阅读说明：本技术 一种望远镜控制装置、系统、方法、存储介质、程序及应用 (Telescope control device, system, method, storage medium, program and application ) 是由 康喆 李振伟 刘承志 牛炳力 杨文波 马磊 于 2020-06-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于天文瞬变源的观测技术领域,公开了一种望远镜控制装置、系统、方法、存储介质、程序及应用,8套光学望远镜系统统一固定在多功能转台上,实现360°的旋转,实现全天区的不间断扫描。4套望远镜系统实现低仰角、宽带的扫描搜寻瞬变源天体的工作,对于高仰角及天顶的扫描搜寻瞬变源工作则由放置在底座2上的4套(每套2台)光学望远镜通过俯仰扫描的方式完成；通过优化控制及图像处理软件,利用望远镜装置的布局,实现对瞬变源天体开展全天区的实时监视搜寻工作。本发明成本降低,系统集成度更高、处理速度更快,与之前20套独立系统相比,本发明采用的集中控制方式,便于系统的集中控制,响应处理速度也会更快。(The invention belongs to the technical field of observation of astronomical transient sources, and discloses a telescope control device, a telescope control system, a telescope control method, a telescope control storage medium, a telescope control program and a telescope control application. 4 sets of telescope systems realize the work of scanning and searching the transient source celestial body with low elevation angle and broadband, and the work of scanning and searching the transient source with high elevation angle and zenith is completed by 4 sets (2 sets each) of optical telescopes arranged on the base 2 in a pitching scanning mode; by optimizing control and image processing software and utilizing the layout of a telescope device, the real-time monitoring and searching work of the whole day area of the transient source celestial body is realized. The invention has the advantages of low cost, high system integration level and high processing speed, and compared with the prior 20 sets of independent systems, the centralized control mode adopted by the invention is convenient for the centralized control of the system and has higher response processing speed.)

1. A telescope control method, characterized in that the telescope control method comprises:

firstly, uniformly fixing a plurality of sets of optical telescope systems on a multifunctional turntable, realizing 360-degree rotation and realizing uninterrupted scanning of a whole day area;

secondly, the multiple sets of telescope systems realize the work of scanning and searching the transient source celestial body at a low elevation angle and a broadband, and the work of scanning and searching the transient source at a high elevation angle and a zenith is finished by multiple sets of optical telescopes arranged on a base in a pitching scanning mode;

and thirdly, realizing real-time monitoring and searching work of the whole day area on the transient source celestial body by optimizing control and image processing software and utilizing the layout of the telescope device.

2. The telescope control method according to claim 1, wherein the telescope control method is used for realizing telescope optical systems with different monitoring fields of view by changing the size, the material and the structure of optical lenses of the telescope; the adjustment of the monitoring sky area of a single set of telescope is realized by changing the number of the telescopes.

3. The telescope control method as recited in claim 1, wherein the field of view of the 2 optical telescopes is 14 ° by 14 °.

4. A computer device, characterized in that the computer device comprises a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of:

step one, 8 sets of optical telescope systems are uniformly fixed on a multifunctional turntable, 360-degree rotation is realized, and uninterrupted scanning of a whole day area is realized;

secondly, 4 sets of telescope systems realize the work of scanning and searching the transient source celestial body at a low elevation angle and a broadband, and the work of scanning and searching the transient source at a high elevation angle and a zenith is finished by 4 sets of optical telescopes arranged on a base in a pitching scanning mode;

and thirdly, realizing real-time monitoring and searching work of the whole day area on the transient source celestial body by optimizing control and image processing software and utilizing the layout of the telescope device.

5. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:

step one, 8 sets of optical telescope systems are uniformly fixed on a multifunctional turntable, 360-degree rotation is realized, and uninterrupted scanning of a whole day area is realized;

secondly, 4 sets of telescope systems realize the work of scanning and searching the transient source celestial body at a low elevation angle and a broadband, and the work of scanning and searching the transient source at a high elevation angle and a zenith is finished by 4 sets of optical telescopes arranged on a base in a pitching scanning mode;

and thirdly, realizing real-time monitoring and searching work of the whole day area on the transient source celestial body by optimizing control and image processing software and utilizing the layout of the telescope device.

