阅读说明：本技术 一种消除三角高程中丈量仪器高和觇标高误差的方法 (Method for eliminating errors of height of measuring instrument and height of target in triangular elevation ) 是由 舒明华 朱畅华 董万莉 张小蒙 于 2020-05-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种消除三角高程中丈量仪器高和觇标高误差的方法,通过在已知高程点A点和待测高程点B点之间选择观测点为C点,然后在C点分别对A点和B点进行观测,以确定待测高程点B点高程,本发明中的测量方法,取消了公式中需要使用的参数全站仪的高度i和觇标高度v从而不会出现全站仪的高度误差Δi,觇标高误差Δv,以实现消除误差的目的。(The invention discloses a method for eliminating errors of a measuring instrument height and a target height in a triangular elevation, which comprises the steps of selecting an observation point between a known elevation point A and a to-be-measured elevation point B as a point C, and then respectively observing the point A and the point B at the point C to determine the elevation of the to-be-measured elevation point B.)

1. A method for eliminating errors of a measuring instrument height and a target height in a triangular elevation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, defining the height point to be measured as B point and the height point as H_BAnother known elevation point is taken and defined as the corresponding elevation of the A point as H_ASelecting an observation point between the point A and the point B as a point C;

step 2, erecting the total station at the point C, leveling, taking a target M, standing the target M at the point B after the target height of the target M is fixed, measuring the target M at the point B through the total station at the point C to obtain measurement data 1,

and 3, keeping the total station at the point C in the step 2 still, moving the target M from the point B to the point A, measuring the target M at the point A through the total station at the point C to obtain measurement data 2, and processing the measurement data 1 and the measurement data 2 to obtain the height information of the point B.

2. The method of eliminating errors in gauge height and target height in triangular elevation of claim 1, wherein: the measurement data 1 in the step 2 is the detected horizontal distance D from the point C to the point B_CBVertical angle α detected from point C to point B₁Let the total station height i₁Setting the height V of the target M at this time₁And by detecting, the following can be obtained: h_B＝H_C+D_CB×tanα₁+i₁-v₁。

3. The method of eliminating errors in gauge height and target height in triangular elevation of claim 2, wherein: the measurement data 2 in the step 3 is a horizontal distance D between the point C and the point A_CAVertical angle α measured from point C to point A₂Let the total station height i₂The height of the target M is V₂And by detecting, the following can be obtained:

H_A＝H_C+D_AC×tanα₂+i₂-v₂

the data 1 and the data 2 are processed to obtain:

H_C＝H_B-D_CB×tanα₁-i₁+v₁＝H_A-D_CB×tanα₂-i₂+v₂

target height of target M is fixed, i₁＝i₂,v₁＝v₂(ii) a The derivation can be found in:

H_B＝H_A-D_CB×tanα₂+D_CB×tanα₁。

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering measurement, and particularly relates to a method for eliminating errors of a height of a measuring instrument and a height of a target in a triangular elevation.

Background

Triangulation is a method of determining the height difference between two control points by observing the horizontal distance and zenith distance (or elevation angle) between the two control points. The method is simple, is slightly limited by terrain conditions, and is a basic method for measuring the elevation of the earth control point. However, the measurement errors of the height of the instrument and the height of the target are large, and the influence on the height difference is also large; it follows that the measurement error of the instrument height and the target height is one of the more important types of triangulation errors. The method for eliminating errors of the height of the measuring instrument and the height of the target in the triangular elevation comprises the steps of setting a station between a known elevation point and an elevation point to be measured, fixing the height of the target, observing data, and applying a derivation formula to eliminate errors of the height of the measuring instrument and the height of the target, so that the measurement errors of the triangular elevation are greatly reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the triangular elevation is improved.

