阅读说明：本技术 传统建筑修缮方法 (Traditional building repairing method ) 是由 韩瑛 郑锦嵘 郑永春 郑志超 卜琼 张培华 王晓琦 刘建国 杨海峰 李海强 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种传统建筑修缮方法,包括以下步骤：(1)采用灰土回填方式修复冻胀问题：(2)采用木构架顶升方式修复构件遇水沤朽问题：(3)采用柱子墩接、铁箍加固,梁头拔榫处理方式修复木构承受重力、扭力劈裂、糟朽问题；(4)采用处理木基层,加固椽子的方式修复椽子位移、脱落问题；遵守了不改变文物原状、最少干预的原则,恢复古建筑原状,解决建筑现状残损木构架柱子歪闪、裂缝、虫蛀、梁架拔榫、倾闪问题,通过修缮使其得到合理的改善与加固,合格率高,在社会效益和经济效益方面产生了很好的效果。(The invention provides a traditional building repairing method, which comprises the following steps: (1) the frost heaving problem is repaired by adopting an ash soil backfilling mode: (2) adopting a timber frame jacking mode to repair the problem that the members are rotten when encountering water: (3) the problems of gravity bearing, torsion splitting and decay of the wooden structure are solved by adopting pillar pier connection, iron hoop reinforcement and tenon pulling treatment of the beam head; (4) the displacement and falling problems of the rafters are repaired in a mode of treating the wood base layer and reinforcing the rafters; the method complies with the principle of no change of the original shape of cultural relics and minimum intervention, recovers the original shape of the ancient building, solves the problems of inclined flashing, cracks, worm damage, tenon pulling of beam frames and inclination flashing of damaged wood frame columns in the current building situation, reasonably improves and reinforces the damaged wood frame columns through repair, has high qualification rate and produces good effect on social benefit and economic benefit.)

1. The traditional building repairing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) repairing the frost heaving problem by adopting an ash soil backfilling mode:

firstly, measures 3:7 are taken, wherein the backfill compaction coefficient of the lime soil is more than or equal to 0.95, and the on-site cutting ring sampling detection compaction coefficient is adopted; step two, the foundation embedding depth is 2.1 meters and is greater than the frozen soil depth, a column foundation is excavated, the side length of the column foundation is greater than 400mm of the column foundation stone, the width of the column foundation stone is 1000 mm, the depth of the column foundation stone is 2100mm, pseudo-ginseng gray soil is tamped in six steps by adopting a manual tamping method, after the column foundation stone is detected to be correct, the column foundation stone is horizontally placed, cement mortar is paved on the bottom surface of the gray soil and the bottom surface of the column foundation stone, and the concave-convex difference of the bottom surface of the column foundation;

(2) adopting a timber frame jacking mode to repair the problem that the members are rotten when encountering water:

firstly, erecting a roof beam frame of a full framing scaffold;

for the vertical rods, the transverse spacing is erected along two sides of the column and is 0.6m away from the column, the rest are erected in the middle according to the spacing, and the longitudinal vertical rod spacing is arranged from the axis of the middle column to two sides by 1.5m, 1.2m, 1m and 1 m; the lower part is provided with a sweeping rod which is arranged at a position 200mm above the base plate, and the sweeping rod is in butt joint with the base plate; the length of the floor sweeping rod extending out of the fastener at the joint of the end head and the vertical rod is not less than 10 mm;

for the cross bar: the two-way horizontal rods are fully arranged between the upright rods, the distance is along with the distance between the upright rods in each direction, the first step distance of the longitudinal and transverse horizontal pull rods is 1.5m, the second step is that the cushion plate is 5cm thick to protect the color paintings of the beam frame from being damaged, the color paintings of the beam frame are ensured to have enough design rigidity in two directions, the cross rods are lengthened by a butt joint method, and the cross rods are symmetrically arranged at intervals when the template support is erected;

secondly, a jack is adopted to jack the beam lifting frame;

