阅读说明：本技术 一种余热回收耦合太阳能水氢循环的船舶动力系统 (Ship power system with waste heat recovery coupled with solar water-hydrogen circulation ) 是由 王哲 韩凤翚 纪玉龙 于 2020-06-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种余热回收耦合太阳能水氢循环的船舶动力系统,包括：用于制氢的太阳能海水制氢系统,通过太阳能光伏发电装置为电解水反应器供电产生氢气和氧气；通过太阳能集热器为热分解水反应器供给热量产生氢气和氧气；废热回收蒸汽发电与富氧燃烧支路系统用于形成富氧空气通入船舶主机以及辅机锅炉,产生的废气热量用于加热蒸汽发生器接收的蒸汽形成高温高压蒸汽通入蒸汽轮机推动发电机进行发电；以及,船舶电力储备及动力系统用于储存电力并为电动机供电,与船舶主机一起供应船舶航行动力。本发明拥有多能互补优势具有能量综合利用,产氢、发电,多模式灵活转换以及高效稳定可持续等优点。(The invention provides a ship power system with waste heat recovery coupled with solar water hydrogen circulation, which comprises: a solar seawater hydrogen production system for producing hydrogen supplies power to an electrolytic water reactor through a solar photovoltaic power generation device to produce hydrogen and oxygen; supplying heat to the thermal decomposition water reactor through a solar heat collector to generate hydrogen and oxygen; the waste heat recovery steam power generation and oxygen-enriched combustion branch system is used for forming oxygen-enriched air to be introduced into the marine main engine and the auxiliary engine boiler, and the generated waste gas heat is used for heating steam received by the steam generator to form high-temperature high-pressure steam to be introduced into the steam turbine to push the generator to generate power; and the ship power storage and power system is used for storing power, supplying power to the motor and supplying ship sailing power together with the ship main engine. The invention has the advantages of multi-energy complementation, comprehensive utilization of energy, hydrogen production, power generation, multi-mode flexible conversion, high efficiency, stability and sustainability and the like.)

1. A ship power system with waste heat recovery coupled with solar water hydrogen circulation is characterized by comprising a solar seawater hydrogen production system, a waste heat recovery steam power generation and oxygen-enriched combustion branch system and a ship power storage and power system;

the solar seawater hydrogen production system for producing hydrogen comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation device (101), an electrolyzed water reactor (102), a solar heat collector (103), a thermal decomposition water reactor (104), a hydrogen storage side condenser (105), an oxygen storage side condenser (106), a hydrogen storage tank (107) and an oxygen storage tank (108); the solar photovoltaic power generation device (101) is used for receiving sunlight irradiation to generate electric power to supply power to the electrolyzed water reactor (102), hydrogen generated by the electrolyzed water reactor (102) is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank (107) for storage, and oxygen is introduced into the oxygen storage tank (108) for storage; the solar heat collector (103) is used for supplying heat of collected sunlight to the thermal decomposition water reactor (104), high-temperature hydrogen decomposed by the thermal decomposition water reactor (104) is cooled by the hydrogen storage side condenser (105) and then is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank (107) for storage, and high-temperature oxygen is cooled by the oxygen storage side condenser (106) and then is introduced into the oxygen storage tank (108) for storage;

the waste heat recovery steam power generation and oxygen-enriched combustion branch system comprises a fan (203), an auxiliary boiler (204), a marine main engine (205), a waste heat recovery network (206), a steam generator (207), a steam turbine (208) and a generator (210); oxygen in the oxygen storage tank (108) is mixed with air introduced by the fan (203) to form oxygen-enriched air, the oxygen-enriched air is respectively introduced into the marine main engine (205) and the auxiliary boiler (204) through pipelines to be combusted with fuel, and heat of exhaust gas generated by combustion is supplied to the steam generator (207) through the waste heat recovery network (206); the steam generator (207) is used for receiving the exhaust gas generated by the thermolysis water reactor (104), further heating the steam by the heat provided by the waste heat recovery network (206), forming high-temperature and high-pressure steam, introducing the high-temperature and high-pressure steam into the steam turbine (208), and working by the steam turbine (208) to drive the generator (210) to generate electricity;

the ship power storage and power system comprises a storage battery (301), a hydrogen fuel cell (302) and a motor (303) which are sequentially communicated; the storage battery (301) is used for receiving the power generated by the generator (210) and the hydrogen fuel cell (302) and the redundant power generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation device (101); the hydrogen fuel cell (302) is used for generating electricity by utilizing hydrogen and air provided by the hydrogen storage tank (107) or oxygen provided by the oxygen storage tank (108); the electric motor (303) is used for receiving the electric power supplied by the storage battery (301) and the hydrogen fuel cell (302) and supplying ship sailing power together with the ship main engine (205).