6. A telescope control system for operating the telescope control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the telescope control system comprising:

the telescope system module is used for realizing monitoring and searching of different monitoring fields;

the control system module is used for realizing the searching speed of the monitored target by adjusting the rotating speed and the rotating direction/direction of the telescope;

and the image data processing module is used for realizing target identification by optimizing the algorithm of the image processing software.

7. A telescope control apparatus equipped with the telescope control system according to claim 6, wherein the telescope control apparatus is provided with:

a base;

the multifunctional turntable is rotationally fixed on the base, a first equatorial instrument support and a second equatorial instrument support are rotationally fixed on the multifunctional turntable, the second equatorial instrument support is arranged on the inner side of the first equatorial instrument support, and the number of the first equatorial instrument support and the number of the second equatorial instrument support are four and are uniformly arranged at 90 degrees;

the second equatorial telescope support is higher than the first equatorial telescope support, and the first equatorial telescope support and the second equatorial telescope support are both provided with a telescope.

8. The telescope control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the number of telescopes on the first equatorial mount or the second equatorial mount is 1-4.

9. The telescope control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the telescope is provided with a lens barrel, and an optical lens is engaged with a front end of an inner side of the lens barrel;

the aperture of the telescope is 15cm, the optical lens substrate is K9 glass, quartz glass or fluoride glass, and the number of the optical lenses is 1-10; the optical field of view of the telescope is 14 degrees or 14 degrees; the aperture and the view field of the telescope are both variable, and the change of the view field changes along with the change of the aperture.

10. An observation terminal of an astronomical transient source, characterized in that the observation terminal of the astronomical transient source is provided with the telescope control device of any one of claims 7-9.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of observation of astronomical transient sources, and particularly relates to a telescope control device, a telescope control system, a telescope control method, a telescope control storage medium, a telescope control program and application.

Background

In recent years, observation and study of astronomical transient sources have become increasingly important in the study of modern time domain astronomy. Transient source refers to a sporadic, transient, aperiodic astronomical phenomenon. From observation, it lasts on a time scale from seconds to weeks or even months. At present, known transient sources mainly include astronomical events such as supernova, gamma storm, micro-gravity lens, black hole collapsed stars and electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves. Gamma-ray burst (GRB), referred to as Gamma storm, is a typical source celestial body of transients. It is a phenomenon of sudden enhancement of short-time-scale gamma rays from deep in the universe and is also the most violent explosion phenomenon after a major explosion in the universe. The duration of the light source according to the duration time scale T90 (the time of photon number accumulation counting from 5% to 95%) can be divided into two types of long storm (T90>2s) and short storm (T90<2 s). It is generally believed that long storms originate from the collapse of large mass stars, while short storms originate from the union of double dense stars. In addition to the transient gamma radiation, after its exposure there is also an afterglow phenomenon in the X-ray, optical and radio-electric bands, which lasts on a timescale that can range from weeks to months and even up to years. Therefore, the generation processes of dense celestial bodies, gravitational wave radiation, relativistic shock waves and extremely high-energy cosmic rays can be further researched by researching the gamma storm and the afterexposure phenomenon thereof, and the work of carrying out high-precision inspection on the basic physical principle can be further researched. Since gamma-ray is difficult to predict both temporally and spatially, high frequency all-day monitoring is required with large field-of-view optical telescopes in order to be able to capture the signal in time. With the development of modern astronomical observation technology and data processing technology, more and more transient source celestial bodies are detected, which also makes the observation and research of the transient source become the focus of astronomical attention.