firstly, jacking a rear eaves column, erecting one larch upright rod with the diameter of 160mm at a position 200mm away from a column below a roof truss beam, padding one 50mm thick wood plate at the upper end of the upright rod, erecting a column foot of the upright rod on a 50t jack, erecting an operator on two sides of the column, jacking the jack simultaneously to jack the five-frame beam by 100mm, and then fixing a beam frame at the bottom of the beam by using a steel pipe scaffold;

sequentially jacking a beam frame and a flat purlin, fixing the purlin and the brow purlin on a steel pipe scaffold, preventing rolling and falling, fixing a column, disassembling the column, and sequentially disassembling the column after numbering the column, and placing the column to a processing shed to be reinforced by adopting a palm tenon and an iron hoop;

step three, after the column foundation is reinforced, jacking the beam frame for 350mm, arranging four temporary supporting cross rods around each column, fixing the temporary supporting cross rods on the vertical rods, and reinforcing the temporary supporting cross rods in time along with the lifting of the beam frame;

the method comprises the following steps of (1) installing a column in situ, placing a column base on a column top stone, manually hoisting the column, and correcting an axis and a column center line by using a laser level; the central line of the column deviates outwards, a top wood member displaced rod is supported at the joint of the column and the flat plate purlin, a wood plate is obliquely supported at the bottom, and the top wood member displaced rod is pried back to the original position; the top part is continuously knocked by a wooden hammer until the line is stopped at the flat position, a gap between the bottom column and the column foundation is tight by an iron sheet hairpin, and the hemp knife ash is hooked on the hemp knife ash;

supplementing and connecting two ends of a flat square column and a front square column, performing mortise and tenon operation, returning, disassembling a temporary supporting steel pipe below a beam frame, returning the beam frame, and then reinforcing a scaffold;

the wood brace phi 160 is supported below the column along the diagonal bracing in the face width direction temporarily, the 50 × 30mm hip bar temporarily fixes the column and the beam frame, and the wall body is removed after the wall body is built;

(3) the problems of gravity bearing, torsion splitting and decay of the wooden structure are solved by adopting pillar pier connection, iron hoop reinforcement and tenon pulling treatment of the beam head;

firstly, splicing seams are bonded by epoxy resin glue, and nails are nailed and reinforced by an external iron hoop; cutting and scraping the rotten part of the column root, cutting 1/2 dark tenons on the original component, and performing antiseptic treatment on the component to infiltrate tung oil into the wood;

firstly, trial assembly is carried out on pier-jointed abutted seams of the pillars, trimming is carried out on the positions which are not assembled in place, new and old pillars are disassembled by a crowbar, the pillars are adhered by epoxy resin glue, a wood pillar prepared hole is vertically driven by an electric drill at a position 10cm below a blind tenon, a bolt with the length of 22 cm and the diameter of 10mm is positioned, the pillars are flattened by adding a sill frame on the side edges of the pillars, the bolt head is positioned in the wood pillar by 10mm, an iron hoop with the thickness of 6 × 80mm is additionally arranged for reinforcement, the exposed pillar needs to be provided with a 8mm deep groove on the pillar body, and the iron hoop is embedded in the pillars, so that the subsequent oil decoration construction is facilitated;

thirdly, drawing tenons on the components at the beam head, wrapping wood blocks at the tenon-mortise positions of the beam head on one side, nailing labor, additionally nailing a wood support block at the lower part of the components, and copying the old components by the beam head on the other side;

step four, recording the damage state of each component in detail, photographing and archiving each component before installation and renovation, during renovation and after renovation, recording and archiving the components strictly according to the construction procedure of the cultural relic preservation and renovation project, and accurately recording the components in a chart and photo combination mode;

(4) the displacement and falling problems of the rafters are repaired in a mode of treating the wood base layer and reinforcing the rafters;

firstly, the old eave rafters are long, and portions of rafter heads, which are rotten and cracked, are cut off and are used for the positions of the brain rafters; the angle of the new rafter head is determined according to the beam frame lifting frame, and rafters with the same diameter are butted together;

secondly, the old and new rafters adopt overlapping palms, old rafters are used for the installed rafters to prevent rafter body splitting caused by rafter nails, and holes can be prepared by an electric drill when holes need to be punched again, so that rafters are prevented from being damaged when the holes are newly nailed;

and thirdly, during repairing, the rafter is killed by rolling, and the small battens are planted in cracks of the rafter by adopting epoxy resin.

