阅读说明：本技术 一种地动仪装置 (Seismograph device ) 是由 刘世刚 于 2018-10-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种复原张衡地动仪的方案。本发明根据中国古代文献记载中的线索,对张衡地动仪的内部结构进行分析、研究,提出了新的“柱—础结构复原方案”,完全满足“严格遵循科学原理、严密符合中国古代文献记载”的硬性要求,充分呈现了张衡地动仪的内部结构,解决复原张衡地动仪的历史难题。(The invention discloses a scheme for restoring Zhang Heng seismograph. The invention analyzes and researches the internal structure of Zhang Heng seismograph according to the clues recorded in the Chinese ancient documents, provides a new 'column-foundation structure restoration scheme', completely meets the rigid requirement of 'strictly following the scientific principle and strictly conforming to the Chinese ancient documents', fully presents the internal structure of Zhang Heng seismograph, and solves the historical problem of restoring Zhang Heng seismograph.)

1. A seismograph device, its characterized in that: comprises a shell, a jack post, a base, a channel, a joint, a machine, a dragon head model, a copper pill and a toad model; the base is centered at the bottom of the interior of the device.

2. A seismograph device according to claim 1, wherein: the lower ends of the pillars are hemispherical.

3. A seismograph device according to claim 1, wherein: the foundation base supports the column, and the upper end of the foundation base is in an inverted cone-shaped recess.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seismograph, in particular to a restoration scheme of a Zhang Heng seismograph.

Background

Zhang Heng seismograph is the first earthquake detector in the world, but because the seismograph original object and the manufacturing method are lost, the great science and technology mastery becomes mysterious and eternal legend. Over the past thousand years, many students in China and abroad make a lot of researches on the seismograph, try to restore the seismograph, respectively provide various restoration schemes or models, and have important influence on modern seismology, archaeology, geophysics, instrument science, scientific history research and the like. However, some key structures of these schemes or models do not closely conform to the ancient Chinese literature, many problems are not solved or explained sufficiently, and various problems or defects exist, causing numerous questions or objections, and serious divergence.

The "down-rod" restoration scheme proposed by Mr. Wang Zheng Mi has been completely denied.

Currently, the scholars propose a 'pendulous' restoration scheme, but the scheme is also widely questioned and objected.

To date, the academia has not widely recognized any solution or model for restoring a tensor seismograph.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is: the scheme for restoring the Zhang Heng seismograph is provided, and the Zhang Heng seismograph is restored.

The practical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the internal structure of Zhang Heng seismograph is established.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a seismograph device (hereinafter referred to as "the device") comprises a housing, a support, a base, a channel, a joint, a machine, a dragon head model, a copper pill and a toad model.

The housing distributes and fixes eight orientations, internally housing the poles, tracks, arms, machines and base for supporting the poles.

The lower ends of the columns are hemispheric; the upper ends of the pillars are unsupported and unfixed, the lower ends of the pillars are supported by the foundation base, and the contact parts are unfixed and movable.

The foundation base is a bearing component of all columns, and the upper end of the foundation base is in an inverted cone-shaped recess.

The channels are eight radial channels, each channel is divided into a column operation section and an arm-related operation section, and the channels are provided with overlapped parts; the operation sections of the columns are intersected at the center inside the shell and are centrosymmetric and uniformly distributed in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi'.

The said coupling is a rod-like member, like a latch, mounted for radial movement in the slot of the channel.

The machine is a member that can be deflected by a limited angle about a rotating shaft, holds the copper shot, and has a weight portion.

The dragon head model is used for accommodating, installing and hiding the machine. The copper pill is clamped in the dragon head model by a machine, and when released, the copper pill makes free falling motion to impact the toad model, so that the toad model makes a loud sound.

The toad models correspond to the dragon head models respectively, and each toad model is placed under each dragon head model.

All post, plinth, way, be related to, the machine is all installed in the inside of the device, dragon head model, toad model are in the outside of the device.

The following is a detailed description of the present invention.

