阅读说明：本技术 一种小麦精准调控方法 (Wheat accurate regulation and control method ) 是由 董如涛 董文召 张俊 于 2020-04-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种小麦精准调控方法,选用以下高效药剂：吡唑醚菌酯、己唑醇、胺鲜酯、羟基芸苔素内酯、四水八硼酸钠、螯合铁、螯合锌、糖醇钙镁、戍唑醇、硝酸钾、氨基酸水溶液,采用多组配方,合理的配比,在小麦整个生育期合理节点使用,能提高小麦抗病性,预防小麦生育期多种病害,满足生育期各种中微量元素,促进营养互补,并实现与防病杀菌剂融合增效,使植株健壮,合理增加小麦的亩穗数、穗粒数、干粒重；防干热风、落黄好、达到高产的目的,还可以提高小麦的品质。(The invention relates to a wheat accurate regulation and control method, which selects the following high-efficiency medicaments: pyraclostrobin, hexaconazole, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, hydroxyl brassinolide, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, chelated iron, chelated zinc, sugar alcohol calcium magnesium, tebuconazole, potassium nitrate and amino acid aqueous solution, a plurality of groups of formulas are adopted, the formula is reasonable, the sodium octaborate tetrahydrate and the chelated iron are reasonably used at nodes in the whole growth period of wheat, the disease resistance of wheat can be improved, a plurality of diseases in the growth period of wheat are prevented, various medium and trace elements in the growth period are met, nutrition complementation is promoted, the synergistic effect of the sodium octaborate, the pyraclostrobin, the hydroxyl brassinolide and the amino acid aqueous solution is realized, plants are robust, and the ear number per mu, the ear number; dry and hot air is prevented, yellow color is well removed, the purpose of high yield is achieved, and the quality of wheat can be improved.)

1. The wheat accurate regulation and control method is characterized by comprising the step of spraying wheat leaf surfaces for three times, and comprises the following steps of taking mu as a unit:

(1) spraying 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent 10-30 g, 30% hexaconazole suspending agent 10-30 g, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 500-1500ppm, 0.001%18 hydroxy brassinolide 5-30 g, 21% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate 5-30 g, 13% EDTA chelated iron 1-30 g, 15% EDTA chelated zinc 1-30 g, 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium 10-50 g, 100 g/L amino acid aqueous solution 10-50 g, mixing with water uniformly and spraying;

(2) 10-30 g of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent, 10-30 g of 430 g/L pentrazol alcohol suspending agent, 500ppm diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-30 g of 0.001% 18-hydroxy brassinolide, 5-30 g of 21% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 1-30 g of 13% EDTA chelated iron, 1-30 g of 15% EDTA chelated zinc, 10-50 g of 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium and 10-50 g of 100 g/L amino acid aqueous solution, and spraying after being mixed uniformly with water;

(3) in the filling period (ten days after the flowers), 10-30 g of 25 percent pyraclostrobin suspending agent, 10-30 g of 30 percent hexaconazole suspending agent, 500ppm of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-30 g of 0.001 percent 18-hydroxy brassinolide, 10-50 g of 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium and 10-100 g of 46 percent potassium nitrate are mixed evenly with water and then sprayed.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of high-yield disease-preventing nutrition-regulating accurate medication of wheat yield and quality, in particular to a wheat accurate regulating method.

Background

The wheat is a main grain crop in China, the stable yield and high yield of the wheat have important strategic significance on national civilian life and grain safety in China, the yield of the wheat is reconstructed from the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear and dry grains, the product of the three is higher, the yield is higher, accurate management is carried out according to the regulation and control periods and ways of the three, and the three factors of the yield of the wheat are balanced, so that the purposes of quality improvement and yield increase are achieved;

at present, most farmers in a wheat production area have a habit of using medicines in the whole process of wheat production, mainly prevent and treat diseases and insect pests in the growth period, and simultaneously certain foliar fertilizers are added to achieve the purposes of stable yield and high yield, however, according to the field performance in recent years, partial areas and farmers exist every year, and the yield reduction of wheat is serious, or the money is not little, the medicines are not dozens of medicines, and the yield performance is not ideal due to diseases, weather and other reasons;

the main problems of the method are as follows:

1. the pesticide application time is not scientific at will, most farmers see the occurrence of diseases according to habits, the pesticide is applied only when people see the pesticide application, the prevention and treatment effect is poor, the yield of the wheat is reduced and the quality is reduced, for example, the prevention and treatment of the gibberellic disease, the pesticide application is carried out when the gibberellic disease is found in the field, the prevention and treatment effect is extremely poor, only a remedial measure is taken, the condition that the yield of the wheat is greatly reduced due to the outbreak of the gibberellic disease occurs in many areas of farmers in recent years, the quality is reduced, and the income loss of the farmers is serious.