2. The traditional building renovation method of claim 1, characterized in that the columns are checked for numbering on site, and the renovation method is determined as follows: measuring the splitting gap size of the column root, wherein the splitting gap size of the open column does not exceed 1/5 column height, the splitting gap size of the hidden column does not exceed 1/3 column height, and adopting pier connection; the depth of the beam frame crack is less than or equal to 1/4 of the diameter of the member along with the depth of the grain crack, the width of the beam frame crack is less than or equal to 10mm, and the length of the crack is less than or equal to 1/2 of the length of the beam frame crack; and (4) replacing the component if the above specification is exceeded.

3. The method for repairing traditional buildings according to claim 1, wherein in the first step of repairing the component decay problem caused by water by jacking the timber structure, the vertical poles are allowed to be arranged with a deviation of ± 5mm in the longitudinal direction and a deviation of ± 10mm in the verticality of the vertical poles.

4. The method for repairing traditional buildings according to claim 1, wherein in the first step of the method for repairing the water-rotting problem of the construction by jacking the timber structure, the height difference between the two ends of a cross rod is not more than 2cm, and the flatness of the whole length of the longitudinal horizontal rod is not less than ± 10 mm.

5. The method for repairing a traditional building according to claim 1, wherein in the second measure for repairing the displacement and falling-off problem of the rafters by treating the wood-based layer and reinforcing the rafters, the diameter of the newly filled rafters is 110mm, and the diameter of the newly filled rafters is 90 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a traditional building repairing method.

Background

With the acceleration of the urban modernization process, the traditional building is seriously damaged, the problem that the column sinks, the column root is damped, is corroded by rain, is rotten and is damaged by worms exists, and the column has cleavage gaps; building indoor terrace unevenness, long-term rainwater flows backward, and the post root is rotten when meeting water, and the post askew flicker, arouses that the roof beam structure is whole crooked. The eave rafter position damages more, and the eave rafter is exposed to the sun and is drenched and easily rotten and warp, causes the eave skew, and the fly rafter goes out the eave and is long, and back tail iron spare falls off the corrosion, and the fly rafter drops. Traditional dwellings in ancient cities face severe tests.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a traditional building repairing method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a traditional building repairing method comprises the following steps: (1) repairing the frost heaving problem by adopting an ash soil backfilling mode:

firstly, measures 3:7 are taken, wherein the backfill compaction coefficient of the lime soil is more than or equal to 0.95, and the on-site cutting ring sampling detection compaction coefficient is adopted; step two, the foundation embedding depth is 2.1 meters and is greater than the frozen soil depth, a column foundation is excavated, the side length of the column foundation is greater than 400mm of the column foundation stone, the width of the column foundation stone is 1000 mm, the depth of the column foundation stone is 2100mm, pseudo-ginseng gray soil is tamped in six steps by adopting a manual tamping method, after the column foundation stone is detected to be correct, the column foundation stone is horizontally placed, cement mortar is paved on the bottom surface of the gray soil and the bottom surface of the column foundation stone, and the concave-convex difference of the bottom surface of the column foundation;