1 ancient literature

The basis of the invention is ancient Chinese literature. The ancient chinese literature which details the seismograph of Zhangheng is known to be:

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[ Western jin ] Sciama (in the year-306)' the book of INK-Han: the tension balance is delicate and the process is ingenious. The seismograph is made of refined copper, has a round diameter of eight feet and a shape similar to that of a goblet, and is covered with a dome, decorated with seal characters, externally provided with eight Longshou herba Adianti copper pills and below provided with toads for bearing. The tooth hair machine is hidden in the goblet, so the tooth hair machine is dense and endless as a whole. The ground motivation is to give a sensation, the dragon is the vomiting pill, the toad is the mouth opening pill, the sound is vibrating and the driver feels. Namely, the province dragon machine, and the rest seven are not generated, so that the earthquake is known to be present. It is fit for spirit, and the morse in appearance does not take the curiosity of it, and it is not tasted since ancient times. "(Zhou Tian you Shu Yi Zhu of eight family's postHan book, page 443, 1986 edition)

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Yuan hong (328-376 years) of the anagham-Shudi era: "Heng-acting seismograph" is a copper instrument, round-diameter eight-square, shaped like a wine goblet, covered and filled with Longang, decorated with mountain, tortoise, bird and beast. The goblet is provided with a column, eight paths are arranged by rows, and a hair-cutting machine is applied; the external one is named as Bafang Meadowrue Zi Wan and Bufo siccus for bearing. The teeth are skillfully made and are hidden in the bottles. The opening and closing is covered by a cover, so the whole is ensured. When the goblet is shaken on the ground, the dragon starts to send pills, the toad opens the mouth and receives the pills, the pills vibrate (if the people feel that the dragon is saved, and the rest seven people do not send the pills, the people know that the earthquake starts and the people feel agreeable with the spirit. Since then, the earthquake history officer notes and notes the place. The observers will not take the curiosity. "(the Chinese book office 2002 edition" posthan era ", page 371-

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"south Chao" bright day (398-445) the book Zhang Chun of later Han dynasty: "Yangjiayuan years, compound weather seismograph. Casting with refined copper, cutting into eight feet, covering with a cover, forming like a wine goblet, and decorating with seal characters, mountains, turtles, birds and beasts; all columns in the middle, eight rows by side, and the application of the hair-cutting machine; there are Balongshou herba Adianti Bolus and Bufo siccus in the lower part. The tooth mechanism is skillfully manufactured, is hidden in the base and is covered with a secret cover. If there is land movement, the liver will vibrate and spit the pill, while the liver will vibrate and stimulate the voice, so the user will feel the sensation. Although one long hair starts and seven people do not move, it is known that the vibration exists. Check the course of the disease and agree with the spirit. Recorded in the book dictionary, there are no references. Tasting one dragon to be motivated to move without feeling, the scholars of Jing would like to be strange that it is not obvious, and later days, Ying and Guoshao earthquake Longxi all take the wonderful effect. After that, the stethoscopes are made to start moving. "(see the shadow print of Von Rui Mr. and Wuyuxia woman in 2003-12 months in the paper Zhang Heng waiting wind seismograph principle recovery research on page 376 of the No. 4 th period 358

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Description of the drawings:

since the basis of the invention is from ancient Chinese literature, the original content of the dialect in the literature must be cited.

1) The original content is free of punctuation marks, which are added in accordance with the present invention's understanding of the original content.

2) The "related" words in the literature are, for modern simplicity, the "off" words. The present invention recognizes that "word-related" should still be maintained.

3) Other complex characters in the literature have no special value, and are replaced by simplified characters for reading and understanding.

4) Evidence that Zhang Heng seismographs exist is not solitary evidence (detailed in at least three ancient documents).

Practical application of 2 seismograph

Correctly understanding, analyzing and judging the actual use of the seismograph in the period of east Han is the basis and premise of restoring the seismograph, and the direction and the result of restoration are determined.

