阅读说明：本技术 一种具有负压吸入功能的激光钻头 (Laser drill bit with negative pressure suction function ) 是由 闫静 王德贵 左永强 阎永宏 邓荣 于 2020-04-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种具有负压吸入功能的激光钻头,包括钻头体,钻头体内设置有激光系统、流体循环系统；钻头体上设置有多个刀翼,相邻两个刀翼之间形成排屑槽；排屑槽上开设有与激光系统相连通的激光出口、与流体循环系统相连通的水眼、排水口；激光出口、水眼分别位于两个相邻的排屑槽上；排水口位于刀翼上。利用钻头所带激光照射岩石并削弱岩石强度使岩石产生微裂纹,从而使钻头切削齿机械旋转破岩更易、更快；激光钻头具有的负压吸入功能,有助于井底破碎的岩屑及时运移,避免重复破碎,为激光照射提供洁净的井底环境,达到提高钻头破岩效率、延长钻头的使用寿命的作用。(The invention discloses a laser drill bit with a negative pressure suction function, which comprises a drill bit body, wherein a laser system and a fluid circulation system are arranged in the drill bit body; a plurality of blades are arranged on the bit body, and a chip groove is formed between every two adjacent blades; the chip groove is provided with a laser outlet communicated with the laser system, a water hole communicated with the fluid circulating system and a water outlet; the laser outlet and the water hole are respectively positioned on two adjacent chip grooves; the water outlet is positioned on the blade. The laser carried by the drill bit is utilized to irradiate the rock and weaken the strength of the rock so as to enable the rock to generate micro cracks, so that the mechanical rotation of the cutting teeth of the drill bit is easier and faster to break the rock; the negative pressure suction function that the laser drill bit has helps the broken detritus of shaft bottom to transport in time, avoids repeated breakage, provides clean shaft bottom environment for laser irradiation, reaches the effect that improves the broken rock efficiency of drill bit, extension drill bit's life.)

1. The laser drill bit with the negative pressure suction function is characterized by comprising a drill bit body (1), wherein a laser system (2) and a fluid circulation system (3) are arranged in the drill bit body (1); a plurality of blades (4) are arranged on the bit body (1), and a chip groove (5) is formed between every two adjacent blades (4); the chip groove (5) is provided with a laser outlet (6) communicated with the laser system (2), a water hole (7) communicated with the fluid circulating system (3) and a water outlet (8); the laser outlet (6) and the water hole (7) are respectively positioned on two adjacent chip grooves (5); the water outlet (8) is positioned on the blade (4).

2. The laser drill bit with the negative pressure suction function is characterized in that the laser system (2) comprises a channel (201), the channel (201) is communicated with the laser outlet (6), and an optical fiber I (202), an optical fiber slip ring (203), an optical fiber II (204), a laser alignment system (205), a laser head (206) and a protective mirror (207) which are connected in sequence are arranged in the channel (201); the protective glass (207) is positioned at the end of the laser outlet (6).

3. The laser drill with negative pressure suction function according to claim 2, wherein the fluid circulation system (3) comprises a main circulation system (310), a negative pressure circulation system (320) and a cleaning and cooling system (330); the main circulating system (310) is communicated with a water outlet (8); one end of the negative pressure circulating system (320) is communicated with the water hole (7), and the other end of the negative pressure circulating system is communicated with the main circulating system (310); one end of the cleaning and cooling system (330) is communicated with the laser system (2), and the other end is communicated with the main circulating system (310).

4. The laser drill bit with the negative pressure suction function as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the main circulation system (310) comprises a central flow passage (311) arranged along the central axis of the drill bit body (1), a branch flow passage (312) and an exhaust flow passage (313) are sequentially connected with the central flow passage (311), and the outlet end of the exhaust flow passage (313) is communicated with a water outlet (8).

5. The laser drill with the negative pressure suction function according to claim 4, wherein the negative pressure circulation system (320) comprises suction flow passages (321) with the number matched with that of the water holes (7), one end of each suction flow passage (321) is communicated with the water holes (7), and the other end of each suction flow passage is communicated with the discharge flow passage (313).

