body 100, or the duct 201 extends linearly upward along the axial direction of the furnace body 100.

The structure of the delivery pipe 201 of the present embodiment can be two types, which are described below:

firstly, the delivery pipe 201 is in a structure form of spirally upwards surrounding the furnace body 100, the length of the delivery pipe 201 can be calculated according to the process required temperature, the longer the length of the delivery pipe 201 is, the more sufficient the heat exchange between the oxidant and the gasification furnace in the delivery pipe 201 is, the higher the temperature to which the oxidant can be heated is, if the required temperature of the oxidant entering the furnace body 100 is higher, the screw pitch of the delivery pipe 201 can be reduced, so as to increase the length of the delivery pipe 201, and further improve the output temperature of the oxidant, and if the required temperature of the oxidant entering the furnace body 100 is lower, the screw pitch of the delivery pipe 201 can be correspondingly increased. For the conveying pipe 201 with this structure, the first end of the conveying pipe 201 can be directly used as the agent inlet pipe 202, that is, the agent inlet pipe 202 is integrally formed with the conveying pipe 201, the first end port of the conveying pipe 201 is used as an agent inlet, and the first end port can be located above the grate 102, as shown in fig. 2.

Further, the conveying pipe 201 is in a spiral upward structural form surrounding the furnace body 100, the number of the conveying pipes 201 is multiple, the conveying pipes 201 are connected in parallel through the agent inlet pipe 202, and optionally, the spiral trends of the conveying pipes 201 are the same, and the conveying pipes are uniformly arranged at intervals.

Secondly, the delivery pipe 201 is in a structure form extending upwards along the axial direction of the furnace body 100, and can meet the requirement of larger oxidant flux.

Further, the delivery pipe 201 is a structural form extending upwards along the axial direction of the furnace body 100, the number of the delivery pipes 201 is multiple, and the multiple delivery pipes 201 are connected in parallel through the agent inlet pipe 202, as shown in fig. 3, the oxidant flux can be further increased, and optionally, the multiple delivery pipes 201 are uniformly arranged at intervals.

As an alternative embodiment, when the delivery pipes 201 extend straight upward along the axial direction of the furnace body 100, and when the number of the delivery pipes 201 is plural, the second ends of the plural delivery pipes 201 communicate with the agent distributing pipe 203 through the agent collecting pipe 204.

In this embodiment, collecting pipe 204 can be annular, the oxidant lets in a plurality of conveyer pipes 201 by advancing agent pipe 202, after with the gasifier heat transfer, incorporate into collecting pipe 204 that is located cloth agent pipe 203 below, let in cloth agent pipe 203 by the pipeline between collecting pipe 204 and the cloth agent pipe 203 again, the oxidant disperses to accomplish the heat transfer in a plurality of conveyer pipes 201 promptly, the merger lets in cloth agent pipe 203 again, make the oxidant heat transfer more abundant while, be convenient for control the outflow velocity of oxidant by cloth agent pipe 203, and then make the temperature distribution in throat region 101 more controllable, be favorable to improving tar desorption efficiency.

As an alternative embodiment, the conveying pipe 201 comprises a first section and a second section which are connected in sequence, wherein the first section is close to the lower part of the furnace body 100, the second section is close to the throat area 101 of the furnace body 100, and the pipe diameter of the second section is larger than that of the first section.

Considering that the volume of the oxidant in the delivery pipe 201 is expanded violently with heating, the pipe diameter of the second section of the delivery pipe 201 is larger than that of the first section, that is, the pipe diameter of the upper half part of the delivery pipe 201 is larger than that of the lower half part, so as to reserve a space for the volumetric expansion of the oxidant and ensure the safety and stability of heat exchange. Wherein the first section of the duct 201 may have a diameter of 150mm and the second section may have a diameter of 200 mm.

As an alternative embodiment, the second end of delivery tube 201 is tapered.

Because the diameter of the throat area 101 is about 1/4-1/2 of the diameter of the furnace body 100, the second end of the conveying pipe 201 of the embodiment is in a closing trend, and the diameter of the second end port is smaller as the second end port is closer, so that the conveying pipe 201 can be closer to the inside of the throat area 101, the radiant heat and the conduction heat in the gasification furnace can be more effectively utilized, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the temperature of the oxidant at the nozzle of the agent distributing pipe 203 is improved, and the tar removal efficiency is improved.

The reaction process of the pyrolysis gas in the gasifier is explained below based on the above examples:

the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed by a pyrolysis section to generate pyrolysis gas, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is about 500 ℃, the pyrolysis gas comprises gaseous volatile components and solid semicoke, the gaseous volatile components and the solid semicoke enter a furnace body 100 from a gasification furnace inlet 103, the volatile components enter the furnace body 100 and then are subjected to cyclone combustion with a high-temperature oxidant sprayed into the furnace body 100 from a distributing pipe 203, the temperature of the whole throat area 101 is raised to about 1000 ℃, macromolecular tar can be cracked into micromolecular combustible gas, and meanwhile, heat can be provided for gasification reaction of the semicoke; the semicoke enters the furnace body 100 and falls to the fire grate 102, the temperature of the area is about 700 ℃ and 900 ℃, and the semicoke is subjected to a series of gasification reactions to generate CO and H₂After the gasification of the semi-coke on the grate 102 is completed, the ash residue is discharged out of the furnace body 100 through the ash discharge system from the outlet 104 of the gasification furnace.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a biomass gasification system which comprises the internal heat exchange type biomass gasification furnace in the embodiment.

In the embodiment, the biomass raw material enters the pyrolysis section from the feeding system, the pyrolysis is carried out in the pyrolysis section, volatile components and semicoke obtained by the pyrolysis enter the gasification furnace, the throat area 101 of the gasification furnace is obviously increased in temperature due to the introduction of the high-temperature oxidant obtained by heat exchange with the gasification furnace, so that the tar removal efficiency of the gasification furnace is improved, the purpose of outputting low-tar fuel gas is achieved, meanwhile, the radiant heat and the conduction heat in the gasification furnace are effectively utilized, the heat loss of the gasification furnace is reduced, the gasification efficiency of the whole biomass gasification system is improved, heat exchange or heating equipment for heating the throat oxidant can be omitted, the risk of blocking of a heat exchanger due to possible condensation of tar in pyrolysis gas in the heat exchanger is avoided, the complexity of the whole biomass gasification system is simplified, and the reliability is increased, the investment cost is also reduced.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.