(2) adopting a timber frame jacking mode to repair the problem that the members are rotten when encountering water:

firstly, erecting a roof beam frame of a full framing scaffold;

for the vertical rods, the transverse spacing is erected along two sides of the column and is 0.6m away from the column, the rest are erected in the middle according to the spacing, and the longitudinal vertical rod spacing is arranged from the axis of the middle column to two sides by 1.5m, 1.2m, 1m and 1 m; the lower part is provided with a sweeping rod which is arranged at a position 200mm above the base plate, and the sweeping rod is in butt joint with the base plate; the length of the floor sweeping rod extending out of the fastener at the joint of the end head and the vertical rod is not less than 10 mm;

for the cross bar: the two-way horizontal rods are fully arranged between the upright rods, the distance is along with the distance between the upright rods in each direction, the first step distance of the longitudinal and transverse horizontal pull rods is 1.5m, the second step is that the cushion plate is 5cm thick to protect the color paintings of the beam frame from being damaged, the color paintings of the beam frame are ensured to have enough design rigidity in two directions, the cross rods are lengthened by a butt joint method, and the cross rods are symmetrically arranged at intervals when the template support is erected;

secondly, a jack is adopted to jack the beam lifting frame;

firstly, jacking a rear eaves column, erecting one larch upright rod with the diameter of 160mm at a position 200mm away from a column below a roof truss beam, padding one 50mm thick wood plate at the upper end of the upright rod, erecting a column foot of the upright rod on a 50t jack, erecting an operator on two sides of the column, jacking the jack simultaneously to jack the five-frame beam by 100mm, and then fixing a beam frame at the bottom of the beam by using a steel pipe scaffold;

sequentially jacking a beam frame and a flat purlin, fixing the purlin and the brow purlin on a steel pipe scaffold, preventing rolling and falling, fixing a column, disassembling the column, and sequentially disassembling the column after numbering the column, and placing the column to a processing shed to be reinforced by adopting a palm tenon and an iron hoop;

step three, after the column foundation is reinforced, jacking the beam frame for 350mm, arranging four temporary supporting cross rods around each column, fixing the temporary supporting cross rods on the vertical rods, and reinforcing the temporary supporting cross rods in time along with the lifting of the beam frame;

the method comprises the following steps of (1) installing a column in situ, placing a column base on a column top stone, manually hoisting the column, and correcting an axis and a column center line by using a laser level; the central line of the column deviates outwards, a top wood member displaced rod is supported at the joint of the column and the flat plate purlin, a wood plate is obliquely supported at the bottom, and the top wood member displaced rod is pried back to the original position; the top part is continuously knocked by a wooden hammer until the line is stopped at the flat position, a gap between the bottom column and the column foundation is tight by an iron sheet hairpin, and the hemp knife ash is hooked on the hemp knife ash;

supplementing and connecting two ends of a flat square column and a front square column, performing mortise and tenon operation, returning, disassembling a temporary supporting steel pipe below a beam frame, returning the beam frame, and then reinforcing a scaffold;

the wood brace phi 160 is supported below the column along the diagonal bracing in the face width direction temporarily, the 50 × 30mm hip bar temporarily fixes the column and the beam frame, and the wall body is removed after the wall body is built;

(3) the problems of gravity bearing, torsion splitting and decay of the wooden structure are solved by adopting pillar pier connection, iron hoop reinforcement and tenon pulling treatment of the beam head;

firstly, splicing seams are bonded by epoxy resin glue, and nails are nailed and reinforced by an external iron hoop; cutting and scraping the rotten part of the column root, cutting 1/2 dark tenons on the original component, and performing antiseptic treatment on the component to infiltrate tung oil into the wood;

firstly, trial assembly is carried out on pier-jointed abutted seams of the pillars, trimming is carried out on the positions which are not assembled in place, new and old pillars are disassembled by a crowbar, the pillars are adhered by epoxy resin glue, a wood pillar prepared hole is vertically driven by an electric drill at a position 10cm below a blind tenon, a bolt with the length of 22 cm and the diameter of 10mm is positioned, the pillars are flattened by adding a sill frame on the side edges of the pillars, the bolt head is positioned in the wood pillar by 10mm, an iron hoop with the thickness of 6 × 80mm is additionally arranged for reinforcement, the exposed pillar needs to be provided with a 8mm deep groove on the pillar body, and the iron hoop is embedded in the pillars, so that the subsequent oil decoration construction is facilitated;

thirdly, drawing tenons on the components at the beam head, wrapping wood blocks at the tenon-mortise positions of the beam head on one side, nailing labor, additionally nailing a wood support block at the lower part of the components, and copying the old components by the beam head on the other side;

step four, recording the damage state of each component in detail, photographing and archiving each component before installation and renovation, during renovation and after renovation, recording and archiving the components strictly according to the construction procedure of the cultural relic preservation and renovation project, and accurately recording the components in a chart and photo combination mode;