In the traditional measurement process, an elevation point to be measured is measured at an elevation point with a known height, and the elevation of a known point A is assumed: h_AAnd elevation of elevation point B to be measured: h_BAccording to the formula of the triangular elevation, the method can be known,

h_AB＝D×tanα+i-v

H_B＝H_A+h_AB

therefore H_B＝H_A+D×tanα+i-v

In the formula, i is the height of the instrument, v is the target height and is the observation vertical angle of the total station, D is the horizontal distance from the point A to the point B, and the above is a triangle elevation calculation formula.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method is used for eliminating errors of the height of the measuring instrument and the height of the target in the triangular elevation.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for eliminating errors of a measuring instrument height and a target height in a triangular elevation comprises the following steps:

step 1, defining the height point to be measured as B point and the height point as H_BAnother known elevation point is taken and defined as the corresponding elevation of the A point as H_ASelecting an observation point between the point A and the point B as a point C;

step 2, erecting the total station at the point C and leveling, taking a target M, fixing the target height of the target M, standing the target M at the point B, measuring the target M at the point B through the total station at the point C to obtain measurement data 1, wherein the measurement data 1 is specifically the detected horizontal distance D from the point C to the point B_CBFrom point C to point BDetected vertical angle α₁Let the total station height i₁Setting the height V of the target M at this time₁And by detecting, the following can be obtained:

H_B＝H_C+D_CB×tanα₁+i₁-v₁

and 3, keeping the total station at the point C in the step 2 still, moving the target M from the point B to the point A, measuring the target M at the point A through the total station at the point C to obtain measurement data 2, and processing the measurement data 1 and the measurement data 2 to obtain the height information of the point B. Data 2 is the horizontal distance D from point C to point A_CAVertical angle α measured from point C to point A₂At this time, the total station height i₂Setting the height V of the target M at this time₂And by detecting, the following can be obtained:

H_A＝H_C+D_AC×tanα₂+i₂-v₂

the measurement data 1 and the measurement data 2 are processed to obtain the height information of the B point as follows:

H_C＝H_B-D_CB×tanα₁-i₁+v₁＝H_A-D_CB×tanα₂-i₂+v₂

target height of target M is fixed, i₁＝i₂,v₁＝v₂(ii) a The derivation can be found in:

H_B＝H_A-D_CB×tanα₂+D_CB×tanα₁。

the station setting place of the point C is selected to be as middle as possible between the point A and the point B at the middle point of the point C and the point A and the point B in the step 1, and the station setting place of the point C is stable and fixed, and has good communication conditions with the point A and the point B; the target height is selected to meet the requirements that the targets are erected at the points A and B, and the total station can be completely seen through and can observe at the point C. And the target height is ensured to be constant all the time.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the measuring method of the invention cancels the parameters of the total station height i and the target height v which need to be used in the formula, thereby avoiding the height error delta i and the target height error delta v of the total station and realizing the purpose of eliminating the errors.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a conventional measurement method.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of point C.

Fig. 3 shows the measurement method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A method for eliminating errors of a measuring instrument height and a target height in a triangular elevation comprises the following steps:

step 1, defining the height point to be measured as B point and the height point as H_BAnother known elevation point is taken and defined as the corresponding elevation of the A point as H_ATaking the midpoint of the point A and the point B as an observation point C, wherein the point C is flat, stable and suitable for observation, and the total station can be in communication with the point A and the point B at the point C;

step 2, erecting the total station at the point C, leveling, taking a target M, fixing the target height of the target M, standing the target M at the point B, and defining the horizontal distance from the point C to the point B as a detection horizontal distance D_CBAnd the vertical angle detected from point C to point B is α₁Let the total station height be i₁Let the height of the target M be V₁And by detecting, the following can be obtained:

H_B＝H_C+D_CB×tanα₁+i₁-v₁

step 3, keeping the total station at the point C in the step 2 still, moving the target M from the point B to the point A, and defining the horizontal distance detected from the point C to the point A as D_CAAnd the vertical angle detected from the point C to the point A is α₂Let the total station height be i₂Let the height of the target M be V₂By detectingTo obtain:

H_A＝H_C+D_AC×tanα₂+i₂-v₂

step 4, deducing from the data measured in step 2 and step 3

H_C＝H_B-D_CB×tanα₁-i₁+v₁＝H_A-D_CA×tanα₂-i₂+v₂

The height of the instrument for the tumor is unchanged, and the target is the same target with the same elevation.

∴i₁＝i₂,v₁＝v₂；

The derivation can be found in:

H_B＝H_A-D_CB×tanα₂+D_CA×tanα₁in the above formula, HA is known, D_CB，D_CAα₁，α₂The method is directly measured by the total station observation, so that the purposes of eliminating instrument height error delta i and target height error delta v are achieved.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.