阅读说明：本技术 一种同时提高冬瓜果实丙醇二酸含量和改善冬瓜果形的养分管理方法 (Nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing content of tartronic acid in white gourd fruits and improving shapes of white gourd fruits ) 是由 张白鸽 梁逸铭 何裕志 陈潇 余超然 宋钊 曹健 于 2020-04-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种同时提高冬瓜果实丙醇二酸含量和改善冬瓜果形的养分管理方法,包括向冬瓜植株施加含有氮、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、氧化镁和氧化钙的肥料。发明人通过实验发现,含氮、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、氧化镁和氧化钙的养分管理法通过促进糖类物质运输为膨果期冬瓜的果肉细胞膨大和果实产量与品质形成提供物质和代谢基础,从而一方面影响丙酮酸盐代谢,显著增加果实丙醇二酸的含量,使其含量提高近10倍；另一方面含氮、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、氧化镁和氧化钙的肥料能减少淀粉等糖类物质在叶片的积累,显著促进冬瓜植株叶片中光合产物向果实中运输,在提高冬瓜同化物利用的同时,使得冬瓜果肉细胞体积增加20％以上,果实横径长度增加了30％,进一步改善冬瓜果形,使得冬瓜果实呈长圆柱形,增强冬瓜的商品性。(The invention provides a nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing the content of tartronic acid in wax gourd fruits and improving the shape of the wax gourd fruits, which comprises the step of applying a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide to wax gourd plants. The inventor finds that a nutrient management method containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide provides a substance and a metabolic basis for pulp cell expansion and fruit yield and quality formation of wax gourds in the fruit expansion period by promoting carbohydrate transportation, so that pyruvate metabolism is influenced, the content of tartronic acid in fruits is obviously increased, and the content of tartronic acid in fruits is increased by nearly 10 times; on the other hand, the fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide can reduce the accumulation of saccharides such as starch and the like in leaves, remarkably promote the transportation of photosynthetic products in the leaves of wax gourd plants to fruits, increase the cell volume of wax gourd pulp by more than 20% while improving the utilization of wax gourd assimilates, increase the transverse diameter length of the fruits by 30%, further improve the shape of the wax gourd fruits, enable the wax gourd fruits to be in long cylindrical shapes, and enhance the commodity of the wax gourd.)

1. A nutrient management method for simultaneously improving the content of tartronic acid in white gourd fruits and improving the shape of the white gourd fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises applying a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide to a white gourd plant.

2. The nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing the tartronic acid content and improving the shape of white gourd fruits as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: comprises applying fertilizer containing 250-300 kg/ha of nitrogen, 100-150 kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide, 300-370 kg/ha of potassium oxide, 60-100 kg/ha of magnesium oxide and 100-255 kg/ha of calcium oxide to wax gourd plants.

3. The nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing the tartronic acid content and improving the shape of white gourd fruits as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: comprises applying fertilizer containing 267kg/ha of nitrogen, 130kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide, 350kg/ha of potassium oxide, 90kg/ha of magnesium oxide and 200kg/ha of calcium oxide to white gourd plants.

4. The nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing tartronic acid content and improving waxgourd fruit shape according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the fertilizer is applied for 3-5 times.

5. The nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing tartronic acid content and improving waxgourd fruit shape according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the fertilizer is at least one of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.

6. The nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing tartronic acid content and improving waxgourd fruit shape according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the application method of the magnesium oxide comprises the step of applying a base fertilizer to soil or preparing a magnesium oxide solution to be sprayed on the leaf surfaces of white gourd plants.

7. The nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing tartronic acid content and improving waxgourd fruit shape according to claim 6, characterized in that: the mass concentration of the magnesium oxide solution is 2-5%.

8. The nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing tartronic acid content and improving waxgourd fruit shape according to claim 6, characterized in that: the magnesium oxide is applied to the white gourd plants during planting and/or before the white gourd plants are planted and/or at the early stage of white gourd fruit setting.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant nutrient management, and particularly relates to a nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing the content of tartronic acid in wax gourd fruits and improving the shape of the wax gourd fruits.

Background

White gourd is an important medicinal and edible crop, and the annual sowing area of the white gourd in China is 500 ten thousand mu, which accounts for about 50% of the total planting area of the white gourd in the world. The south China is an important white gourd production base in China, and large white gourd is particularly reputed to the world and is a key planting crop for the pillar industry of south China vegetables and the poverty elimination and hardness elimination of planting households. Meanwhile, the white gourd is also a vegetable with the functions of losing weight and reducing fat which is popular with consumers, and the effective fat-reducing and weight-losing substance is a special organic acid substance of melons, namely tartronic acid, which can inhibit the conversion of saccharides into fat, and plays an important role in preventing the human body from getting fat, improving the body and building up body and health.