2. The heat recovery coupled solar hydronic marine power system according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery heat exchange network (206) comprises at least 3 heat exchangers, which are fed to the steam generator (207) by using seawater to recover waste heat in the thermal decomposition reactor (104), the marine main engine (205) and the auxiliary boiler (204), respectively.

3. The waste heat recovery coupled solar hydronic marine power system of claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery network (206) comprises a recuperator i, a recuperator ii, and a recuperator iii; waste gas generated by combustion of the auxiliary boiler (204) exchanges heat with seawater in the recoverer I and then continuously exchanges heat with waste gas generated by combustion of the ship main engine (205) received in the recoverer II, and finally high-temperature steam is formed and introduced into the steam generator (207); and the waste gas generated by the thermal decomposition water reactor (104) is subjected to heat recovery by the recoverer III and is transferred to seawater, and the seawater is heated into steam and then is introduced into the steam generator (207).

4. The marine power system with waste heat recovery coupled with solar water hydrogen cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyzed water reactor (102) is capable of receiving power from the solar photovoltaic power generation apparatus (101) and the storage battery (301).

5. The heat recovery coupled solar hydronic marine power system according to claim 1, wherein the battery (301) is used to power the electric motor (303), the electrolyzed water reactor (102), and the steam generator (207).

6. The ship power system with the waste heat recovery coupled solar water hydrogen cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery steam power generation and oxygen-enriched combustion branch system further comprises a steam condenser (209), and high-temperature and high-pressure steam is introduced into the steam turbine (208) for acting, then introduced into the steam condenser (209) for cooling and then discharged into seawater.

7. The waste heat recovery coupled solar hydronic marine power system according to claim 6, wherein the hydrogen storage side condenser (105), the oxygen storage side condenser (106) and the steam condenser (209) are seawater condensers, being plate fin, plate or shell and tube heat exchangers.

8. The marine power system with waste heat recovery coupled with solar water hydrogen cycle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a seawater filtering device (201) capable of filtering impurities in seawater, wherein the filtered seawater is pumped into the thermolysis water reactor (104) by a water pump (202); the fan (203) is an axial flow fan or a cross flow fan.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of waste heat recovery of a ship main engine, solar thermal power generation and solar water-hydrogen power circulation hydrogen production, in particular to a ship composite power system which can produce hydrogen by solar thermal and electrocatalysis on seawater and can utilize the waste heat recovery of the main engine to assist solar steam power generation.

Background

The development and utilization of sustainable energy is a major measure to meet the challenges of global warming and climate change by 2050, the global forecast will need to consume more than 4 × 10¹⁰kW energy source addresses the economic growth and environmental pressures brought by the expansion of the population. However, due to the characteristics of limited reserves, incapability of sustainable regeneration, great environmental damage and the like of the traditional fossil fuels, the traditional fossil fuels are gradually eliminated by human society in about 2050. Since 2020, the international maritime organization required the world shipping industry to enforce global sulfur emission limits of less than 0.5%, while it was necessary to reduce the carbon emissions of marine vessels by more than half before 2050. This is a major challenge for the current marine industry where most of the polysulfide, multiparticulate emissions of traditional heavy oils are used. Environmental pollution and climate warming bring huge pressure to marine environment, so that the optimization of energy use efficiency in ship power systems and sailing power demands, the reasonable development of high-efficiency clean energy power and related conversion technologies are key problems to be solved urgently at present.