(4) the displacement and falling problems of the rafters are repaired in a mode of treating the wood base layer and reinforcing the rafters;

firstly, the old eave rafters are long, and portions of rafter heads, which are rotten and cracked, are cut off and are used for the positions of the brain rafters; the angle of the new rafter head is determined according to the beam frame lifting frame, and rafters with the same diameter are butted together;

secondly, the old and new rafters adopt overlapping palms, old rafters are used for the installed rafters to prevent rafter body splitting caused by rafter nails, and holes can be prepared by an electric drill when holes need to be punched again, so that rafters are prevented from being damaged when the holes are newly nailed;

and thirdly, during repairing, the rafter is killed by rolling, and the small battens are planted in cracks of the rafter by adopting epoxy resin.

Further, the column is subjected to numbering inspection on site, and a repairing method is determined: measuring the splitting gap size of the column root, wherein the splitting gap size of the open column does not exceed 1/5 column height, the splitting gap size of the hidden column does not exceed 1/3 column height, and adopting pier connection; the depth of the beam frame crack is less than or equal to 1/4 of the diameter of the member along with the depth of the grain crack, the width of the beam frame crack is less than or equal to 10mm, and the length of the crack is less than or equal to 1/2 of the length of the beam frame crack; and (4) replacing the component if the above specification is exceeded.

Furthermore, in the first measure of repairing the component decay problem caused by water by adopting the timber frame jacking method, for the vertical rod, the vertical rod is allowed to be erected with a deviation of +/-5 mm, and the verticality of the vertical rod is allowed to be erected with a deviation of +/-10 mm.

Furthermore, in the first measure of repairing the water-rotting problem of the member by adopting the timber frame jacking method, the height difference of two ends of one transverse rod does not exceed 2cm, and the flatness of the whole length of the longitudinal horizontal rod is not less than +/-10 mm.

Furthermore, in a second measure for repairing displacement and falling of the rafter by treating the wood base layer and reinforcing the rafter, the diameter of the newly filled rafter is 110mm, and the diameter of the rafter is 90 mm.

The invention has the following technical effects: the method complies with the principle of no change of the original shape of cultural relics and minimum intervention, recovers the original shape of the ancient building, solves the problems of crooked and flashing of damaged wooden frame columns, cracks, moth eating, tenon pulling of beam frames and inclination flashing in the current building situation, reasonably improves and reinforces the ancient building by repairing, and has high qualification rate.

In the aspect of social benefit, the jacking of the beam frame for cultural relic preservation and repair is smoothly carried out, displaced members of the wood members are righted, restored and repaired, important material object data are provided for researching late-stage residences, and the method has higher social value in the aspects of building research, visiting tourism and popularizing traditional building knowledge.

In the aspect of economic benefit, the influence and damage to the ancient building caused by the jacking of the beam frame are reduced to the minimum, the influence on the structure of the building is small, and the influence on the adjacent building and the surrounding environment is avoided. If the whole frame falling and renovation are adopted on site, 15 ten thousand yuan is needed, the cost is saved by 5 ten thousand yuan totally through the full-frame supporting, the local jacking and the local frame falling and renovation, and the construction period is saved by 5 days. The wood structure jacking construction method technology is applied to wood structure building construction, construction experience is accumulated for a company, the company can apply the technology to other similar projects built by the company, construction cost, construction period and the like can be controlled, and long-term economic benefit is created for the company.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of the scaffolding in the example;

FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the scaffold set up in the embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the lifting of the column in the embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a temporary cross bar top lifted by the beam frame in the embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the half-tenon pier-carved column in the embodiment.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.