It is thought that the purpose of a seismograph is to monitor earthquakes occurring in or near the region in which the seismograph is located. The present invention is against this point for the following reasons: since the seismograph does not have a function of predicting (or predicting) an earthquake, and also has a function of detecting a magnitude, a depth of a seismic source, and the like, it is meaningless and unnecessary to monitor a local area and a nearby area by the seismograph. In addition, in the ancient documents of china, only the seismograph is recorded for measuring the earthquake in a long distance area, but no record is provided for measuring the earthquake in the area or the nearby area.

Description of another angle: since the seismograph does not have the aforementioned function, if an earthquake occurs in a local area or a nearby area, one can immediately confirm the occurrence of the earthquake, why is the seismograph required? In the event of a major earthquake, who is also concerned about the state of the seismograph in the great panic and confusion at the critical moment of emergency escape? Then, what are the meanings and values of the local or peripheral regions monitored by the seismograph?

The invention considers that the actual application of the real seismograph is as follows: when a large-magnitude earthquake (reference magnitude of 6-7) occurs in a certain area far away from the place of the seismograph (reference distance of 300-600 km), the seismograph immediately responds and reports the direction of the earthquake.

The reason is as follows: before the seismograph came out, people in Beijing oper do not always feel a great earthquake when a large earthquake magnitude occurs in a certain area far away from the Beijing oper (ancient capital). If the earthquake is felt, the Beijing opers immediately think that the earthquake occurs (the ancient times do not have the concepts of epicenter, magnitude of earthquake, origin, intensity and the like); if there is no earthquake, it is impossible to know the earthquake occurred in a certain area immediately due to too far distance, and often after several days, it can only be known by bringing a message soon. Ancient traffic and communication methods are extremely lagged behind, and post house sending is the fastest and optimal. Zhang Heng invention seismograph, has changed this situation directly fundamentally: the seismograph is arranged at a Beijing teacher, a large-magnitude earthquake occurs in a certain area far away from the Beijing teacher, and even if the Beijing teacher has no earthquake feeling, the seismograph can respond immediately and show the earthquake in real time. In the shortest time, the person in charge of monitoring can immediately know the direction of the earthquake (to estimate the approximate area).

Citation: the Chinese ancient literature, posthan book Zhang Heng Chuan, records: "tasting one dragon to be happily but not to move, Jingshi (Luoyang, Henan, jin) scholars are salty and strange that they are not good, and later days later, Guoshisu Ganshizu (one area of Tianshui, Gansu, jin) all take their wonderful actions. The distance between the water and the water is about 600 kilometers. This indicates that the seismograph is indeed used to monitor earthquakes occurring at a distance from the seismograph.

3 most important structure of seismograph

As is well known, the "Duzhu" is the most important component in seismographs and is one of the key components, but the shapes, forms and structures of the components are not described or explained in detail in many ancient documents, so that numerous researchers have a dispute, which mainly includes two kinds of conjectures: the "pendulous pendulum" and "upright pole" (or "upright pole"), which has been completely negated).

The present invention recognizes that these scholars' view essentially distinguishes between a "hanging" or "upright" structure, whereas the "upright pole" solution belongs to only one of the "upright" structures. Although the "upright post" solution has been completely negated, it does not represent that other "upright structures" are also erroneous. In fact, there is another "vertical structure" that is perfect.

The invention provides a new restoration scheme, strictly follows the mandatory requirements of 'completely consistent with the records of ancient documents' and 'strictly follows the scientific principles', is named as a 'column-foundation scheme', also belongs to a 'vertical structure', and has some remarkable differences compared with a plurality of 'upright rod' schemes, specifically as follows:

in a column-based scheme

1) "Du post" is a solid cylinder and is large, absolutely not a "thin rod (or pole)".

2) The lower end of the "Du post" is hemispherical, rather than a transverse plane. This is a very specific and extremely important key. All other "down-post" solutions do not have this design. The hemispherical shape does not need to be particularly precise or perfect, one of the reasons being that it is easy to achieve (another reason will be described below), for example by hand grinding, using simple tools, that must be compatible with the state of the art of production, manufacturing and processing in the han dynasty. This is also extremely important and critical.

