阅读说明：本技术 测量矢量随机电磁光场二维空间相干结构分布的方法 (Method for measuring two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of vector random electromagnetic light field ) 是由 董震 黄钊锋 陈亚红 王飞 蔡阳健 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种测量矢量随机电磁光场二维空间相干结构分布的方法,包括以下步骤：搭建测试光路；遮挡参考光,光探测器记录光强分布；转动四分之一波片,使其快轴方向与线偏振片的透光轴方向一致；遮挡待测矢量随机光,移除参考光的遮挡,光探测器记录光强分布；移除待测矢量随机光的遮挡,光探测器记录光强分布；转动四分之一波片,使其快轴方向与线偏振片的透光轴方向垂直；遮挡待测矢量随机光,移除参考光的遮挡,光探测器记录光强分布；移除待测矢量随机光的遮挡,光探测器记录光强分布；计算获得待测矢量随机光的振幅和相位。其能够测出矢量随机电磁光场的振幅分布和相位分布,测试速度快。(The invention discloses a method for measuring two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of a vector random electromagnetic light field, which comprises the following steps: building a test light path; blocking the reference light, and recording the light intensity distribution by the light detector; rotating the quarter-wave plate to enable the fast axis direction of the quarter-wave plate to be consistent with the transmission axis direction of the linear polarizer; shielding the random light of the vector to be detected, removing the shielding of the reference light, and recording the light intensity distribution by using an optical detector; removing the shielding of the random light of the vector to be detected, and recording the light intensity distribution by the optical detector; rotating the quarter-wave plate to enable the fast axis direction of the quarter-wave plate to be vertical to the transmission axis direction of the linear polarizer; shielding the random light of the vector to be detected, removing the shielding of the reference light, and recording the light intensity distribution by using an optical detector; removing the shielding of the random light of the vector to be detected, and recording the light intensity distribution by the optical detector; and calculating to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the random light of the vector to be measured. The method can measure the amplitude distribution and the phase distribution of the vector random electromagnetic light field, and has high test speed.)

1. A method for measuring two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of a vector random electromagnetic light field is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, a test light path is set up, the test light path comprises a linear polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, a first beam splitter, a light condensing element, a second beam splitter, a first light detector and a second light detector, reference light is modulated by the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate in sequence and then enters the first beam splitter, the modulated reference light and a vector to be detected are randomly combined by the first beam splitter to obtain combined light, the combined light is emitted by the light condensing element and the second beam splitter in sequence, a composite light field is output by the second beam splitter and distributed in an X-component light field and a y-component light field, the X-component of the composite light field is imaged on the first light detector, and the y-component of the composite light field is imaged on the second light detector;

s2, blocking reference light, enabling the random light of the vector to be measured to sequentially pass through a first beam splitter, a light condensing element and a second beam splitter, splitting the random light to be measured into first X-component light and first Y-component light by the second beam splitter, and shooting and recording light intensity distribution information I of the first X-component light by the first light detector_x(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the first Y-component light_y(r)；

S3, fixing the linear polarizer, and rotating the quarter wave plate to enable the fast axis direction of the quarter wave plate to be consistent with the transmission axis direction of the linear polarizer;

s4, shielding the random light of the vector to be detected, removing the shielding of the reference light, and shooting and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the second X component light by the first light detector_x ^R1(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the second Y-component light_y ^R1(r)；

S5, removing the shielding of the random light of the vector to be detected, and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the composite light field of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected in the X component by the first light detector_x ^C1(r), the second optical detector records light intensity distribution information I of the y component composite light of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected_y ^C1(r)；

S6, rotating the quarter-wave plate to enable the fast axis direction of the quarter-wave plate to be vertical to the transmission axis direction of the linear polarizer;

s7, shielding the random light of the vector to be detected, removing the shielding of the reference light, and shooting and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the third X component light by the first light detector_x ^R2(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the third Y-component light_y ^R2(r)；

S8, removing the shielding of the random light of the vector to be detected, and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the composite light field of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected in the X component by the first light detector_x ^C2(r) the second photodetector records the reference light and the random light of the vector to be measuredLight intensity distribution information I of y-component composite light_y ^C2(r)；

And S9, calculating to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the random light of the vector to be measured.