2. There is no systematic thinking about the node of medication; the nutrition regulation medicine is not used in the optimal period of influencing the yield increasing factors of the wheat, so that the yield increase is not ideal.

3. The medicament proportion is unscientific and cannot achieve the best effect of increasing production and improving quality.

In view of the above, we provide a wheat precise control method for solving the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the situation and overcoming the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the accurate wheat regulation and control method, in the scheme, the medium-trace element foliar fertilizer, the green regulator and the high-efficiency low-toxicity bactericide are reasonably proportioned and used in a reasonable period, the key period of fusing high yield and disease prevention management is accurately defined, and the method is easy to learn, use, popularize and form a simple and convenient standardized management technology.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the wheat accurate regulation and control method is characterized by comprising the step of spraying wheat leaf surfaces for three times, and by taking mu as a unit, the method comprises the following steps of:

(1) spraying 10-30 g of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent, 10-30 g of 30% hexaconazole suspending agent, 500-1500ppm diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-30 g of 0.001% 18-hydroxy brassinolide, 5-30 g of 21% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 1-30 g of 13% EDTA chelated iron, 1-30 g of 15% EDTA chelated zinc, 10-50 g of 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium and 10-50 g of 100 g/L amino acid aqueous solution, and spraying after uniformly mixing with water.

(2) 10-30 g of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent, 10-30 g of 430 g/L pentrazol alcohol suspending agent, 500ppm of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-30 g of 0.001% 18-hydroxy brassinolide, 5-30 g of 21% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 1-30 g of 13% EDTA chelated iron, 1-30 g of 15% EDTA chelated zinc, 10-50 g of 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium and 10-50 g of 100 g/L amino acid aqueous solution, and spraying after being mixed uniformly with water.

(3) In the filling period (ten days after the flowers), 10-30 g of 25 percent pyraclostrobin suspending agent, 10-30 g of 30 percent hexaconazole suspending agent, 500ppm of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-30 g of 0.001 percent 18-hydroxy brassinolide, 10-50 g of 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium and 10-100 g of 46 percent potassium nitrate are mixed evenly with water and then sprayed.

The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:

(1) the efficient and environment-friendly nutrition regulator is accurately and reasonably applied to key nodes of the growth cycle of wheat, and three factors of balancing the yield of the wheat are influenced: mu ear number, ear grain number and dry grain weight lay a solid foundation for high yield of wheat.

(2) The high-efficiency low-toxicity bactericide is used at a reasonable node of a reasonable wheat growth period, the control effect is improved, the pesticide dosage is reduced, and the whole-course robust growth of wheat is promoted.

(3) The pesticide is applied in the turning green and jointing stage, can promote tillering, weak tillering, turning strong, coarse rooting, strong stem and stalk, resist lodging, increase the ear number per mu, improve the ear rate, has good control effect on wheat sharp eyespot, early rust disease and powdery mildew, and builds a high yield frame.

(4) The pesticide is used in heading and flowering stages, and can promote the development of spikes, improve the tiller rate and increase the grain number of the spikes. And has effects of preventing and treating wheat scab, powdery mildew, etc.

(5) The agent is applied in the filling stage, so that the filling of wheat is promoted, the dry grain weight of the wheat is improved, dry hot air is prevented, the yellow color is good, the yield of the wheat is increased, and the quality of the wheat is improved.