At present, a Wide-field transient source sky-tracking device foundation Wide-Angle Camera array (GWAC) of a national astronomical platform prosperous base is built for the sky-tracking observation and research of a transient source celestial body. GWAC is used primarily to observe optical band radiation within 5 minutes before and 15 minutes after an outbreak of GRB. The system consists of 40 wide-angle telescopes with the aperture of 18 cm, the visual field of each telescope can reach 150 square degrees, scientific grade CCD cameras with large target surfaces (4k x 4k) are all equipped, and the total visual field can reach 5000 square degrees. Therefore, 2 telescopes and 40 telescopes which are arranged on each rack need 20 racks, and compared with the whole system, the structure improves the flexibility of the system, but increases the difficulty of controlling the system, and greatly increases the construction cost of the system. Therefore, it is very important to design a new construction method of the telescope group.

In order to perform the observation and research of the transient source celestial body on the sky, scientific researchers in China have proposed to use a wide-angle camera array to carry out related research. One of The related arts, The mini-GWAC optical focus-up of transient angles from The O2 cameras and projects for The up communications O3run, res.astron.astrophys,20(1),13(2020), national astronomy base proposed to build Wide-field transient source sky equipment base Wide Angle Camera array (GWAC) for relevant work research. GWAC is used primarily to observe optical band radiation within 5 minutes before and 15 minutes after an outbreak of GRB. The system consists of 40 wide-angle telescopes with the aperture of 18 cm, the visual field of each telescope can reach 150 square degrees, scientific grade CCD cameras with large target surfaces (4k x 4k) are all equipped, and the total visual field can reach 5000 square degrees. Currently, relevant research data has been obtained using this system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a telescope control device, a telescope control system, a telescope control method, a telescope control storage medium, a telescope control program and application.

The invention is realized in such a way that a telescope control method comprises the following steps:

in the first step, 8 sets of optical telescope systems are uniformly fixed on a multifunctional turntable, 360-degree rotation is realized, and uninterrupted scanning of a whole day area is realized.

Secondly, 4 sets of telescope systems realize the work of scanning and searching the transient source celestial body at a low elevation angle and a broadband, and the work of scanning and searching the transient source at a high elevation angle and a zenith is finished by 4 sets (2 sets each) of optical telescopes arranged on the base 2 in a pitching scanning mode;

and thirdly, realizing real-time monitoring and searching work of the whole day area on the transient source celestial body by optimizing control and image processing software and utilizing the layout of the telescope device.

And (3) image processing:

the observation modes include the following two types: if the lens is kept still, for the position information of a transient source, the difference image of two continuous frame images of the position information can obviously change at the position and is marked as a, and the difference image of the second frame image and the third frame image can not have a difference value-a for offsetting the change at the position; and because noise appears randomly, if a significant difference b appears in two continuous frames of pictures, and a difference value of-b appears in the second frame of pictures and the third frame of pictures, which indicates that the values of the third frame of pictures and the first frame of pictures at the position are the same, the change represented in the second frame is probably noise rather than a transient source. Applying this property, several frames can be observed in succession after a significant difference occurs to determine whether it is noise or a transient source celestial body. If the lens moves to track the moving target, before the two frames of pictures are subjected to difference processing, the translation lengths of the second frame of picture along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction need to be considered, the pictures need to be realigned and then subjected to difference processing, and for pixel points existing in the second frame of picture but not existing in the first frame, the processing with the next frame of picture needs to be waited. At this point, the images observed by the first set of telescopes are saved, and the images acquired by the second set of telescopes are compared with the images acquired by the first set of telescopes. By the optimization mode, the operation of repeated observation of a single set of telescope is omitted, the observation time is shortened, and the speed of target identification is increased.

In addition, the observation strategy of the telescope plays a very important role in the detection of the target, and the whole day area is monitored in a wide area mode by adopting a longitudinal M-shaped scanning mode and a transverse Z-shaped scanning mode respectively, and the scanning path schematic diagram is shown. Through researching the parameters such as the rotation parameter of the rotary table of the telescope, the pitching parameter, the exposure time of the camera and the like, the telescope control parameter and the camera parameter which are suitable for monitoring the gamma storm transient source celestial body in the whole day area are obtained, and the detection probability of the transient source celestial body is improved. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of observation by using "M" type and "Z" type observation strategies, respectively. The classical transient source search process is shown in fig. 9.