2. The method for measuring the distribution of the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure of the vector random electromagnetic light field according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating and obtaining the amplitude and the phase of the random light of the vector to be measured comprises the following steps:

s91, I obtained according to S5_x ^C1(r) and I_y ^C1(r) and S8 to obtain I_x ^C2(r) and I_y ^C2(r) calculating to obtain cross-correlation matrix elementsAnd

s92, calculating the light intensity cross-correlation of the incoherent superposition of the reference light and the vector measuring random light And

s93, obtaining the difference value delta G according to S91 and S92_xx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xx)、ΔG_xy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xy)、ΔG_yx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yx) And Δ G_yy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yy)，

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

s94, by modulating the difference Δ G in S93_xx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xx)、ΔG_xy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xy)、ΔG_yx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yx) And Δ G_yy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yy) Has a phase delay of 0 orAnd obtaining the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of the vector random light to be detected.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein S91 specifically includes:

the spatial correlation of the vector random light field is represented by a complex coherent matrix, and the matrix elements of the complex coherent matrix are as follows:

where the indices x and y denote the two mutually orthogonal components of the vector random light field,elements of the matrix representing the spectral density matrix, which can be used to characterize the second order statistical properties of the vector random light field, α { x, y },

E_x(r)、E_y(r) electric field vectors representing two components of the random light field, respectively;

S_x(r)＝<I_x(r)>＝|E_x(r)|²、S_y(r)＝<I_y(r)>＝|E_y(r)|²represents the spectral density;

electric field of composite light field in S5And the electric field of the composite optical field in S8Comprises the following steps:

according to the gaussian statistical theorem, the matrix element of the cross-correlation matrix of the composite light field in S5 and the composite light field in S8 is represented as:

wherein the content of the first and second substances, Δφ_αβα x, y represents the phase delay of the two reference fields,

4. the method according to claim 3, wherein the step S92 specifically comprises:

5. the method according to claim 4, wherein said S93 specifically comprises:

6. the method according to claim 5, wherein said S94 specifically comprises:

let delta phi_αβ0 or Δ φ_αβPi/2, the real and imaginary parts of the coherence matrix are obtained,

wherein, mu'_αβ(r₁,r₂) Representing the real part, mu, of a complex coherence matrix "_αβ(r₁,r₂) And representing the imaginary part of the complex coherent matrix to obtain the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of the random light field of the vector to be detected.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference light is emitted from a helium-neon laser.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the condensing element is a lens.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first photodetector is a CCD or a CMOS.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first light detector and the second light detector are of the same type and same parameters.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic light field measurement, in particular to a method for measuring two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of a vector random electromagnetic light field.

Background

The vector random electromagnetic field is a vector expansion of a scalar random optical field, and shows abundant polarization and coherence properties in the aspects of free space propagation, optical interference, interaction of light and substances and the like. The vector electromagnetic coherence theory plays a guiding role in describing the statistical characteristics of the vector random electromagnetic field, according to the vector electromagnetic coherence theory, a two-dimensional spatial coherence structure of the vector random electromagnetic field can be represented by a complex phase coherent matrix, the complex phase coherent matrix can describe the correlation between fluctuating light field components at a pair of points in detail, and the research on the complex phase coherent matrix is widely applied in the fields of crystal optics, incoherent light source reconstruction, optical imaging and the like. Unlike field coherence in scalar random fields, the complex coherence matrix of a vector random electromagnetic field not only includes the correlation between two different points in the same field, but also relates to the correlation between two orthogonal components at the same point.

