阅读说明：本技术 3d打印金属构件缺陷在线监测与分析装置及其控制方法 (3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device and control method thereof ) 是由 车长金 林晓梅 曲永印 林京君 孙浩然 于 2020-04-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于3D打印技术领域,公开了一种3D打印金属构件缺陷在线监测与分析装置及其控制方法,所述3D打印金属构件缺陷在线监测与分析装置包括：金属构件在线监测模块、金属构件光谱采集模块、主控模块、鉴定模块、构件模型构建模块、缺陷分析模块、缺陷评价模块、打印模块、数据存储模块、显示模块。本发明通过鉴定模块采用根据牌号规定生成虚拟样本的方式构造训练样本集,具有更好的使用便捷性和可扩展性、准确性；同时,通过缺陷评价模块采用本发明的技术方案,能可靠地、准确地评价金属3D打印件的内部缺陷对力学性能的综合影响,从而进一步评价选区激光熔化制备工艺参数的合理性。(The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and discloses a 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device and a control method thereof, wherein the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device comprises: the system comprises a metal component online monitoring module, a metal component spectrum acquisition module, a main control module, an identification module, a component model construction module, a defect analysis module, a defect evaluation module, a printing module, a data storage module and a display module. According to the invention, the identification module is used for constructing the training sample set in a mode of generating the virtual sample according to the brand regulation, so that the use convenience, expandability and accuracy are better; meanwhile, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the defect evaluation module can reliably and accurately evaluate the comprehensive influence of the internal defects of the metal 3D printing piece on the mechanical property, thereby further evaluating the rationality of the selective laser melting preparation process parameters.)

1. A control method of a 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, carrying out real-time online monitoring on a metal component by using online monitoring equipment through a metal component online monitoring module, and backing up monitoring data;

focusing the surface of the metal member by using the ultrashort pulse laser through the metal member spectrum acquisition module to form plasma, and acquiring the metal member spectrum data of the plasma emission spectrum;

controlling the normal work of each module of the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device by using a host through a main control module;

fourthly, focusing the surface of the metal member sample by using the ultrashort pulse laser through the identification module to form plasma, and further analyzing the emission spectrum of the plasma to determine the spectral data of the metal member sample;

step five, establishing an off-line brand identification model: analyzing element concentration intervals according to each grade in a grade library, generating random samples by adopting uniform distribution, and standardizing a data set of the generated random samples to ensure that the value range of the data on each element dimension is between [ -1,1 ];

training a grade identification model by using the standardized random sample data set to obtain an offline grade concentration identification model; the brand identification model is a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model;

step seven, identifying the actual metal brand: preprocessing and quantitatively analyzing LIBS spectral intensity data of a sample to be detected to obtain the concentration of chemical composition elements of the sample to be detected, comparing the concentration with an offline grade identification model to identify the grade of the metal component, and obtaining an identification result;

step eight, constructing a metal component model according to the acquired metal component spectrum data by using a modeling program through a component model construction module;

analyzing the defects of the metal component according to the constructed metal component model by using an analysis program through a defect analysis module, and generating a defect analysis report;

step ten, preparing a metal 3D printing stretching piece by using a selective laser melting method through a defect evaluation module by using metal preparation equipment with different volume energy densities, and measuring relevant parameters of the metal 3D printing stretching piece; the measured relevant parameters of the metal 3D printing stretching piece comprise the area of a pore defect, the density, the tensile strength and the elongation after fracture;

step eleven, calculating a defect influence factor according to the related parameters measured in the step nine; selecting a certain process parameter, preparing a metal 3D printing piece by using a selective laser melting method, and calculating the defect area ratio of the metal 3D printing piece;

step twelve, calculating an internal defect comprehensive evaluation index of the metal 3D printed piece by an evaluation program according to a defect analysis report and by using the obtained defect influence factor and defect area ratio, and realizing comprehensive evaluation on the defects of the metal component;

thirteen, 3D printing is carried out on the metal component according to the constructed metal component model by using a printing mechanism through a printing module, so as to generate a three-dimensional metal component;

fourteen, storing the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the comprehensive evaluation result by using a storage chip through a data storage module;

and fifthly, displaying the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the real-time data of the comprehensive evaluation result by using a display through a display module.

2. The control method of the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step six, the method for establishing the offline grade identification model comprises:

(I) obtaining the concentration interval of each grade analysis element in the grade library; expanding the element concentration interval of each grade analysis according to the proportion;

(II) generating a random sample according to the new concentration interval range; normalizing the concentration of the random sample;

and (III) training the grade identification model by using the standardized random sample data set to obtain an offline grade concentration identification model.

3. The control method of the 3D printing metal component defect on-line monitoring and analyzing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the identification method of the actual metal mark comprises the following steps:

(1) acquiring LIBS spectral intensity data of a sample to be detected by using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method; preprocessing original LIBS spectral intensity data to obtain normalized spectral intensity data;

(2) carrying out quantitative analysis on the normalized spectral intensity data to obtain the concentration of chemical composition elements of the sample to be detected;

(3) and (4) performing grade concentration comparison and identification on the quantitative analysis result by using an offline grade concentration identification model, and outputting an identification result.

4. The control method of the 3D printed metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device according to claim 3, wherein the raw LIBS spectral intensity data is preprocessed, and the normalized spectral intensity data is obtained by:

1) spectrum screening: calculating the sum of full spectrum intensity of each spectrum in the original data set, and then processing abnormal points of the sum of full spectrum intensity and the spectrum according to a threshold range to remove the spectrum intensity and the abnormal spectrum which is too low or too high;

2) normalization: and (3) normalizing the spectrum data after spectrum screening by using the full spectrum intensity sum to compensate the fluctuation of the spectrum intensity, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

wherein, I'_jRepresenting normalized spectral intensity data, I_jRepresents the original spectral intensity, I, of the spectrum corresponding to the wavelength j after screening_sRepresenting the sum of the full spectral intensities of the spectrally screened original spectra.

5. The control method of the 3D printing metal component defect on-line monitoring and analyzing device according to claim 1, wherein in the tenth step, the different volume energy densities are as follows:

a first volumetric energy density, a second volumetric energy density, a third volumetric energy density, a fourth volumetric energy density; the first volume energy density, the second volume energy density, the third volume energy density and the fourth volume energy density are different in volume energy density.

6. The method for controlling the apparatus for on-line monitoring and analyzing the defects of the 3D printed metal component according to claim 5, wherein the first, second, third and fourth volumetric energy densities are respectively set to be a lower volumetric energy density, a high volumetric energy density, a higher volumetric energy density and a proper volumetric energy density.

7. The control method of the device for on-line monitoring and analyzing the defects of the 3D printed metal component as claimed in claim 5, wherein at the first volume energy density, the internal defects of the metal 3D printed stretching piece are almost full pores; at the second volumetric energy density, the internal defects of the metal 3D printed tension member are almost full bubbles; under the third volume energy density, the internal defects of the metal 3D printing stretching piece are almost full cracks; and at the fourth volume energy density, the metal 3D printing stretching piece has no crack, no bubble and a small amount of pores inside.

8. The 3D printing metal component defect on-line monitoring and analyzing device applying the control method of the 3D printing metal component defect on-line monitoring and analyzing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 3D printing metal component defect on-line monitoring and analyzing device comprises:

the system comprises a metal component online monitoring module, a metal component spectrum acquisition module, a main control module, an identification module, a component model construction module, a defect analysis module, a defect evaluation module, a printing module, a data storage module and a display module;

the metal component online monitoring module is connected with the main control module and used for carrying out real-time online monitoring on the metal component through online monitoring equipment and backing up monitoring data;

the metal component spectrum acquisition module is connected with the main control module and used for focusing the surface of the metal component through the ultrashort pulse laser to form plasma and further acquiring the spectrum data of the metal component through the emission spectrum of the plasma;

the main control module is connected with the metal component online monitoring module, the metal component spectrum acquisition module, the identification module, the component model construction module, the defect analysis module, the defect evaluation module, the printing module, the data storage module and the display module and is used for controlling the normal work of each module of the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analysis device through a host;

the identification module is connected with the main control module and used for identifying the metal component brand through identification equipment;

the component model building module is connected with the main control module and used for building a metal component model according to the collected metal component spectrum data through a modeling program;

the defect analysis module is connected with the main control module and used for analyzing the defects of the metal component according to the constructed metal component model through an analysis program and generating a defect analysis report;

the defect evaluation module is connected with the main control module and used for comprehensively evaluating the defects of the metal component according to the defect analysis report through an evaluation program;

the printing module is connected with the main control module and used for performing 3D printing on the metal component through the printing mechanism according to the constructed metal component model to generate a three-dimensional metal component;

the data storage module is connected with the main control module and used for storing the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the comprehensive evaluation result through the storage chip;

and the display module is connected with the main control module and used for displaying the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the real-time data of the comprehensive evaluation result through a display.

9. A computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, comprising a computer readable program for providing a user input interface to implement the control method of the apparatus for on-line monitoring and analyzing defects of 3D printed metal components according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executed on an electronic device.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the control method of the 3D printed metal component defect on-line monitoring and analyzing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device and a control method thereof.

Background

3D printing (3DP), a technique for constructing objects by layer-by-layer printing using bondable materials such as powdered metals or plastics based on digital model files, is one of the rapid prototyping techniques, also known as additive manufacturing. 3D printing is typically achieved using digital technology material printers. The method is often used for manufacturing models in the fields of mold manufacturing, industrial design and the like, and is gradually used for directly manufacturing some products, and parts printed by the technology are already available. The technology has applications in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, construction, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic information systems, civil engineering, firearms, and other fields. However, the existing 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy cannot accurately identify the grade of the metal component; meanwhile, the comprehensive evaluation of the metal component defect cannot be reliably and accurately carried out.

In summary, the problems and disadvantages of the prior art are: the existing 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy cannot accurately identify the grade of the metal component; meanwhile, the comprehensive evaluation of the metal component defect cannot be reliably and accurately carried out.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a D-printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device and a control method thereof.

The invention is realized in such a way, the control method of the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device comprises the following steps:

firstly, the metal component is monitored on line in real time by an on-line monitoring device through a metal component on-line monitoring module, and monitoring data is backed up.

And secondly, focusing the surface of the metal member by using the ultrashort pulse laser through the metal member spectrum acquisition module to form plasma, and further acquiring the metal member spectrum data of the plasma emission spectrum.

And thirdly, controlling the normal work of each module of the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device by using a host through a main control module.

And fourthly, focusing the surface of the metal member sample by using the ultrashort pulse laser through the identification module to form plasma, and further analyzing the emission spectrum of the plasma to determine the spectral data of the metal member sample.

Step five, establishing an off-line brand identification model: analyzing element concentration intervals according to each grade in the grade library, generating random samples by adopting uniform distribution, and standardizing a data set of the generated random samples to ensure that the value range of the data on each element dimension is between [ -1,1 ].

Training a grade identification model by using the standardized random sample data set to obtain an offline grade concentration identification model; the brand identification model is a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model.

Step seven, identifying the actual metal brand: preprocessing and quantitatively analyzing LIBS spectral intensity data of a sample to be detected to obtain the concentration of chemical composition elements of the sample to be detected, comparing the concentration with an offline grade identification model to identify the grade of the metal component, and obtaining an identification result.

And step eight, constructing a metal component model according to the acquired metal component spectrum data by utilizing a modeling program through a component model construction module.

And step nine, analyzing the defects of the metal component by using the defect analysis module according to the constructed metal component model by using an analysis program, and generating a defect analysis report.

Step ten, preparing a metal 3D printing stretching piece by using a selective laser melting method through a defect evaluation module by using metal preparation equipment with different volume energy densities, and measuring relevant parameters of the metal 3D printing stretching piece; the measured relevant parameters of the metal 3D printing stretching piece comprise the area of a pore defect, the density, the tensile strength and the elongation after fracture.

Step eleven, calculating a defect influence factor according to the related parameters measured in the step nine; and selecting a certain process parameter, preparing a metal 3D printing piece by using a selective laser melting method, and calculating the defect area ratio of the metal 3D printing piece.

And step twelve, calculating an internal defect comprehensive evaluation index of the metal 3D printed piece by using the evaluation program according to the defect analysis report and the obtained defect influence factor and defect area ratio, and realizing comprehensive evaluation on the defects of the metal component.

And thirteen, carrying out 3D printing on the metal component by using the printing mechanism through the printing module according to the constructed metal component model to generate the three-dimensional metal component.

And step fourteen, storing the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the comprehensive evaluation result by using a storage chip through a data storage module.

And fifthly, displaying the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the real-time data of the comprehensive evaluation result by using a display through a display module.

Further, in the sixth step, the method for establishing the off-line grade identification model comprises the following steps:

(I) obtaining the concentration interval of each grade analysis element in the grade library; expanding the element concentration interval of each grade analysis according to the proportion;

(II) generating a random sample according to the new concentration interval range; normalizing the concentration of the random sample;

and (III) training the grade identification model by using the standardized random sample data set to obtain an offline grade concentration identification model.

Further, in the seventh step, the method for identifying the actual metal mark comprises the following steps:

(1) acquiring LIBS spectral intensity data of a sample to be detected by using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method; preprocessing original LIBS spectral intensity data to obtain normalized spectral intensity data;

(2) carrying out quantitative analysis on the normalized spectral intensity data to obtain the concentration of chemical composition elements of the sample to be detected;

(3) and (4) performing grade concentration comparison and identification on the quantitative analysis result by using an offline grade concentration identification model, and outputting an identification result.

Further, the preprocessing of the original LIBS spectral intensity data to obtain normalized spectral intensity data is as follows:

1) spectrum screening: calculating the sum of full spectrum intensity of each spectrum in the original data set, and then processing abnormal points of the sum of full spectrum intensity and the spectrum according to a threshold range to remove the spectrum intensity and the abnormal spectrum which is too low or too high;

2) normalization: and (3) normalizing the spectrum data after spectrum screening by using the full spectrum intensity sum to compensate the fluctuation of the spectrum intensity, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

wherein, I'_jRepresenting normalized spectral intensity data, I_jRepresents the original spectral intensity, I, of the spectrum corresponding to the wavelength j after screening_sRepresenting the sum of the full spectral intensities of the spectrally screened original spectra.

Further, in step ten, the volume energy densities with different heights are:

a first volumetric energy density, a second volumetric energy density, a third volumetric energy density, a fourth volumetric energy density; the first volume energy density, the second volume energy density, the third volume energy density and the fourth volume energy density are different in volume energy density.

Further, the first, second, third and fourth volumetric energy densities are set to be lower, high and higher volumetric energy densities, respectively, and a suitable volumetric energy density is adopted.

Further, at the first volumetric energy density, the internal defects of the metal 3D printed stretch piece are almost full porosity; at the second volumetric energy density, the internal defects of the metal 3D printed tension member are almost full bubbles; under the third volume energy density, the internal defects of the metal 3D printing stretching piece are almost full cracks; and at the fourth volume energy density, the metal 3D printing stretching piece has no crack, no bubble and a small amount of pores inside.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an online defect monitoring and analyzing apparatus for 3D printed metal members, which uses the control method of the online defect monitoring and analyzing apparatus for 3D printed metal members, wherein the online defect monitoring and analyzing apparatus for 3D printed metal members comprises:

the system comprises a metal component online monitoring module, a metal component spectrum acquisition module, a main control module, an identification module, a component model construction module, a defect analysis module, a defect evaluation module, a printing module, a data storage module and a display module.

The metal component online monitoring module is connected with the main control module and used for carrying out real-time online monitoring on the metal component through online monitoring equipment and backing up monitoring data;

the metal component spectrum acquisition module is connected with the main control module and used for focusing the surface of the metal component through the ultrashort pulse laser to form plasma and further acquiring the spectrum data of the metal component through the emission spectrum of the plasma;

the main control module is connected with the metal component online monitoring module, the metal component spectrum acquisition module, the identification module, the component model construction module, the defect analysis module, the defect evaluation module, the printing module, the data storage module and the display module and is used for controlling the normal work of each module of the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analysis device through a host;

the identification module is connected with the main control module and used for identifying the metal component brand through identification equipment;

the component model building module is connected with the main control module and used for building a metal component model according to the collected metal component spectrum data through a modeling program;

the defect analysis module is connected with the main control module and used for analyzing the defects of the metal component according to the constructed metal component model through an analysis program and generating a defect analysis report;

the defect evaluation module is connected with the main control module and used for comprehensively evaluating the defects of the metal component according to the defect analysis report through an evaluation program;

the printing module is connected with the main control module and used for performing 3D printing on the metal component through the printing mechanism according to the constructed metal component model to generate a three-dimensional metal component;

the data storage module is connected with the main control module and used for storing the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the comprehensive evaluation result through the storage chip;

and the display module is connected with the main control module and used for displaying the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the real-time data of the comprehensive evaluation result through a display.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, which includes a computer readable program, and when the computer program product is executed on an electronic device, a user input interface is provided to implement the control method of the apparatus for online monitoring and analyzing defects of a 3D printed metal component.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the control method of the apparatus for on-line monitoring and analyzing defects of 3D printed metal components.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the invention, the training sample set is constructed by the identification module in a mode of generating the virtual sample according to the designation regulation, so that a large amount of metal samples are not needed in the establishment process of the designation matching model, and a large amount of experiments are not needed to collect sample spectra, therefore, the method has better use convenience, expandability and accuracy; when a virtual sample is generated according to the designation of the brand, properly expanding the element concentration interval range specified by the brand, so that the final training set contains some samples which do not belong to the corresponding brand but are very close to each other; meanwhile, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the defect evaluation module can reliably and accurately evaluate the comprehensive influence of the internal defects of the metal 3D printing piece on the mechanical property, thereby further evaluating the rationality of the selective laser melting preparation process parameters.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a 3D printed metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a 3D printed metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. the metal component online monitoring module; 2. a metal component spectrum acquisition module; 3. a main control module; 4. an identification module; 5. a component model construction module; 6. a defect analysis module; 7. a defect evaluation module; 8. a printing module; 9. a data storage module; 10. and a display module.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for authenticating a grade of a metal component by an authentication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for establishing an offline license plate identification model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for comprehensively evaluating defects of a metal component according to a defect analysis report by an evaluation program according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, a control method of a 3D printed metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

s101, carrying out real-time online monitoring on the metal component by using an online monitoring device through a metal component online monitoring module, and backing up monitoring data.

S102, utilizing the ultrashort pulse laser to focus the surface of the metal component through the metal component spectrum acquisition module to form plasma, and further acquiring the metal component spectrum data of the plasma emission spectrum.

And S103, controlling the normal work of each module of the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analyzing device by using a host through a main control module.

S104, identifying the metal component brand by utilizing identification equipment through an identification module; and constructing a metal component model according to the acquired metal component spectrum data by using a modeling program through a component model construction module.

And S105, analyzing the defects of the metal component according to the constructed metal component model by using an analysis program through a defect analysis module, and generating a defect analysis report.

And S106, comprehensively evaluating the defects of the metal component by using the defect evaluation module and an evaluation program according to the defect analysis report.

And S107, 3D printing is carried out on the metal component according to the constructed metal component model by using a printing mechanism through a printing module, so as to generate the three-dimensional metal component.

And S108, storing the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the comprehensive evaluation result by using the storage chip through the data storage module.

And S109, displaying the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the real-time data of the comprehensive evaluation result by using a display through a display module.

As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus for online monitoring and analyzing the defect of a 3D printed metal component according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the system comprises a metal component online monitoring module 1, a metal component spectrum acquisition module 2, a main control module 3, an identification module 4, a component model construction module 5, a defect analysis module 6, a defect evaluation module 7, a printing module 8, a data storage module 9 and a display module 10.

The metal component online monitoring module 1 is connected with the main control module 3 and is used for carrying out real-time online monitoring on the metal component through online monitoring equipment and backing up monitoring data;

the metal component spectrum acquisition module 2 is connected with the main control module 3 and used for focusing the surface of the metal component through ultrashort pulse laser to form plasma and further acquiring the spectrum data of the metal component through the emission spectrum of the plasma;

the main control module 3 is connected with the metal component online monitoring module 1, the metal component spectrum acquisition module 2, the identification module 4, the component model construction module 5, the defect analysis module 6, the defect evaluation module 7, the printing module 8, the data storage module 9 and the display module 10, and is used for controlling the normal work of each module of the 3D printing metal component defect online monitoring and analysis device through a host;

the identification module 4 is connected with the main control module 3 and used for identifying the metal component brand through identification equipment;

the component model building module 5 is connected with the main control module 3 and used for building a metal component model according to the collected metal component spectrum data through a modeling program;

the defect analysis module 6 is connected with the main control module 3 and used for analyzing the defects of the metal component according to the constructed metal component model through an analysis program and generating a defect analysis report;

the defect evaluation module 7 is connected with the main control module 3 and is used for comprehensively evaluating the defects of the metal component according to the defect analysis report through an evaluation program;

the printing module 8 is connected with the main control module 3 and used for performing 3D printing on the metal component through the printing mechanism according to the constructed metal component model to generate a three-dimensional metal component;

the data storage module 9 is connected with the main control module 3 and used for storing the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the comprehensive evaluation result through a storage chip;

and the display module 10 is connected with the main control module 3 and is used for displaying the online monitoring data of the metal component, the acquired spectral data, the metal component model, the defect analysis report and the real-time data of the comprehensive evaluation result through a display.

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.