Hydrogen is currently considered one of the most advantageous solutions to replace fossil fuels, being a clean, abundant, recyclable and environmentally friendly energy product. The combustion heat value is about 3 times of that of gasoline, is far higher than that of natural gas, is used for a fuel cell to only generate water, and can completely avoid the emission of sulfur oxides and particulate matters. In addition, hydrogen has many advantages, including its high mass density, high storage capacity, flexibility of use in various applications, particularly as a high energy carrier, and can be produced from a variety of energy sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, ocean, and hydro energy, among others. It is expected that most ships, automobiles and the like will select hydrogen as a main fuel within 30 to 50 years in the future. However, the storage amount of the free hydrogen in the natural state is very small, and how to produce the hydrogen by the enrichment and purification with low carbon and environmental protection is a big problem of popularization of the hydrogen energy. At present, the only industrially mature method for producing hydrogen on a large scale by human beings is chemical reformation of fossil fuel, and although the cost consumed by the actual hydrogen production in the process is gradually reduced, the carbon emission caused by unit hydrogen production is still huge. Internationally 94% of the hydrogen production comes from fossil fuels, 54% of which are natural gas, 31% of which are petroleum and 9% of which are coal. Because of abundant coal reserves in China, the hydrogen ratio of coal production exceeds 50%. Although hydrogen is a zero carbon energy source, the hydrogen production process emits large amounts of carbon dioxide, and thus, the hydrogen is still a high hydrocarbon, commonly referred to as "ash hydrogen". To realize low carbon and even zero carbonization in the whole life cycle of the hydrogen production process and obtain 'green hydrogen' in the true sense, non-fossil fuel is required to be used for directly producing hydrogen. The problems of large pollution emission, high power consumption, poor safety and economy and the like exist in water electrolysis, biological hydrogen production and the like, so that alternative methods for producing hydrogen with economy are urgently needed to be found.

The method for producing hydrogen by solar energy and the ship waste heat utilization process system have some patents. Like the hydrogen production by solar photochemical water decomposition, the utility model CN2012204748677U discloses an apparatus for producing hydrogen by coupling solar-driven photoelectrocatalysis degradation of organic pollutants, which explains that the apparatus utilizes the energy of sunlight, utilizes the organic pollutants in the waste water as an electron donor to carry out hydrogen production by photocatalytic water decomposition, and reduces water to produce hydrogen when organic waste is oxidized and degraded, thereby improving the hydrogen production efficiency and removing environmental pollutants. However, the amount and the type of the organic pollutants are not fixed, the catalyst is single, and the process lacks stability and cannot meet the requirements of large-scale application and development on ships. For example, the invention discloses a multi-disk solar heat-gathering coupling biomass supercritical water gasification hydrogen production system and method in patent CN102126704B, and provides a method for producing hydrogen-rich gas by supercritical water gasification of biomass through solar high-temperature focusing for purification and aggregation. However, supercritical gasification requires a harsh environment and continuous and efficient solar energy supply, and thus is difficult to scale up. For example, the solar photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production technology discloses a solar seawater electrolysis hydrogen production device in utility model CN203976930U, which adopts seawater as raw material and produces hydrogen through an electrolytic cell, an ion exchange membrane, a cathode gas collection device, an anode gas collection device and an electrolysis electrode. Although the photovoltaic power generation system has the advantages of low cost and pure nature without pollution compared with the traditional power supply by adopting electric power and electric energy, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is only about 10 percent, the power generation is unstable, the occupied space is large, and the efficiency is difficult to improve without being combined with other energy sources. For example, in the invention patent CN106523103A, a "marine diesel engine exhaust waste heat indirect thermoelectric device medium circulation system" is disclosed, which provides a thermoelectric power generation system using the waste heat exhausted by a main engine, and uses an array type hot semiconductor element and water cooling to dissipate heat. However, because the power of a single thermoelectric generation semiconductor is low, the heat loss of the array is large, the generated direct current electric energy needs to be transmitted by a transformer, and the stability is not high. In addition, like the organic rankine cycle technology of waste heat recovery, the utility model CN204960995U discloses a low-temperature waste heat organic rankine cycle power generation system, which adopts direct contact condensation, so that the investment cost is reduced and the investment recovery period is accelerated compared with the traditional organic rankine cycle power generation system. However, the direct contact type condensation is interfered by the external environment of the heat exchange medium, and has great influence on the system circulation and the power generation efficiency.