Researchers find that the coherent structure of the vector electromagnetic light field can conveniently and effectively realize light field regulation and control by regulating the coherent structure and realize some peculiar transmission characteristics. Such as: in 2014, chen asia red et al proposed a partially coherent vector beam with a special spatial coherent structure, which shows extraordinary propagation characteristics in free space due to the particularity of the coherent structure: such a beam is unpolarized at the source but gradually exhibits enhanced polarization characteristics during propagation and exhibits a very pure radial polarization state with very low initial spatial coherence at the far field. The previous research on the vector light field coherent structure mainly focuses on the amplitude distribution of the coherent structure, but many recent researches show that the phase distribution of the spatial two-dimensional coherent structure also plays an important role in the research on the vector light field characteristics. Chen Asia red et al introduced a linear phase in the spatial coherence in 2019, and realized polarization self-drift in the free space transmission process of a vector random electromagnetic light field. In addition, many researches show that the amplitude and phase measurement of the complex phase interference matrix can be applied to researches such as image information encryption, crystal structure detection, living cell phase imaging, dynamic target tracking in complex media, incoherent light source recovery and the like.

Due to the important role played by the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure in the regulation and control of the vector random electromagnetic light field, the measurement of the spatial coherent structure distribution becomes a key and difficult problem in the research field. Up to now, methods for realizing the measurement of the spatial coherent structure are roughly two kinds of methods, i.e., a young's diplopore measurement method and a classical HBT (herbrenburvex) experimental method.

The first Young's diplopore measurement method is proposed in 2007 by Wolf, for a vector random electromagnetic field, amplitude information of a complex coherence matrix between different points can be measured by forming visible contrast of interference fringes through a traditional Young's diplopore experiment, and phase information can be obtained by measuring displacement of the interference fringes for multiple times; and the coherence between two orthogonal components at the same point is also recently measured by correcting the stokes parameter interference fringes formed by the young double-hole experiment. However, when the scheme is used for measuring the phase information of the vector random electromagnetic light field two-dimensional spatial coherent matrix, the Young double-hole interference fringes at different intervals need to be measured for multiple times, and the hole opening in the Young double-hole experiment needs to be very small, so that the optical efficiency of the system is influenced. Although there are some methods that can improve the limitations of the young's diplopore measurement in some aspects, these methods still have the inevitable disadvantages of low optical efficiency, difficult experimental operation, and long time consumption.

The second method is proposed by Friberg et al in 2011, and when a vector random electromagnetic field obeying gaussian statistics is measured, a classical HBT (han boli bransty wis) experimental method can be adopted, the principle is that the second-order coherence of the vector random electromagnetic field is restored by measuring higher-order coherence, the intensity cross-correlation of the random optical field is measured in the experiment, and a two-dimensional space complex phase coherent matrix is obtained by combining with the calculation of the gaussian statistics theorem. However, the classical HBT experiment can only measure the amplitude distribution of the complex coherent matrix, the phase information cannot be measured, and the time consumption is greatly increased by applying an algorithm to recover the phase information in the later period.

Chilobrachys jingzhao et al, in a patent [ Chilobrachys jingzhao, Chilobrachys, Queenfly, Chua Yangjia, a method for measuring complex phase dryness of a random light field by using light intensity correlation, national invention patent, CN201910791478.3], proposes a method for measuring complex phase dryness of a random light field by using light intensity correlation, but the method is only suitable for scalar light fields and cannot realize measurement of a two-dimensional coherent structure of a vector electromagnetic light field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for measuring the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of a vector random electromagnetic light field, which can measure the amplitude distribution and the phase distribution of the vector random electromagnetic light field and has high test speed.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for measuring the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of a vector random electromagnetic light field, which comprises the following steps:

s1, a test light path is set up, the test light path comprises a linear polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, a first beam splitter, a light condensing element, a second beam splitter, a first light detector and a second light detector, reference light is modulated by the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate in sequence and then enters the first beam splitter, the modulated reference light and a vector to be detected are randomly combined by the first beam splitter to obtain combined light, the combined light is emitted by the light condensing element and the second beam splitter in sequence, a composite light field is output by the second beam splitter and distributed in an X-component light field and a y-component light field, the X-component of the composite light field is imaged on the first light detector, and the y-component of the composite light field is imaged on the second light detector;

s2, blocking reference light, enabling the random light of the vector to be measured to sequentially pass through a first beam splitter, a light condensing element and a second beam splitter, splitting the random light to be measured into first X-component light and first Y-component light by the second beam splitter, and shooting and recording light intensity distribution information I of the first X-component light by the first light detector_x(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the first Y-component light_y(r)；