6. The laser drill with the negative pressure suction function according to claim 3, wherein the cleaning and cooling system (330) comprises a cleaning flow passage (331), a filter (332) and a spray head (333) which are arranged in the cleaning flow passage (331) in sequence along the water flow direction; one end of the cleaning flow channel (331) is communicated with the central flow channel (311), and the other end of the cleaning flow channel is communicated with the outlet end of the channel (201).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rock breaking tools, and relates to a laser drill bit with a negative pressure suction function.

Background

With the continuous deepening of exploration and development, the conventional PDC drill bit and the conventional roller bit have the problems of poor wear resistance of cutting teeth, easiness in collapse, slow mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit, low footage and the like when drilling hard bone strata which are difficult to bite, such as complex geological structure, high hardness, strong abrasiveness, poor drillability and the like, so that the continuous acceleration of drilling is seriously challenged.

The laser-mechanical combined rock breaking technology is a brand-new drilling rock breaking front-end technology, and is characterized by that the laser energy is applied to the rock surface by means of laser irradiation, so that the temperature field and stress field of rock are changed to produce microcrack, weaken rock strength, and then the mechanical impact or scraping rock breaking is matched to accelerate rock breaking and raise the drilling speed of drill bit in hard rock layer.

When drilling a stratum with high confining pressure and strong plasticity in drilling operation, rocks are difficult to break; the high pressure drilling fluid acting directly on the well bottom surface will further increase the rock plasticity and hold the bottom hole cuttings. Broken rock debris can not be carried away in time after being pressed and held by high-pressure drilling fluid at the well bottom, but is broken repeatedly, so that the well bottom is not clean, and a drill bit slips or has no footage; when the rock is broken by the combination of laser and machinery, the laser head can be polluted, the laser can be attenuated, and in severe cases, the laser device can be burnt or scrapped.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a laser drill bit with a negative pressure suction function, and solves the problem that broken rock debris cannot be carried away in time after being pressed and held by high-pressure drilling fluid at the bottom of a well in the prior art.

The invention adopts the technical scheme that a laser drill bit with a negative pressure suction function comprises a drill bit body, wherein a laser system and a fluid circulating system are arranged in the drill bit body; a plurality of blades are arranged on the bit body, and a chip groove is formed between every two adjacent blades; the chip groove is provided with a laser outlet communicated with the laser system, a water hole communicated with the fluid circulating system and a water outlet; the laser outlet and the water hole are respectively positioned on two adjacent chip grooves; the water outlet is positioned on the blade.

The invention is also characterized in that:

the laser system comprises a channel, the channel is communicated with a laser outlet, and an optical fiber I, an optical fiber slip ring, an optical fiber II, a laser collimation system, a laser head and a protective mirror which are connected in sequence are arranged in the channel; the protective glass is positioned at the laser outlet end.

The fluid circulating system comprises a main circulating system, a negative pressure circulating system and a cleaning and cooling system; the main circulating system is communicated with the water outlet; one end of the negative pressure circulating system is communicated with the water hole, and the other end of the negative pressure circulating system is communicated with the main circulating system; one end of the cleaning and cooling system is communicated with the laser system, and the other end of the cleaning and cooling system is communicated with the main circulating system.

The main circulating system comprises a central flow passage arranged along the central axis of the drill bit body, a branch flow passage and a discharge flow passage which are sequentially connected with the central flow passage, and the outlet end of the discharge flow passage is communicated with a water outlet.

The negative pressure circulating system comprises suction flow channels matched with the number of the water holes, one end of each suction flow channel is communicated with the water holes, and the other end of each suction flow channel is communicated with the discharge flow channel.