3) The special support member associated with the "Duzhu" is called the "base" (also known as "Foundation" \30990 "), whose upper end is a recess in the shape of an inverted cone, rather than a plain surface. This is also a very special and extremely important key component. All other "down-post" solutions do not have this component.

The 'column-foundation scheme' is inspired by the traditional Chinese architecture: the "column structure" usually implies an auxiliary support member "foundation". This is a key which is very easy to ignore but extremely important.

The lower end of each column is hemispherical: the friction is significantly reduced and other disadvantages are avoided. If the lower ends of the columns are transverse planes and the supporting surface is a general plane, when the columns are about to topple, the edges of the lower ends of the columns and the bottoms of the goblet bodies form tiny but actually not small resistance, so that the columns can be recovered (namely stably erected again), the lower ends of the columns can roll laterally, the columns can deflect or twist in the toppling process, and the toppling direction of the columns is finally changed completely. In early studies of earthquake research institute of tokyo university in japan, a phenomenon in which the toppling direction of the column is not consistent with the earthquake-causing direction occurred. The reason for the invention is carefully speculated, probably because the shape of the lower end of the capital column adopted by the university of tokyo at that time is a transversal plane, unlike the "column-foundation" proposed by the invention, and no specially configured foundation (which is a very important component) is adopted. In short, incorrect shapes and incomplete structures lead to incorrect final results. However, it must be noted that: the study of the university of tokyo has proved that the reasoning of "the column structure can feel earthquake" is correct.

The paper "principle recovery research of Zhangheng waiting wind seismograph" of the aforementioned Von Rui Mr. and Wuyuxia women indicates that: "strict perpendicularity of the plane of the lower end to the lever axis is the first problem encountered in finishing work, even though the machining deviation of the bottom edge cannot exceed 0.1mm for mr. royal bell upright levers, which was not achieved in … …" by the ancient technique. Numerous foreign scholars and von-Sharp beginners deny the principle of ' vertical pole ', and actually accomplish the reasoning that the lower end of the column cannot be a transverse plane '. The present invention fully approves of their demonstration process and conclusions. However, the lower end of each post may have other forms besides "transverse plane" and "truncated cone". Of course, "hemispherical" is the only thing true.

It is really very difficult to precisely machine the lower end of the capital into a plane strictly perpendicular to the capital axis using ancient techniques. This is undoubtedly true.

In contrast, it is much easier to make or machine the lower end of the post into a hemispherical shape, provided that the hemispherical shape does not need to be particularly precise or perfect.

In this case, why is not to choose an easy method? Is the lower end of the post not made or machined into a hemispherical shape? As far as the stable erection of the columns is concerned, specially configured foundation bases can be added to realize and guarantee. Is this structure not very similar to the traditional column structure of the Chinese building? The talent scientist Zhang Heng was inspired by the traditional fumigated pottery of Chinese architecture for a long time. However, many people who study seismograph rehabilitation seem to be less concerned about this ancient architectural tradition and its connotation.

Because the lower end of each column is hemispherical and the upper end of each column is free (namely, unsupported and unfixed), it is absolutely necessary to make the upper end of the foundation base into an inverted cone-shaped recess, which is a precondition and guarantee that each column can be stably erected. Based on this, the columns can be stably erected if and only if their axes are completely coincident with the gravity line (i.e., they are oriented toward the center of the earth and perpendicular to the absolute horizontal plane), regardless of whether the foundation is horizontal or not. This is very important. This means that slight unevenness of the base of the seismograph is allowed (due to production, manufacturing and processing techniques or the working environment).

That is, a seismometer of this construction can function normally in a near horizontal position (not necessarily on absolute horizontal planes; of course, if it can be placed on absolute horizontal planes for extended periods of time, it is best, but in fact, difficult to implement, especially over 1800 years ago). It must be emphasized that the pillars must be strictly perpendicular to the absolute horizontal plane. The fact is that when the seismometer is in the "sleeping position" (in fact, in the working position for monitoring earthquakes), the columns in the stable upright and resting position are vertical to an absolute horizontal plane, not necessarily to the base or bottom of the seismometer (which may or may not be).