S3, fixing the linear polarizer, and rotating the quarter wave plate to enable the fast axis direction of the quarter wave plate to be consistent with the transmission axis direction of the linear polarizer;

s4, shielding the random light of the vector to be detected, removing the shielding of the reference light, and shooting and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the second X component light by the first light detector_x ^R1(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the second Y-component light_y ^R1(r)；

S5, removing the shielding of the random light of the vector to be detected, and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the composite light field of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected in the X component by the first light detector_x ^C1(r), the second optical detector records light intensity distribution information I of the y component composite light of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected_y ^C1(r)；

S6, rotating the quarter-wave plate to enable the fast axis direction of the quarter-wave plate to be vertical to the transmission axis direction of the linear polarizer;

s7, shielding the random light of the vector to be detected, removing the shielding of the reference light, and shooting and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the third X component light by the first light detector_x ^R2(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the third Y-component light_y ^R2(r)；

S8, removing the shielding of the random light of the vector to be detected, and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the composite light field of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected in the X component by the first light detector_x ^C2(r), the second optical detector records light intensity distribution information I of the y component composite light of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected_y ^C2(r)；

And S9, calculating to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the random light of the vector to be measured.

Preferably, the step of calculating and obtaining the amplitude and the phase of the random light of the vector to be measured includes the following steps:

s91, I obtained according to S5_x ^C1(r) and I_y ^C1(r) and S8 to obtain I_x ^C2(r) and I_y ^C2(r) calculating to obtain cross-correlation matrix elementsAnd

s92, calculating the light intensity cross-correlation of the incoherent superposition of the reference light and the vector measuring random light And

s93, obtaining the difference value delta G according to S91 and S92_xx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xx)、ΔG_xy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xy)、ΔG_yx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yx) And Δ G_yy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yy)，

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

s94, by modulating the difference Δ G in S93_xx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xx)、ΔG_xy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xy)、ΔG_yx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yx) And Δ G_yy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yy) Has a phase delay of 0 orAnd obtaining the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of the vector random light to be detected.

Preferably, the S91 specifically includes:

the spatial correlation of the vector random light field is represented by a complex coherent matrix, and the matrix elements are as follows:

where the indices x and y denote the two mutually orthogonal components of the vector random light field,elements of the matrix representing the spectral density matrix, which can be used to characterize the second order statistical properties of the vector random light field, α { x, y },

E_x(r)、E_y(r) electric field vectors representing two components of the random light field, respectively;

S_x(r)＝<I_x(r)>＝|E_x(r)|²、S_y(r)＝<I_y(r)>＝|E_y(r)|²represents the spectral density;

electric field of composite light field in S5And the electric field of the composite optical field in S8Comprises the following steps:

according to the gaussian statistical theorem, the matrix element of the cross-correlation matrix of the composite light field in S5 and the composite light field in S8 is represented as:

wherein the content of the first and second substances, Δφα_βα x, y represents the phase delay of the two reference fields,

preferably, the S92 specifically includes:

preferably, the S93 specifically includes:

preferably, the S94 specifically includes:

let delta phi_αβ0 or Δ φ_αβPi/2, the real and imaginary parts of the coherence matrix are obtained,

wherein, mu'_αβ(r₁,r₂) Denotes the real part, mu ", of the complex coherence matrix_αβ(r₁,r₂) And representing the imaginary part of the complex coherent matrix to obtain the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of the random light field of the vector to be detected.

Preferably, the reference light is emitted by a helium-neon laser.

Preferably, the light condensing element is a lens.

Preferably, the first photodetector is a CCD or CMOS.

Preferably, the first light detector and the second light detector have the same model and parameters.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention can respectively measure the distribution conditions of the real part and the imaginary part of the complex coherent matrix by utilizing the method of the intensity cross correlation of the random light field, so the method not only can measure the amplitude distribution of the vector random electromagnetic light field, but also can measure the phase distribution of the vector random electromagnetic light field by measuring the condition of the imaginary part of the complex coherent matrix.

2. The invention has simple light path, common optical devices, low cost, high measurement speed and high spatial resolution.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light path construction structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. random light of the vector to be detected; 2. a reference light; 3. a linear polarizer; 4. a quarter wave plate; 5. a first beam splitter; 6. a light condensing element; 7. a second beam splitter; 8. a first photodetector; 9. a second photodetector; 10. and (4) a computer.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a method for measuring two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of a vector random electromagnetic light field, which comprises the following steps:

s1, a test light path is set up, the test light path comprises a linear polarizer 3, a quarter-wave plate 4, a first beam splitter 5, a light condensing element 6, a second beam splitter 7, a first light detector 8 and a second light detector 9, reference light is modulated by the linear polarizer 3 and the quarter-wave plate 4 in sequence and then enters the first beam splitter 5, the modulated reference light 2 and vector random light 1 to be detected are combined by the first beam splitter 5 to obtain combined light, the combined light is emitted by the light condensing element 6 and the second beam splitter 7 in sequence, the second beam splitter outputs a composite light field which is distributed in an X component light field and a y component light field, the X component of the composite light field is imaged on the first light detector, and the y component of the composite light field is imaged on the second light detector;

the first beam splitter is a common beam splitter, and can uniformly split a beam of light into two beams of light or combine the two beams of light into a beam of light by coherent superposition. The second beam splitter is a polarization beam splitter, can divide one beam of light into an x direction and a y direction according to different polarization directions, and emits two beams of light with mutually orthogonal polarization directions.

S2, shielding the reference light, passing the random light of the vector to be measured through the first beam splitter, the light condensing element and the second beam splitter in sequenceThe first light detector shoots and records the light intensity distribution information I of the first X component light_x(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the first Y-component light_y(r)；

S3, fixing the linear polarizer, and rotating the quarter wave plate to enable the fast axis direction of the quarter wave plate to be consistent with the transmission axis direction of the linear polarizer;

s4, shielding the random light of the vector to be detected, removing the shielding of the reference light, and shooting and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the second X component light by the first light detector_x ^R1(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the second Y-component light_y ^R1(r)；

S5, removing the shielding of the random light of the vector to be detected, and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the composite light field of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected in the X component by the first light detector_x ^C1(r), the second optical detector records light intensity distribution information I of the y component composite light of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected_y ^C1(r)；

S6, rotating the quarter-wave plate to enable the fast axis direction of the quarter-wave plate to be vertical to the transmission axis direction of the linear polarizer;

s7, shielding the random light of the vector to be detected, removing the shielding of the reference light, and shooting and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the third X component light by the first light detector_x ^R2(r) the second photodetector photographs and records light intensity distribution information I of the third Y-component light_y ^R2(r)；

S8, removing the shielding of the random light of the vector to be detected, and recording the light intensity distribution information I of the composite light field of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected in the X component by the first light detector_x ^C2(r), the second optical detector records light intensity distribution information I of the y component composite light of the reference light and the random light of the vector to be detected_y ^C2(r)；

And S9, calculating to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the random light of the vector to be measured. For the calculation here, the calculation can be performed by the computer 10.

The method for calculating and obtaining the amplitude and the phase of the random light of the vector to be measured comprises the following steps of:

s91, I obtained according to S5_x ^C1(r) and I_y ^C1(r) and S8 to obtain I_x ^C2(r) and I_y ^C2(r) calculating to obtain cross-correlation matrix elementsAndthe method specifically comprises the following steps:

the spatial correlation of the vector random light field is represented by a complex coherent matrix, and the matrix elements are as follows:

where the indices x and y denote the two mutually orthogonal components of the vector random light field,elements of the matrix representing the spectral density matrix, which can be used to characterize the second order statistical properties of the vector random light field, α { x, y },

E_x(r)、E_y(r) electric field vectors representing two components of the random light field, respectively;

S_x(r)＝<I_x(r)>＝|E_x(r)|²、S_y(r)＝<I_y(r)>＝|E_y(r)|²represents the spectral density;

we use the electric field of two completely coherent vector reference light fields with controllable phase differenceAndis represented by the formula (I) in which R₁And R₂Electric fields respectively representing two vector reference light fields generated by the fourth and sixth steps in the above-described specific measurement step, the composite light field in S5And the electric field of the composite optical field in S8Comprises the following steps:

according to the gaussian statistical theorem, the matrix element of the cross-correlation matrix of the composite light field in S5 and the composite light field in S8 is represented as:

wherein the content of the first and second substances, andrespectively representing the intensity distribution in the x and y directions of the vector composite light field generated by the fifth step in the above-mentioned specific measurement steps,andthe intensity distributions in the x and y directions of the vector composite light field generated by the eighth of the above-described specific measurement steps are shown, respectively.