Further, the telescope control method realizes telescope optical systems with different monitoring fields of view by changing the size, the material and the structure of optical lenses of the telescope; the adjustment of the monitoring sky area of a single set of telescope is realized by changing the number of the telescopes.

Further, the telescope control method 2 is characterized in that the field of view of each optical telescope is 14 degrees or 14 degrees.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:

in the first step, 8 sets of optical telescope systems are uniformly fixed on a multifunctional turntable, 360-degree rotation is realized, and uninterrupted scanning of a whole day area is realized.

Secondly, 4 sets of telescope systems realize the work of scanning and searching the transient source celestial body at a low elevation angle and a broadband, and the work of scanning and searching the transient source at a high elevation angle and a zenith is finished by 2 optical telescopes arranged on a base in a pitching scanning mode;

and thirdly, realizing real-time monitoring and searching work of the whole day area on the transient source celestial body by optimizing control and image processing software and utilizing the layout of the telescope device.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:

in the first step, 8 sets of optical telescope systems are uniformly fixed on a multifunctional turntable, 360-degree rotation is realized, and uninterrupted scanning of a whole day area is realized.

Secondly, 4 sets of telescope systems realize the work of scanning and searching the transient source celestial body at a low elevation angle and a broadband, and the work of scanning and searching the transient source at a high elevation angle and a zenith is finished by 2 optical telescopes arranged on a base in a pitching scanning mode;

and thirdly, realizing real-time monitoring and searching work of the whole day area on the transient source celestial body by optimizing control and image processing software and utilizing the layout of the telescope device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a telescope control system operating the telescope control method, the telescope control system including:

the telescope system module is used for realizing monitoring and searching of different monitoring fields;

the control system module is used for realizing the searching speed of the monitored target by adjusting the rotating speed and the rotating direction/direction of the telescope;

and the image data processing module is used for realizing target identification by optimizing the algorithm of the image processing software.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a telescope control apparatus equipped with the telescope control system, the telescope control apparatus being provided with:

a base;

the multifunctional turntable is rotationally fixed on the base, a first equatorial instrument support and a second equatorial instrument support are rotationally fixed on the multifunctional turntable, the second equatorial instrument support is arranged on the inner side of the first equatorial instrument support, and the number of the first equatorial instrument support and the number of the second equatorial instrument support are four and are uniformly arranged at 90 degrees;

the second equatorial telescope support is higher than the first equatorial telescope support, and the first equatorial telescope support and the second equatorial telescope support are both provided with a telescope.

Further, the number of the telescopes on the first equatorial telescope support or the second equatorial telescope support is 1-4.

Furthermore, the telescope is provided with a lens cone, and the front end of the inner side of the lens cone is connected with an optical lens in a clamping way;

the aperture of the telescope is 15cm, the optical lens substrate is K9 glass, quartz glass or fluoride glass, and the number of the optical lenses is 1-10; the telescope optical field of view is 14 degrees by 14 degrees.

The invention also aims to provide an observation terminal of an astronomical transient source, which is provided with the telescope control device.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

fig. 10 is a photograph of an actual shot using the present technique to perform transient source search.

Table 1 comparison of this scenario with GWAC project technology

Item	The technical scheme	GWAC
			Monitoring sky district	6600 squareness degree	5000 square degree
Number of lens barrels	16 are provided with	40 are provided with
			Number of racks	8 are provided with	20 are provided with
Cost valuation	<1000 ten thousand	>4000 ten thousand
			Floor area	<20m2	>100m2

The initial test system of the technical scheme is utilized to carry out real object shooting pictures of the transient source all-day region patrolling, the whole response shooting process needs about 20s, the response speed of the system is greatly improved, and the search and detection of the transient source celestial body are conveniently carried out. Table 1 shows a comparison between the present technical solution and the GWAC project, where the present technical solution reduces the cost and also reduces the system space under the condition of the same performance.