The requirements for other types of seismographs are often high with regard to whether they are in absolute level. In contrast, the Zhang Heng seismograph is so excellent.

The sunken shape of the back taper of plinth upper end, opening angle have decisive influence to the sensitivity of shaking and the stability of erectting all of post. Because the foundation base is adopted, the sensitivity and the stability of the column do not depend on the length: the ratio of diameter "to" length: the ratio of bearing surface diameters "is related (but still influenced by the size of the diameter of the king post). It can be understood that the diameter of the supporting surface depends on the opening angle of the inverted cone-shaped recess because the lower end of each column is hemispherical. The smaller the opening angle is, the larger the diameter of the supporting surface is, and the lower the sensitivity is; the larger the opening angle, the smaller the diameter of the support surface and the higher the sensitivity. Up to now, no formula for calculating the opening angle degree has been found, but the optimal opening angle degree can be obtained through a plurality of experiments.

Because the inverted conical depressions reduce the center of gravity of the capital column to some extent, such foundation bases are beneficial to improving the erecting stability of the capital column.

The foundation has an important positioning function: each time the columniation is reset, the foundation automatically centers the lower end of the columniation in the bottom center of the interior of the seismograph without measurement and correction.

Given the material of construction that has been chosen to be bronze, the diameter of the poles determines their weight due to the limited height of the space inside the seismograph. The appropriate weight is beneficial to the sensitivity of the column to shock and the stability of the column to be erected:

1) sensitivity is affected by inertia and stability, while inertia depends on weight;

2) the heavier the column, the higher the stability of the erection, and the better the interference of non-earthquake factors, such as thunderstorm, storm, climate change, expansion with heat and contraction with cold, etc., can be eliminated.

However, too high stability necessarily destroys sensitivity; and if both columns are too light, they do not have sufficient force to push the other components while dumping. Thus, the weight of both columns must be adequate, neither too heavy nor too light. Then, it is obvious that "one thin rod" cannot satisfy such a requirement. Thus, the column can only be a relatively large solid cylinder.

The lower extreme that will all the post is made the hemisphere to make the weight of all the post suitable, adopt the upper end to be the sunken plinth of back taper, can greatly improve the sensitivity and the stability of all the posts simultaneously.

As can be seen above, the "column-based solution" is significantly different from the "upright pole solution". Therefore, many foreign scholars, as well as von keen criticism, are adapted to negate other "upright pole" solutions, and are not adapted to negate "column-based solutions".

In addition, the scholars have suggested that the configuration of the pillars may be "large-top-small-bottom" pillars (or large-top-small-bottom). The present invention opposes these viewpoints. The reason is as follows:

1) the technical difficulty of production, manufacture and processing is far greater than that of a solid cylinder with the same diameter from top to bottom.

2) "eccentricity" is liable to occur, which creates an unnecessary compromise to the correctness of the pouring direction of the columns.

3) It does not bring extra benefit and is unnecessary in Newtonian mechanics.

4 other key Structure of seismograph

Besides the city pole, there are other key components of seismographs that are described in ancient chinese literature.

For example: tracks, joints, and the like.

It is believed that the lanes should be construed as being provided to the channels associated with the upper ends of the stakes. There are a total of eight channels, each channel consisting of a lateral run and a fly-by run. The all-column operation section of the channel is hollowed out, and one end of the section is gathered at the center of the seismograph. The purpose of the tract is to provide a connection path between the all-posts and the links.

The toppling of the column is actually limited and slightly adjusted by the track. This is because an earthquake may occur in any direction, and the reported azimuth of the seismograph is only eight. This is another reason why the aforementioned hemispherical shape does not need to be particularly precise or perfect. The invention considers that if Zhangheng wishes, the reported orientation can be designed more, for example twelve or even sixteen, which is not impossible to realize (technically has no obstacle), but does not conform to ancient unadorned orientation concepts, and is not favorable for concise expression in language, so that the invention is unnecessary.