Δφ_αβα x, y represents the phase delay of the two reference fields,

in addition, the amplitude and phase information of the vector random optical field coherent matrix to be measured is contained inIn the last term of (1), the phase delay of the two reference optical paths can be controlled by delta phi_αβTo obtain the real part and imaginary part information of the complex coherent matrix, thereby obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the complex coherent matrix of the vector random optical field.

S92, calculating the light intensity cross-correlation of the incoherent superposition of the reference light and the vector measuring random light And

s93, obtaining the difference value delta G according to S91 and S92_xx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xx)、ΔG_xy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xy)、ΔG_yx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yx) And Δ G_yy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yy)，

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

s94, by modulating the difference Δ G in S93_xx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xx)、ΔG_xy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_xy)、ΔG_yx(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yx) And Δ G_yy(r₁,r₂,Δφ_yy) Has a phase delay of 0 orObtaining two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of vector random light to be detected, specifically comprising:

let delta phi_αβ0 or Δ φ_αβPi/2, the real and imaginary parts of the coherence matrix are obtained,

wherein, mu'_αβ(r₁,r₂) Denotes the real part, mu ", of the complex coherence matrix_αβ(r₁,r₂) And representing the imaginary part of the complex coherent matrix to obtain the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of the random light field of the vector to be detected.

The reference light is emitted by a helium-neon laser. The light-condensing element may be a lens. The first light detector is a CCD or a CMOS. The first light detector and the second light detector have the same model and parameters.

The invention is based on a generalized HBT experiment, introduces a pair of vector reference light fields, and measures the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution measuring device of the vector random electromagnetic light field by measuring the light intensity components of the vector random electromagnetic light field to be measured, the vector reference light field and the composite light field.

The He-Ne laser emits complete coherent polarized light with 632.8 nm wavelength in the y direction, the transmission axis of the polaroid 3 is set to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the x axis direction, and then the included angle between the fast axis of the quarter-wave plate 4 and the transmission axis of the linear polaroid 3 is adjusted to be 0 or pi/2. Then the vector random light beam emitted by the vector random electromagnetic light field light source 1 to be detected is combined by the first beam splitter 5 to generate a composite light beam. After imaging through a 4f optical system consisting of thin lenses with the focal length of 150 mm and the distance of 300 mm from the random light 1 of the vector to be measured and the quarter-wave plate 4, the light is divided into light field components in the x direction and the y direction by a second beam splitter 7, and light intensity distribution graphs of the x component and the y component of the light field measured for many times are respectively recorded and stored by a first light detector 8 and a second light detector 9 at the distance of 300 mm from the thin lenses. And obtaining the two-dimensional spatial coherent structure distribution of the detected vector random electromagnetic light field through operation.

The random light field light source 1 to be detected is prepared by a scheme for constructing a partially coherent special associated radial polarization vector beam in the paper Yang Chen, Fei Wang, Lin Liu, Chengl hong ZHao, Yangj ian Cai, Ol ga Korotkova, Generation and propagation of a partial lysine vector beam with special polarization functions, physical Review A89,013801 (2014). The CCD (charge coupled device) is a professional camera with the model number Grasshopper GRAS-20S4M, which is developed by Point Grey, and the specific parameters are horizontal resolution 1624, vertical resolution 1224 and frame frequency/line frequency 30 fps. The CCD (charge coupled device) is connected to a computer 10 equipped with software, named Point gray, supplied by pointgray, for observing and storing image information received by the CCD (charge coupled device); after the CCD (charge coupled device) is connected to the computer 10, the CCD (charge coupled device) is aligned to the measured light beam, and the Point gray software is turned on to record and save the received image information.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.