Summary of the prior art, most of the existing technical inventions are hydrogen production or waste heat recovery power generation concentrated in a high-energy-consumption single-energy system, the system equipment is simple, energy conservation and emission reduction optimization of multi-energy complementation cannot be performed, renewable energy utilization and new energy manufacturing are purely split, subsequent energy complementation and technical connection are not performed, hydrogen production and energy consumption are often large, power generation is unstable, process energy consumption is high, and the huge advantage of renewable energy and new energy complementation cannot be well reflected. The traditional technical mode cannot be well adapted to specific applications, more parameters cannot be considered simultaneously, and the evaluation on the availability of energy, the influence on the environment and the cost is relatively weak.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the technical problem that a large amount of energy is consumed due to the fact that the waste heat recovery, hydrogen production and power generation technologies cannot be used in an energy combined mode, the ship power system with the waste heat recovery coupled with the solar water-hydrogen circulation is provided. The invention takes solar energy heat and photovoltaic seawater hydrogen production as starting points, uses the recycling of the ship waste heat to couple solar energy hot water steam power generation as a breakthrough, breaks through the single function, the complex process and the extremely high cost of the traditional method of only photo-thermal hydrogen production, water electrolysis hydrogen production after photovoltaic power generation or pure power generation by the ship host waste heat, uses the ship host waste heat recycling to couple solar energy, uses a solar energy absorber to gather heat to catalyze the high-temperature decomposition of seawater to produce hydrogen, uses the electrolyzed water to produce hydrogen after solar photovoltaic semiconductor interface power generation, stores the hydrogen in a hydrogen storage tank, uses the solar energy absorber to produce high-temperature water steam to combine with the host waste heat to carry out steam turbine power generation, uses a hydrogen fuel cell to produce electricity, stores a storage battery, stores the produced oxygen and mixes the oxygen with air in a certain proportion to be introduced into the ship host and a, a set of system for efficiently utilizing energy of ship waste heat recovery coupled with solar energy water hydrogen power cycle power generation and hydrogen production is formed.

The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:

a ship power system with waste heat recovery coupled with solar water hydrogen circulation comprises a solar seawater hydrogen production system, a waste heat recovery steam power generation and oxygen-enriched combustion branch system and a ship power storage and power system;

the solar seawater hydrogen production system for producing hydrogen comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation device, an electrolyzed water reactor, a solar heat collector, a thermal decomposition water reactor, a hydrogen storage side condenser, an oxygen storage side condenser, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank; the solar photovoltaic power generation device is used for receiving sunlight irradiation to generate electric power to supply power to the electrolyzed water reactor, hydrogen generated by the electrolyzed water reactor is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank to be stored, and oxygen is introduced into the oxygen storage tank to be stored; the solar heat collector is used for supplying heat of collected sunlight to the thermal decomposition water reactor, high-temperature hydrogen decomposed by the thermal decomposition water reactor is cooled by the hydrogen storage side condenser and then is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank for storage, and high-temperature oxygen is cooled by the oxygen storage side condenser and then is introduced into the oxygen storage tank for storage;

the waste heat recovery steam power generation and oxygen-enriched combustion branch system comprises a fan, an auxiliary engine boiler, a marine main engine, a waste heat recovery network, a steam generator, a steam turbine and a generator; oxygen in the oxygen storage tank is mixed with air introduced by the fan to form oxygen-enriched air, the oxygen-enriched air is respectively introduced into the main engine of the ship and the auxiliary engine boiler through pipelines to be combusted with fuel, and heat of waste gas generated by combustion is supplied to the steam generator through the waste heat recovery network; the steam generator is used for receiving the waste gas generated by the thermal decomposition water reactor, further heating steam by the heat provided by the waste heat recovery network, forming high-temperature and high-pressure steam, introducing the high-temperature and high-pressure steam into the steam turbine, and pushing the generator to generate electricity by the work of the steam turbine;

the ship power storage and power system comprises a storage battery, a hydrogen fuel cell and a motor which are sequentially communicated; the storage battery is used for receiving the electric power generated by the generator and the hydrogen fuel cell and the redundant electric power generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation device; the hydrogen fuel cell is used for generating electric power by using hydrogen and air provided by the hydrogen storage tank or oxygen provided by the oxygen storage tank; the electric motor is used for receiving the electric power supplied by the storage battery and the hydrogen fuel cell and supplying ship sailing power together with the ship main engine.

Further, the waste heat recovery heat exchange network comprises at least one heat exchanger, waste heat in the thermal decomposition reactor, the ship main engine and the auxiliary engine boiler is respectively recovered by utilizing seawater, and the waste heat is introduced into the steam generator.