Rod-like members, which are to be interpreted as shaped like latches, are also derived from chinese architectural traditions. Are mounted on the track, independently of one another, from a total of eight pieces: the associated one end faces the column and the other end faces the machine. When the posts are all toppled, the posts push one of them, which in turn is articulated to the re-pushing machine. The related use is to transfer momentum.

A machine is to be understood as a member which can be deflected to a limited degree about a rotational axis, which member is a total of eight pieces, independent of each other. Its purpose is to hold the copper ball in the dragon mouth relatively firmly for a long time, and only when the seismograph senses that an earthquake occurs in an area far away from the seismograph, the machine is pushed by the linkage to release the copper ball to report the earthquake. The machine includes a counterweight portion that utilizes the lever principle to achieve a relatively stable grip of the copper ball for a long period of time.

In the ancient documents of the three countries, the components such as pillars, channels, links and the like are not explained and described, because in the building traditions and culture of the ancient China, the components belong to the common well-known matters which are very vivid and concrete, and the histologists and the literary scientists do not need to be explained or described in detail. However, in the long and remote history flood, the Chinese characters and the Chinese characters have been developed from ancient and traditional Chinese characters to today's simplified Chinese characters through the spreading and evolution of the ancient and traditional Chinese characters, and some original meanings and connotations fade, fade and run away unconsciously and gradually, even have great changes, so that people today feel unconscious, confused and puzzled, and are wide, profound and long-lasting.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the problem of serious historical difficulty in restoring the Zhang Heng seismograph is solved.

2) The restoring tension seismograph can be realized.

3) The invention is easy to implement and verify, has small production and manufacturing difficulty of each component, low requirement on processing precision and large allowable range of part size error, and meets the technical level of production, manufacturing and processing one thousand, eight and hundred years ago.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention: the part of the machine (6) extending into the device is a counterweight part.

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention: the central'm' -shaped is a column operation section of the channel and is an operation area of the column; for ease of distinction, contrast, only 3 channels in this figure draw the as-and-machine-related pushed sites, and the grid areas in the other 5 channels are run-segment-related, i.e., run-related, areas.

FIG. 3 is a seismic state of the invention.

The labels in the figure are:

(1) base of column (3) of shell (2)

(4) Track (5) grafting (6) machine

(7) Fixed shaft (8) copper pill (9) dragon head model

(10) Toad model (11) top cover

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, in the restored Zhang Heng seismograph device, the tunnel is installed at a higher position in the device; the column passes through the intersection center of the column operation sections of the road and vertically stands on a foundation base at the center of the bottom inside the shell; each lane is cut-free at its respective cutting edge; is adapted to be radially movable along the slot, has one end passing through the opening in the wall of the housing, is pressure-free connected to the pushed portion of the machine, has the other end facing the shank, and has a free end, the free end being free of air, the free end length being dependent on the free end length and the range of motion of the pushed portion of the machine; the dragon head model is hollow inside and can accommodate, install and hide the machine; the fixed shaft for the machine is arranged in the dragon head model, flexibly holds the moving range required by containing and releasing the copper pills, and determines the moving range of the pushed part of the machine and the deflection amplitude around the fixed shaft; the copper pill is clamped in the dragon head model by the machine; a toad model is placed under each dragon head; the top of the shell is covered with a top cover.

A restored Zhang Heng seismograph device is made of bronze; the size of the device: the diameter is about 60cm, namely the distance between the two dragon heads is about 60cm in the figure; the overall height of the device can be determined by the following formula: the height "≈ 0.618.

It is to be understood that the above description and drawings are only illustrative of some, but not all embodiments of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention; it is understood that all other embodiments obtained without making any inventive step are included within the scope of protection of the present invention; any modification, addition, removal, modification, replacement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention; the present invention may have various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention.