阅读说明：本技术 一种防止钻井泵憋泵的预测判断方法及其泵压防护系统 (Prediction judgment method for preventing drilling pump from being held out and pumping pressure protection system thereof ) 是由 赵刚 于春 夏玉龙 孙志刚 张英栋 徐杰 吕捷 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及石油钻井工程安全控制技术。一种石油钻井工程中防止钻井泵憋泵的预测判断方法,在钻井泵启动时,采用传感器及控制器实时检测立管内的泥浆压力LP以及钻井泵出水口的泥浆压力BP,控制器根据获得的钻井泵出水口的泥浆压力BP实时计算BP的上升速率S1：根据获得的立管内的压力LP实时计算LP的上升速率S2：然后实时计算S1-S2的差值,以此差值的大小判断是否有憋死泵的情况发生。一种石油钻井工程防止钻井泵误操作的泵压防护系统,包括控制器以及执行机构,所述控制器输入端与立管压力传感器、泵压检测传感器输出信号连接,控制器控制输出端连接执行机构,在判断出有憋死泵的可能情况发生时,切断钻井泵的控制气路或电路使其不能启动。(The invention relates to a safety control technology for petroleum drilling engineering. A prediction and judgment method for preventing a drilling pump from being held back in oil drilling engineering is characterized in that when the drilling pump is started, a sensor and a controller are adopted to detect slurry pressure LP in a vertical pipe and slurry pressure BP at a water outlet of the drilling pump in real time, and the controller calculates the rising rate S1 of the BP in real time according to the obtained slurry pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump: calculating the rising speed S2 of the LP in real time according to the obtained pressure LP in the riser: and then calculating the difference value of S1-S2 in real time, and judging whether the pump is dead or not according to the difference value. The pump pressure protection system comprises a controller and an actuating mechanism, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with output signals of a vertical pipe pressure sensor and a pump pressure detection sensor, the control output end of the controller is connected with the actuating mechanism, and when the possible situation that a pump is blocked is judged, a control gas circuit or a circuit of the drilling pump is cut off to enable the drilling pump not to be started.)

1. A prediction and judgment method for preventing a drilling pump from being held back in oil drilling engineering is characterized in that when the drilling pump is started, a sensor and a controller are adopted to detect slurry pressure LP in a vertical pipe and slurry pressure BP at a water outlet of the drilling pump in real time, and the method comprises the following steps:

the controller judges whether the pump-holding condition of the drilling pump occurs by executing the following computer program:

1) calculating the rising rate S1 of BP in real time according to the obtained mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump:

S1=BPt/BPt-1

in the formula: BPt represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the drill pump at a certain time t; BPt-1 represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the borehole pump at a time t-1 prior to time t; the unit of t is ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;

2) calculating the rising speed S2 of the LP in real time according to the obtained pressure LP in the riser:

S2=LPt/LPt-1

in the formula: LPt denotes the mud pressure in the riser at a certain time t; LPt-1 represents the mud pressure in the riser at a time t-1 prior to a time t; t is unit ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;

3) calculating the difference value of S1-S2 in real time, and judging whether the pump is dead or not according to the difference value:

(1) if the pressure is not less than n from S1 to S2, the high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is judged to be in an open state, the pump cannot be blocked, and the drilling pump can be started;

(2) if S1-S2 is larger than n, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are judged to be in a closed state, the pump possibly can be blocked, and the drilling pump cannot be started; and n is a set judgment value.

2. The method for predicting and judging prevention of pump failure in oil drilling engineering according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), if the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is not more than N, judging that a high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is in an open state, and starting the drilling pump; n is a set judgment value, and N < N.

3. The method for predicting and judging prevention of pump holding in a drilling well in the petroleum drilling engineering according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 3), if the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is larger than N, judging that a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are both in a closed state, and the drilling pump cannot be started; n is a set judgment value, and N < N.

4. A pump pressure protection system for preventing a drilling pump from being operated by mistake in petroleum drilling engineering comprises a controller and an execution mechanism, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with output signals of a vertical pipe pressure sensor and a pump pressure detection sensor, the control output end of the controller is connected with the execution mechanism, when the drilling pump is started, the controller executes a computer program of the prediction judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being held down according to signals of the vertical pipe pressure sensor and the pump pressure detection sensor, judges whether the drilling pump has the condition of being held down, and cuts off a control gas circuit or a circuit of the drilling pump to enable the drilling pump not to be started when the possible condition that the drilling pump is held down is judged to occur, so that the phenomenon that the drilling pump is held down due to misoperation is prevented.

5. The pump pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump in the oil drilling project according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: when the condition that the high-pressure valve is in a closed state and the drilling pump is dead is detected, early warning is sent out in time; and under the conditions that the high-pressure valve is detected to be in a closed state and the high-pressure pipeline has no pressure, opening the closed high-pressure valve and then starting the drilling pump.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a safety control technology of petroleum drilling engineering, in particular to a monitoring, preventing, judging and processing method for preventing misoperation of a drilling pump and a pumping pressure protection system.

Background

The drilling pumps used in oil drilling are equipped with a high pressure valve and a low pressure return valve. If the borehole pump fails and needs maintenance or low-pressure circulation operation, the high-pressure valve of the borehole pump is closed. After the maintenance or low-pressure circulation operation is finished, the closed high-pressure valve must be opened under the condition that the high-pressure pipeline is not pressurized, and then the well drilling pump is allowed to be restarted.

However, in actual operation, due to manual operation errors, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure water return valve of the drill pump are in a closed state, and the error operation of the drill pump is restarted. The error operation can cause the pumping pressure of the drilling pump to rise extremely rapidly at the moment, and finally, an extremely pump-holding (commonly called a pump-holding-dead) accident occurs.

The invention patent (patent number: 201811049380.2) previously proposed by the applicant provides a method for preventing the misoperation of a drilling pump in the petroleum drilling engineering, wherein a pressure sensor is respectively arranged on the drilling pump and a vertical pipe, and the pressure difference between the pressure of the vertical pipe and the pressure of the drilling pump is compared to judge whether the misoperation of the drilling pump occurs. However, this method has a certain limitation in practical application, and when the ranges of the pump pressure fluctuation and the vertical pressure fluctuation are large, the comparison difference between the pump pressure fluctuation and the vertical pressure fluctuation reaches a judgment value, and the system can misjudge that a pump-out accident occurs.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a prediction judgment method for preventing a drilling pump from being held back in a petroleum drilling project, which can effectively prevent misjudgment caused by large ranges of pump pressure fluctuation and vertical pressure fluctuation;

meanwhile, based on the prediction and judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being held back, the invention provides a pumping pressure protection system capable of preventing the drilling pump from being operated by mistake so as to effectively prevent and avoid the pump from being held back.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for predicting and judging prevention of pump holding-up of a drilling pump in petroleum drilling engineering is characterized in that when the drilling pump is started, a sensor and a controller are adopted to detect slurry pressure LP in a vertical pipe and slurry pressure BP at a water outlet of the drilling pump in real time, and the controller judges whether the pump holding-up condition of the drilling pump occurs or not by executing the following computer program:

1) calculating the rising rate S1 of BP in real time according to the obtained mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump:

s1= BPt/BPt-1; in the formula: BPt represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the drill pump at a certain time t; BPt-1 represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the borehole pump at a time t-1 prior to time t; the unit of t is ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;

2) calculating the rising speed S2 of the LP in real time according to the obtained pressure LP in the riser: s2= LPt/LPt-1; in the formula: LPt denotes the mud pressure in the riser at a certain time t; LPt-1 represents the mud pressure in the riser at a time t-1 prior to a time t; t is unit ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;

3) calculating the difference value of S1-S2 in real time, and judging whether the pump is dead or not according to the difference value:

(1) if the pressure is not less than n from S1 to S2, the high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is judged to be in an open state, the pump cannot be blocked, and the drilling pump can be started;

(2) if S1-S2 is larger than n, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are judged to be in a closed state, the pump possibly can be blocked, and the drilling pump cannot be started; and n is a set judgment value.

(3) If the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is not more than N, judging that a high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is in an open state, and starting the drilling pump;

(4) if the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is larger than N, judging that a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are both in a closed state, and the drilling pump cannot be started; n is a set judgment value, and N < N.

The input end of the controller is connected with output signals of a riser pressure sensor and a pumping pressure detection sensor, the control output end of the controller is connected with the execution mechanism, when the drilling pump is started, the controller executes the computer program of the prediction judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being blocked according to the obtained signals of the riser pressure sensor and the pumping pressure detection sensor, judges whether the drilling pump has the situation of the blocking pump (a high-pressure valve is in a closed state), and cuts off a control gas circuit or a circuit of the drilling pump to prevent the drilling pump from being blocked due to misoperation when the possible situation that the drilling pump is blocked is judged to occur.

The pumping pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump in the petroleum drilling engineering timely gives out early warning when the situation that the high-pressure valve is in a closed state and the drilling pump is blocked is detected; and under the conditions that the high-pressure valve is detected to be in a closed state and the high-pressure pipeline has no pressure, opening the closed high-pressure valve and then starting the drilling pump.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method for predicting and judging the pump holding-out prevention of the drilling pump utilizes the characteristic that the slurry liquid transmits pressure in a pipeline, and can accurately judge whether a high-pressure valve is closed by calculating and comparing the rate change difference of the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure of the slurry liquid by adopting the pressure sensor so as to ensure that the slurry pump cannot be operated by mistake when being started, the pump holding-out condition cannot occur, and the safety of petroleum drilling production is ensured.

2. According to the prediction and judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being held back, the pressure sensor is adopted to calculate and compare the change of the upstream and downstream pressure rates of the slurry liquid, and compared with the method adopting the pressure sensor to calculate and compare the change of the upstream and downstream pressure absolute values of the slurry liquid, the method can effectively prevent misjudgment caused by the fact that the upstream and downstream pressure fluctuation ranges are large.

3. According to the prediction judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being blocked, when the downstream pressure sensor is damaged, the speed change of the upstream pressure of the slurry liquid is calculated by adopting the pressure sensor, and whether the high-pressure valve is closed or not can be judged. Further ensuring that no pump lock-up occurs.

4. The pump pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump has reasonable design, is easy to realize and convenient to popularize, not only realizes the safety protection of the pump pressure, but also can effectively prevent the misoperation accident of the drilling pump. By utilizing the characteristic that the slurry liquid transmits pressure in a pipeline and calculating and comparing the speed change difference of the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure of the slurry liquid by adopting the pressure sensor, whether the high-pressure valve is closed or not is judged, and the occurrence of misoperation accidents of the drilling pump can be prevented.

5. According to the pump pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump, a new prediction judgment method for judging whether the drilling pump is blocked or not is adopted, so that whether the pump is blocked or not can be effectively monitored, and the reliability is high; the implementation does not need to change the hardware of the existing pumping pressure protection system, does not increase the equipment cost, is easy to realize, ensures the safe production of petroleum drilling and has better social and economic benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the pump pressure protection system (mechanical drilling pump) for preventing the drilling pump from being held;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pump pressure protection system (electric drilling pump) for preventing the drilling pump from being held.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below by means of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.