The invention can realize a transient source monitoring system with a larger monitoring antenna region while reducing the complexity and the cost of the system. The method meets the requirement of fast searching of the transient source celestial body, and has higher practical value. By the telescope layout mode of the scheme, the system layout is more compact, and the overall control is convenient to realize; meanwhile, the speed of searching and scanning the target in the whole day area can be improved; more importantly, through the scheme, the number of the telescope is reduced to 1/2-1/3 of the number of the original equipment.

The cost is reduced under the condition that the monitoring sky area is the same, the number of the telescopes required by the system is 16, and compared with 40 telescopes of the previous GWAC system, the cost of the system is greatly reduced. The system has higher integration level and higher processing speed, and compared with the prior 20 sets of independent systems, the system adopts a centralized control mode, thereby facilitating the centralized control of the system and having higher response processing speed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a telescope control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescope control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescope device for fast identification of a transient source celestial body provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another side structure of the telescope device for fast identification of a transient source celestial body provided by the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of example 3 provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a multifunctional turntable; 2. a first equatorial support; 3. a second equatorial support; 4. a lens barrel; 5. a base; 6. an optical lens.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a telescope system construction method for fast identification of a transient source celestial body according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a scanning sky area range provided by an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is an observation schematic diagram of observation strategies respectively adopting an "M" type and a "Z" type provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an exemplary transient source search image subtraction process according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 10 is a photograph of an actual transient source search using the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a telescope control apparatus, system, method, storage medium, program and application thereof, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the telescope control method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

s101: 8 sets of optical telescope systems are uniformly fixed on the multifunctional rotary table, 360-degree rotation is realized, and uninterrupted scanning of the whole day area is realized.

S102: the 4 sets of telescope systems can realize the work of scanning and searching the transient source celestial body with low elevation angle and broadband, and the work of scanning and searching the transient source with high elevation angle and zenith is completed by 2 optical telescopes arranged on a base marked as 2 in a pitching scanning mode;

s103: by optimizing control and image processing software and utilizing the layout of the telescope device, the real-time monitoring and searching work of the whole day area on the transient source celestial body can be realized.

As shown in fig. 2, the telescope control system provided by the present invention includes:

and the telescope system module is used for realizing monitoring and searching of different monitoring fields.

And the control system module is used for realizing the searching speed of the monitored target by adjusting the rotating speed, the rotating direction and the orientation of the telescope.

And the image data processing module is used for realizing target identification by optimizing the algorithm of the image processing software.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1. Transient source: is a sporadic, transient, aperiodic astronomical phenomenon. On a time scale from seconds to weeks or even months. At present, known transient sources mainly include astronomical events such as supernova, gamma storm, micro-gravity lens, black hole collapsed stars and electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves.

2. Gamma-ray burst (GRB), referred to as Gamma storm, is a typical source celestial body of transients. It is a phenomenon of sudden enhancement of short-time-scale gamma rays from deep in the universe and is also the most violent explosion phenomenon after a major explosion in the universe. The transient source mentioned in the present invention will be described by taking a gamma storm as an example.

3. The day area: in order to facilitate identification in the field of astronomy, the field of astronomy is divided into star sky areas, namely sky areas or star areas, according to the directions of stars.

4. Visual field: (Field of View, FOV) astronomical terms refer to the range of the sky seen through a telescope. The field of view represents the maximum range that can be observed, usually expressed in degrees, the larger the field of view, the larger the range of observation.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5, a telescope device for fast identification of a transient source celestial body provided by an embodiment of the invention includes: the multifunctional turntable comprises a multifunctional turntable 1, a first equatorial instrument support 2, a second equatorial instrument support 3, a lens cone 4, a base 5 and an optical lens 6.