Further, the waste heat recovery network comprises a recoverer I, a recoverer II and a recoverer III; after heat exchange is carried out between the waste gas generated by combustion of the auxiliary boiler and the seawater in the recoverer I, heat exchange is continuously carried out between the waste gas generated by combustion of the ship main engine received in the recoverer II, and finally high-temperature steam is formed and is introduced into the steam generator; and the waste gas generated by the thermal decomposition water reactor is subjected to heat recovery by the recoverer III and is transferred to seawater, and the seawater is heated into steam and then is introduced into the steam generator.

Further, the electrolyzed water reactor may be capable of receiving power from the solar photovoltaic power generation apparatus and the storage battery.

Further, the battery is used to power the electric motor, the electrolyzed water reactor, and the steam generator.

Furthermore, the waste heat recovery steam power generation and oxygen-enriched combustion branch system further comprises a steam condenser, and high-temperature and high-pressure steam is introduced into the steam condenser after the steam turbine applies work and is discharged into seawater after the steam condenser is cooled.

Further, the hydrogen storage side condenser, the oxygen storage side condenser and the steam condenser are seawater condensers which are plate-fin, plate or shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

The device further comprises a seawater filtering device capable of filtering impurities in seawater, and the filtered seawater is pumped into the thermal decomposition water reactor through a water pump; the fan is an axial flow fan or a cross flow fan.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the ship power system with the waste heat recovery coupled solar water-hydrogen circulation provided by the invention abandons the existing pure technology of splitting renewable energy utilization and new energy manufacturing, and the high-energy-consumption single energy system for solar hydrogen production and waste heat recovery power generation does not have subsequent energy complementation and technical connection, so that the huge advantages of renewable energy and new energy complementation can not be well reflected, the power generation is unstable, the process is high in energy consumption, the traditional technical mode can not be well adapted to ship application, more parameters can not be considered at the same time, the availability of energy is relatively weak, the influence on environment and the cost evaluation are relatively weak.

2. The ship power system with the waste heat recovery coupled solar water hydrogen circulation provided by the invention combines various solar hydrogen production modes (water electrolysis and thermal decomposition) for complementary coupling, and utilizes the waste heat recovery technology to carry out steam turbine power generation, thereby making up the use of ship motors under the conditions of insufficient solar energy and insufficient hydrogen production capacity, and supplementing the power requirement of water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

3. The ship power system with the waste heat recovery coupled solar water-hydrogen circulation is different from a traditional motor and diesel host hybrid system, when solar energy is sufficient, the diesel host can run at low load or 0 load, and the ship power system is completely driven by a series of circulating ship entering power such as solar power generation and hydrogen production. When the solar energy is insufficient, the waste heat recovery system can also be used for feeding back the power system, so that the advantage of complementary and comprehensive utilization of energy is achieved.

4. Compared with the hydrogen production and oxygen waste of the traditional method, one part of the produced oxygen can be supplied to a fuel cell for power generation to carry out peak clipping and valley filling, and the other part of the produced oxygen can be used for oxygen-enriched combustion of a ship main engine and an auxiliary engine boiler to improve the efficiency of fossil fuel, so that the ship power system has the advantage of combined application of multiple technologies.

5. The ship power system with the waste heat recovery coupled solar water hydrogen circulation provided by the invention has multiple energy storage means of the hydrogen storage tank, the oxygen storage tank and the storage battery, can optimize the solar hydrogen production and electricity production process through multi-energy complementation and coupling, improves the economy of the traditional ship fuel by utilizing related waste heat recovery and oxygen-enriched combustion technologies, achieves high efficiency, no pollution and economy by optimizing and combining multiple technologies, and meets the requirements of electric power and hybrid power during ship running.

Based on the reason, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of ship multi-power systems, solar energy water hydrogen power and the like.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ship power system for waste heat recovery coupled solar water hydrogen circulation according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the waste heat recovery network.

In the figure: 101. a solar photovoltaic power generation device; 102. an electrolytic water reactor; 103. a solar heat collector; 104. a thermolysis water reactor; 105. a hydrogen storage side condenser; 106. an oxygen storage side condenser; 107. a hydrogen storage tank; 108. an oxygen storage tank; 201. a seawater filtration device; 202. a water pump; 203. a fan; 204. an auxiliary boiler; 205. a marine main engine; 206. a waste heat recovery network; 207. a steam generator; 208. a steam turbine; 209. a steam condenser; 210. a generator; 301. a storage battery; 302. a hydrogen fuel cell; 303. an electric motor.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.