(6) The invention adopts a plurality of groups of formulas and reasonable proportion, is used at a reasonable node in the whole growth period of wheat, can improve the disease resistance of wheat, prevent various diseases in the growth period of wheat, meet various medium and trace elements in the growth period, promote nutrition complementation, realize the fusion and synergism with disease-preventing bactericide, strengthen plants, and reasonably increase the ear number per mu, the grain number per ear and the dry grain weight of wheat; dry and hot air is prevented, yellow color is well removed, the purpose of high yield is achieved, and the quality of wheat can be improved.

(7) The key point of the invention is that the medication period is clear and accurate, the medication is accurate and the comprehensive management is realized, and a standardized management mode is formed; quick effect and easy popularization.

Detailed Description

The foregoing and other technical matters, features and effects of the present invention will be more fully described in connection with the following embodiments.

The invention provides an accurate regulation and control method for wheat pesticide application, which selects a medicament combination: according to the nutritional requirements of different growth cycles such as wheat turning-jointing stage, heading-flowering stage, filling stage and the like, the following medicaments are selected: pyraclostrobin, hexaconazole, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, hydroxyl brassinolide, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, chelated iron, chelated zinc, sugar alcohol calcium magnesium, tebuconazole, potassium nitrate and amino acid aqueous solution;

selecting a pesticide spraying period: selecting the medicaments for combination and proportioning, accurately selecting a reasonable application period in the green turning-jointing stage, the heading-flowering stage and the filling stage of wheat in the whole growth period of the wheat, and carrying out reasonable nutrition regulation and control, wherein the method comprises the step of spraying wheat leaf surfaces for three times, and is carried out by taking mu as a unit and adopting the following steps;

(1) spraying 10-30 g of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent, 10-30 g of 30% hexaconazole suspending agent, 500-1500ppm diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-30 g of 0.001% 18-hydroxy brassinolide, 5-30 g of 21% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 1-30 g of 13% EDTA chelated iron, 1-30 g of 15% EDTA chelated zinc, 10-50 g of 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium and 10-50 g of 100 g/L amino acid aqueous solution, and spraying after uniformly mixing with water.

(2) 10-30 g of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent, 10-30 g of 430 g/L pentrazol alcohol suspending agent, 500ppm of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-30 g of 0.001% 18-hydroxy brassinolide, 5-30 g of 21% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 1-30 g of 13% EDTA chelated iron, 1-30 g of 15% EDTA chelated zinc, 10-50 g of 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium and 10-50 g of 100 g/L amino acid aqueous solution, and spraying after being mixed uniformly with water.

(3) In the filling period (ten days after the flowers), 10-30 g of 25 percent pyraclostrobin suspending agent, 10-30 g of 30 percent hexaconazole suspending agent, 500ppm of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-30 g of 0.001 percent 18-hydroxy brassinolide, 10-50 g of 100 g/L sugar alcohol calcium magnesium and 10-100 g of 46 percent potassium nitrate are mixed evenly with water and then sprayed.

In the scheme of the invention, the medium trace element foliar fertilizer, the green regulator and the high-efficiency low-toxicity bactericide are reasonably mixed and accurately applied to key nodes of the growth cycle of wheat;

the pesticide is applied in the wheat turning and jointing stage, so that tillering, weak tillering and turning, coarse rooting, thick and strong stems, lodging resistance, increased spike number per mu, high spike rate improvement, good prevention effect on wheat sharp eyespot, early rust disease and powdery mildew and good high yield frame building are promoted;

the drug is applied at the heading and flowering stages of wheat, so that the development of ears can be promoted, the tillering rate can be improved, the number of grains per ear can be increased, and the prevention and treatment effects on wheat scab, powdery mildew and the like can be realized;

by using the agent in the wheat filling period, the wheat filling is promoted, the dry grain weight of the wheat is improved, hot air and yellow are prevented from drying, the yield of the wheat is increased, and the quality of the wheat is improved;

the invention adopts a plurality of groups of formulas and reasonable proportion, is used at a reasonable node in the whole growth period of wheat, can improve the disease resistance of wheat, prevent various diseases in the growth period of wheat, meet various medium and trace elements in the growth period, promote nutrition complementation, realize the fusion and synergism with disease-preventing bactericide, strengthen plants, and reasonably increase the ear number per mu, the grain number per ear and the dry grain weight of wheat; dry and hot air prevention, good yellow color falling and high yield, and can improve the quality of wheat on the basis of reducing the pesticide dosage, thereby achieving better effect with the least medicament.