The cleaning and cooling system comprises a cleaning flow channel, and a filter and a spray head are sequentially arranged in the cleaning flow channel along the water flow direction; and one end of the cleaning flow channel is communicated with the central flow channel, and the other end of the cleaning flow channel is communicated with the outlet end of the channel.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the laser drill bit with the negative pressure suction function, the laser carried by the drill bit is utilized to irradiate the rock and weaken the strength of the rock so that the rock is microcracked, and therefore the mechanical rotation of the cutting teeth of the drill bit is easier and faster in rock breaking; the negative pressure suction function that the laser drill bit has helps the broken detritus of shaft bottom to transport in time, avoids repeated breakage, provides clean shaft bottom environment for laser irradiation, reaches the effect that improves the broken rock efficiency of drill bit, extension drill bit's life.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser drill with negative pressure suction function according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a laser drill with negative pressure suction of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluid circulation system in a laser drill bit with a negative pressure suction function according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser system in a laser drill with negative pressure suction function according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a main circulation system in a laser drill with negative pressure suction function according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative pressure circulation system in a laser drill with negative pressure suction function according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser drill internal cleaning and cooling system with negative pressure suction function according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a crown view of the main circulation system in the laser drill with negative pressure suction function according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a drill body, 2, a laser system, 201, a channel, 202, optical fibers I, 203, an optical fiber slip ring, 204, optical fibers II, 205, a laser alignment system, 206, a laser head, 207, a protective mirror, 3, a fluid circulation system, 310, a main circulation system, 311, a central flow passage, 312, a branch flow passage, 313, a discharge flow passage, 320, a negative pressure circulation system, 321, a suction flow passage, 322, a suction inlet, 330, a cleaning and cooling system, 331, a cleaning flow passage, 332, a filter, 333, a spray head, 4, a blade, 5, a chip groove, 6, a laser outlet, 7, a water hole, 8, a water outlet, 9, downhole rock and 10 annular spaces.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention discloses a laser drill bit with a negative pressure suction function, which comprises a drill bit body 1, wherein a laser system 2 and a fluid circulation system 3 are arranged in the drill bit body 1, as shown in figure 1. A plurality of blades 4 are arranged on the bit body 1, and a chip groove 5 is formed between every two adjacent blades 4. The blades 4 extend out of the bit body 1 to form an annulus 10 between the bit body 1 and downhole rock 9. During operation, the chip discharge grooves 5 and the annular space 10 are filled with broken rock debris. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the chip discharge slots 5 are provided with laser outlets 6 communicated with the laser system 2, water holes 7 communicated with the fluid circulation system 3, and water outlets 8, the laser outlets 6 and the water holes 7 are respectively positioned on two adjacent chip discharge slots 5, and the water outlets 8 are positioned on the blades 4.

As shown in fig. 4, the laser system 2 includes one or more channels 201, the channel 201 is communicated with the laser outlet 6, and an optical fiber I202, an optical fiber slip ring 203, an optical fiber II204, a laser collimation system 205, a laser head 206, and a protective mirror 207 are arranged in the channel 201 and connected in sequence. The protective mirror 207 is located at the laser exit 6 end.

The fluid circulation system 3 includes a main circulation system 310, a negative pressure circulation system 320, and a cleaning and cooling system 330. The main circulation system 310 is communicated with the water outlet 8; one end of the negative pressure circulating system 320 is communicated with the water hole 7, and the other end is communicated with the main circulating system 310; the cleaning and cooling system 330 is in communication with the laser system 2 at one end and the main circulation system 310 at the other end.

As shown in fig. 5, the main circulation system 310 includes a center flow path 311 provided along the central axis of the bit body 1, and branch flow paths 312 and discharge flow paths 313 connected to the center flow path 311 in this order. The branch flow passage 312 and the discharge flow passage 313 are L-shaped. The discharge flow channels 313 are distributed in the blades 4, outlet ends of the discharge flow channels 313 are communicated with the water discharge ports 8, and the gauge sections of the blades 4 can fully separate the discharge flow channels 313 from the chip grooves 5 on the bit body 1 besides the gauge protection. Most of the fluid medium in the drill pipe passes through the central flow passage 311, the branch flow passages 312 and the annular space 10 in sequence and returns to the surface for flowing circulation.

As shown in fig. 6, the negative pressure circulation system 320 includes suction channels 321 corresponding to the number of the water holes 7, the water holes 7 communicating with one end of the suction channels 321, and suction ports 322 communicating with the other end of the suction channels 321 and the discharge channels 313. A small amount of fluid medium in the well bore annulus 10 at the tail part of the drill bit enters the water hole 7, the suction flow passage 321, the suction port 322, the discharge flow passage 313 and the annulus 105 through the chip discharge groove 5 to circularly flow.