However, the human body cannot synthesize tartronic acid by itself, and people obtain tartronic acid by diet. Wax gourd is considered a crop rich in malonic acid. The method has important significance for increasing the functionality of the wax gourd and meeting the requirements of consumers by artificially improving the content of the tartronic acid.

Meanwhile, the shape of the white gourd not only affects the yield, but also affects the important indexes of quality evaluation, classification and grading of the white gourd. Moreover, abnormal fruit shape is often accompanied by a decrease in nutritional quality. In recent years, with the rapid development of deep processing of fruits and vegetables, mechanized peeling has raised higher requirements on the plump and regular shapes of white gourds.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a nutrient management method for simultaneously improving the tartronic acid content and the shape of a white gourd fruit.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing tartronic acid content and improving the shape of white gourd fruit comprises applying a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide to white gourd plants.

Preferably, the nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing the tartronic acid content and improving the shape of the white gourd fruit comprises the step of applying a fertilizer containing 250-300 kg/ha of nitrogen, 100-150 kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide, 300-370 kg/ha of potassium oxide, 60-100 kg/ha of magnesium oxide and 100-255 kg/ha of calcium oxide to the white gourd plant.

Preferably, the nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing the tartronic acid content and improving the shape of the white gourd fruit comprises the step of applying a fertilizer containing 250kg/ha of nitrogen, 100kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide, 350kg/ha of potassium oxide, 90kg/ha of magnesium oxide and 200kg/ha of calcium oxide to the white gourd plant.

Preferably, the upper fertilizer is applied for 3-5 times.

Preferably, the fertilizer is at least one selected from organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers.

Preferably, the application method of the magnesium oxide comprises applying a base fertilizer to soil or preparing a magnesium oxide solution to be sprayed on the leaves of the white gourd plants.

Preferably, the magnesium oxide solution has a mass concentration of 2% to 5%.

Preferably, the magnesium oxide is applied to white gourd plants during planting and/or before white gourd planting and/or at the early stage of white gourd fruit setting

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the inventor finds that the nutrient management method containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide provides a substance and a metabolism basis for pulp cell expansion and fruit yield and quality formation of wax gourds in the fruit expansion period by promoting carbohydrate transportation, so that pyruvate metabolism is influenced, the content of tartronic acid in fruits is obviously increased, and the content of tartronic acid in fruits is increased by nearly 10 times; on the other hand, the nutrient management method containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide can reduce the accumulation of sugar substances such as starch and the like in leaves, remarkably promote the transportation of photosynthetic products in the leaves of wax gourd plants to fruits, increase the cell volume of wax gourd pulp by more than 20 percent while improving the utilization of wax gourd assimilates, increase the transverse diameter length of the fruits by 30 percent, further improve the shape of the wax gourd fruits, enable the wax gourd fruits to be in long cylindrical shapes, and enhance the commodity of the wax gourd and the opportunity of later deep processing.

(2) The nutrient management method for improving the content of tartronic acid in the white gourd fruit and improving the shape of the white gourd fruit has the characteristics of low investment, simplicity in operation and high efficiency.

(3) The nutrient management method adopted by the invention can also reduce the fertilizer dosage, improve the fertilizer utilization rate and reduce the environmental pollution risk caused by unreasonable fertilization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a measuring part diagram of the transverse diameter of wax gourd fruit.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of the fruit shape, the fruit length and the fruit shape growth rate of wax gourd fruit obtained in example 1 and control group 1 with time, in which FIG. 2A is a graph showing the fruit shape of wax gourd fruit, and FIG. 2B is a graph showing the change of the fruit length and the fruit shape growth rate with time.

FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of pulp cells in the middle of wax gourd swelling period fruits in control group 1 and example 2, FIG. 3A is a scanning electron microscope image of pulp cells in the middle of wax gourd swelling period fruits in control group 1, and FIG. 3B is a scanning electron microscope image of pulp cells in the middle of wax gourd swelling period fruits in example 2.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the quality of sugar in wax gourd leaves and phloem of example 3 and control 1, in which FIG. 4A is a graph showing the content of sucrose in wax gourd leaves, FIG. 4B is a graph showing the content of starch in wax gourd leaves, and FIG. 4C is a graph showing the content of sucrose in wax gourd phloem.

Fig. 5 is a comparison group 1, example 1, a comparison group 3 and example 3 wax gourd pulp tartronic acid content HPLC detection, wherein fig. 5A is a comparison group 1 wax gourd pulp tartronic acid content HPLC chromatogram, fig. 5B is a comparison group 1 wax gourd pulp tartronic acid content HPLC chromatogram, fig. 5C is a comparison group 3 wax gourd pulp tartronic acid content HPLC chromatogram, and fig. 5D is a comparison group 3 wax gourd pulp tartronic acid content HPLC chromatogram.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the following examples or control groups, wax gourds of variety No. 2 with iron columns were planted, and the number of fertilizer application and the fertilizer application time for wax gourds cultivation were set according to conventional high-yield experience except as described below.