The medicament selected by the invention is introduced as follows:

430 g/L of tebuconazole as suspending agent and ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, and is a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum and systemic triazole bactericidal pesticide which has three functions of protection, treatment and eradication, can be quickly absorbed by part of plant growth force and actively moves to the top, not only has bactericidal activity, but also can promote the growth of crops, so that the roots of the crops are developed, the leaves are dark green, the plants are robust, and the effective tillering is increased, thereby improving the yield, having wide bactericidal spectrum, being capable of preventing and treating diseases of wheat such as banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, rust disease, gibberellic disease, black ears and the like, having longer lasting period than the commonly used triazole bactericides of triadimefon and the like by farmers, and having high systemic property, and being a good medicament selection.

Pyraclostrobin (B): pyraclostrobin is a novel broad-spectrum bactericide, a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, and has the functions of protection, treatment and leaf penetration and conduction.

Hexaconazole: 30% suspending agent, belonging to triazole fungicide and sterol demethylation inhibitor, having broad-spectrum protection and treatment effect on fungi, especially diseases caused by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota.

Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate: the high-energy plant growth regulator with broad-spectrum and breakthrough effect can improve the activity of plant peroxidase and nitrate reductase, increase the content of chlorophyll, accelerate photosynthesis, promote division and elongation of plant cells, promote root development and regulate the balance of nutrients in vivo.

Sodium octaborate tetrahydrate: the medium trace element belongs to one of borate, and can promote crop fertilization, seed setting and enhance resistance.

Amino acid aqueous solution: has important physiological functions, and has the activities of supplementing nutrition and promoting plant growth.

High zinc content: improving root activity and tillering ability, enhancing photosynthesis, facilitating synthesis of auxin, and enhancing disease resistance and drought resistance.

High-speed rail: iron is a trace element which is discovered to be necessary for the first plant, the iron plays an important role in the redox processes of plant respiration, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and the like, and iron-deficient leaves of the plant become yellow to cause yellow leaf disease.

High potassium content: the potassium nitrate can improve the intensity of photosynthesis, promote the formation of starch and sugar in crops, enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops, and improve the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by the crops.

The invention is simple in operation, and the effect of the invention is described in detail by experimental data as follows:

selecting excellent wheat seeds, adopting the same sowing period and sowing quantity, dividing the wheat seeds into 3 groups, setting blank control (without using medicament spray) in one group, repeating the treatment of each group for 3 times, and measuring indexes of wheat such as diseased plant rate, diseased finger, control effect, tiller number and the like in different growth periods.

The cell area is 32m by adopting the random block design²After the seedlings are aligned, according to the basic seedlings 225 × 10⁴/hm⁴The seedlings are fixed uniformly in each treatment, and the tillering number, the effective spike number and the effective spike number are investigated twice in 4 months, 10 days and 5 months, 15 daysAnd (4) investigating effective spikes in a mature period according to changes of spike diseases and the like, and sampling and counting to actually harvest the yield of each cell.

As can be seen from the data in the table, from the aspect of disease control, but at the stage of turning green and jointing or at the stage of heading and flowering, the plant disease rate and the average disease index of the group C are very low, the average control effect of the group C is obviously better than that of the group B, from the aspect of yield, according to the conventional field management mode (group B), the yield increase rate of the group C is only 2.88 percent relative to the group A, while the average yield of the wheat treated by the method of the group C is 17.58 percent higher than that of the group A, and the yield difference reaches a significant level.

In conclusion, on the aspects of wheat yield and disease prevention, the conventional field management technology is not available, different medium and trace element leaf fertilizers, green regulators and high-efficiency low-toxicity bactericide are respectively used in the key growth periods of wheat, namely the green turning-jointing period, the heading-flowering period and the filling period, according to the formula combination provided by the invention, and different functions can be achieved in different periods;

therefore, the disease resistance of wheat is effectively improved, the tillering of wheat is promoted, the ears are promoted to grow into big ears, the drought resistance and dry hot wind resistance of wheat are improved, and the effect of obviously improving the yield of wheat is achieved.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications conforming to the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.