As shown in fig. 7, the clean cooling system 330 includes a clean flow path 331 communicating with the center flow path 311, and a filter 332 and a nozzle 333 sequentially provided in the clean flow path 331 along a water flow direction. Cleaning flow path 331 communicates with the outlet end of passage 201 near the end of nozzle 333. The fluid medium in the drill pipe flows through the central flow passage 311, and then sequentially enters the inlet of the cleaning flow passage 331, the filter 332, the cleaning flow passage 331 and the spray head 333.

As shown in fig. 8, in this embodiment, the space of the flute 5 is enclosed between the blade 4 with the cutting teeth 9 and the blade 4 with the blade number No.6, which are No.1-No.6 included in the blade 4, and the negative pressure cycle 320 is formed by taking the working rotation direction of the drill as the positive direction; in addition, a space for a chip discharge groove 5 is formed between the blade 4 with the cutting tooth 9 of No.1 and the blade 4 of No.2, and is a component of the laser system 2 and the cleaning and cooling system 330.

The invention discloses a using method of a laser drill bit with a negative pressure suction function, which comprises the following steps:

step 1; and debugging laser. Parameters such as irradiation time, laser distribution density, power, defocus amount, and the like of the laser head 206 in the channel 201 are adjusted by adjusting a laser amplifier of the laser and an optical assembly of the laser.

Step 2: the laser drill bit begins to drill and the bottom of the well is shaped.

And step 3: in the drilling process, laser energy is transmitted to the optical fiber slip ring 203 through the optical fiber I202 for action and static coupling conversion, then is transmitted out through the optical fiber II204 and then is supplied to the laser alignment system 205 for adjustment, then laser is emitted through the started laser head 206, passes through the opened protective mirror 207, is emitted through the laser outlet 6, and directly irradiates the surface of the downhole rock 9 to be crushed, the irradiated downhole rock 9 is heated rapidly, so that the temperature field and the stress field on the surface of the downhole rock 9 are changed rapidly, microcracks are generated, the strength of the downhole rock 91 is weakened, and the downhole rock 9 is crushed by the mechanical rotary cutting teeth 9 in the next step.

And 4, step 4: during the drilling process, the drill bit body 1 rotates under the action of the torque and the bit pressure transmitted to the drill bit by the drill rod, and drives the cutting teeth 9 on the blades 4 to scrape and cut and break the rock 9 at the bottom of the well, thereby generating broken rock debris.

And 5: in the primary circulation system 310, the fluid medium is conveyed to the central flow passage 311 through the inner cavity of the drill rod, enters the branch flow passage 312 in a flow dividing mode, and when passing through the inlet of the suction flow passage 321 at a high speed (negative pressure is generated in the suction flow passage 321 at the same time), the fluid medium mixed with the broken rock debris enters the discharge flow passage 313, is discharged through the discharge port and is sprayed around the drill bit body 1, and the broken rock debris returns to the ground through the well bore annular space 10 along with the fluid medium.

Meanwhile, in the negative pressure cycle 320, a small amount of fluid medium in the annulus 10 at the tail part of the bit body 1 enters the chip discharge groove 5, is mixed with broken rock debris in the chip discharge groove 5, is sucked by the water hole 7 under the action of negative pressure, enters the suction flow passage 321, flows out of the suction port 322, is mixed with the fluid medium in the discharge flow passage 313, is carried away, enters the annulus 10 from the discharge port of the discharge flow passage 313, and returns to the ground.

In the cleaning system 330, fluid medium is conveyed to the central flow passage 311 through the inner cavity of the drill rod, enters the filter 332 through the inlet of the cleaning flow passage 331 in a flow dividing mode for filtering, then enters the cleaning flow passage 331, cools the laser head 206 and the protective mirror 207, carries the laser, is sprayed out by the spray head 333, and enters the space of the chip groove 5.

Through the mode, the laser drill bit with the negative pressure suction function enables laser carried by the drill bit to irradiate on rock, weakens the strength of the rock and enables the rock to generate microcracks, so that the mechanical rotation of cutting teeth of the drill bit is easier and faster in rock breaking; the laser drill bit has a negative pressure suction function, is beneficial to timely migration of rock debris crushed at the bottom of a well, avoids repeated crushing, provides a clean bottom-of-well environment for laser irradiation, and achieves the effects of improving the rock crushing efficiency of the drill bit and prolonging the service life of the drill bit.