阅读说明：本技术 气溶胶止汗剂方法 (Aerosol antiperspirant method ) 是由 J·张 B·A·赫瑞 D·F·斯威尔 于 2018-12-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种制造气溶胶止汗剂产品的方法,其中止汗剂组合物的最终研磨与将其填充到喷雾装置中之间的时间为至多2小时。(The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of an aerosol antiperspirant product wherein the time between final grinding of the antiperspirant composition and filling thereof into a spray device is at most 2 hours.)

1. A method of making an aerosol antiperspirant product, the method comprising:

combining components selected from the group consisting of an antiperspirant active, a carrier, a suspending agent, a clay activator, and combinations thereof to form an antiperspirant composition;

grinding the composition;

depositing the composition into a spray device at most 2 hours after milling the composition; and

adding a propellant to the composition in the spray device; wherein the composition does not comprise cyclopentasiloxane.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of adding at least one perfume or fragrance.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of adding a fragrance or aroma is after grinding the composition and before depositing the composition into a spray device.

4. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the composition further comprises a silicone gum or a skin feel modifier.

5. The method according to any preceding claims wherein the antiperspirant composition is anhydrous.

6. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising the step of filtering the composition after milling the composition and before adding a propellant.

7. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the composition is deposited into a spray device at most 1 hour after grinding the composition.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises a carrier that is a non-volatile linear silicone fluid having an average of nine or more silicon atoms.

9. The method according to any preceding claims wherein the viscosity of the antiperspirant composition is at least 4000 cP.

10. A method of making an aerosol antiperspirant product, the method comprising:

combining components selected from the group consisting of an antiperspirant active, a carrier, a suspending agent, a clay activator, and combinations thereof, to form an antiperspirant composition, and the antiperspirant composition does not comprise cyclopentasiloxane;

grinding the composition; and

depositing the composition into a spray device at most 2 hours after milling the composition;

wherein the viscosity of the composition deposited into the spray device is at least 2000 cP.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of adding a propellant to the composition in the spray device.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of adding a fragrance to the composition.

13. The method according to claim 10 wherein the antiperspirant composition is milled for up to 20 minutes prior to being placed in a spray device.

14. The method according to claim 10 wherein the antiperspirant composition is anhydrous.

15. The method according to claim 10 wherein the viscosity of the antiperspirant composition is at least 4000 cP.

Technical Field

One aspect of the present invention generally relates to methods of making antiperspirant compositions and products comprising a spray device containing an antiperspirant composition and a propellant.

Background

Body odor may be generated in the area under the arms due to the high concentration of sweat glands. Although sweat is odorless, it contains natural oils that may be a source of nutrition for bacteria that grow on the skin. These bacteria interact with natural oils and fats, converting them into odor-producing compounds. Antiperspirant compositions contain actives such as aluminum salts that react with electrolytes in sweat to form blockages in the ducts of the sweat glands. The plug prevents sweat from escaping the catheter, thereby depriving the bacteria of water and food sources. The antiperspirant composition can be applied to the skin in the form of a contact product (such as a stick or roll-on) or a non-contact product (such as an aerosol spray). Aerosol spray devices for dispensing antiperspirant compositions are known in the art. Various examples are described in USPN 4,152,416, USPN 4,806,338, USPN 4,840,786, USPN 4,904,463, USPN 4,935,224, USPN 5,298,236, USPN 5,605,682, USPN 5,814,309, USPN7,815,899, EP 674,899, WO 96/04884, WO 2004/014330, and WO 2007/001842.

While users of aerosol sprays are accustomed to shaking the spray device prior to use, it is generally desirable for the user to have the spray device produce a spray that is easily and uniformly dispensed. Having to shake the spray device excessively or vigorously before use or using a spray device that becomes clogged or difficult to spray is an undesirable consumer experience. Thus, there is a continuing need for compositions and products that can be filled into spray devices and easily released without clogging or clogging the spray device.

Disclosure of Invention

According to one aspect, a method of making an aerosol antiperspirant product, the method comprising:

combining components selected from the group consisting of antiperspirant actives, carriers, suspending agents, clay activators, and combinations thereof to form a composition;

grinding the composition;

depositing the composition into a spray device at up to about 2 hours after grinding the composition; and

adding a propellant to the composition in the spray device;

wherein the composition does not comprise cyclopentasiloxane.

Drawings

While the specification concludes with claims, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals identify like elements throughout the drawings, and wherein:

figure 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of making aerosol compositions and products.

Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of making the aerosol compositions and products of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of making the aerosol compositions and products of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a graph showing a change in viscosity under shear conditions.

Fig. 5 is a table showing data in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 and 7 are graphs of the antiperspirant compositions tested for sedimentation in hexane.

Fig. 8 is a graph of a centrifugal compaction test of the antiperspirant composition in hexane.

Figure 9 shows X-ray photographs of two aerosol products.

Figure 10 shows an X-ray photograph of the aerosol product during the shake can test.

Figure 11 shows an X-ray photograph of the aerosol product during the shake can test.

Detailed Description

The spray device, container, composition, propellant, and the like may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of various combinations of the materials, features, structures, and/or properties described herein.

Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" or similar means that a particular material, feature, structure, and/or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment, optionally multiple embodiments, but that this does not mean that all embodiments include the described material, feature, structure, and/or characteristic. Furthermore, the materials, features, structures, and/or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in different embodiments and may be omitted or substituted for those described. Thus, unless otherwise stated or an incompatibility is stated or stated, embodiments and aspects described herein may comprise or may be combined with elements or components of other embodiments and/or aspects, although not explicitly exemplified in the combinations.

In all embodiments, all percentages are by weight of the antiperspirant composition (or formulation), unless specifically stated otherwise. All ratios are weight ratios unless otherwise specifically noted. All ranges are inclusive and combinable. The number of significant figures indicates that neither a limitation of the indicated quantity nor a limitation of the accuracy of the measurement is expressed. All numerical values should be understood as modified by the word "about" unless otherwise specifically indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, all measurements are understood to be made at about 25 ℃ and at ambient conditions, where "ambient conditions" refers to conditions at about 1 atmosphere of pressure and at about 50% relative humidity. As used herein, the term "molecular weight" or "m.wt." refers to number average molecular weight, unless otherwise specified.

The term "antiperspirant composition" refers to any composition containing an antiperspirant active and intended to be sprayed onto the skin, without a propellant.

The term "antiperspirant efficacy" refers to the amount of moisture protection provided by applying the antiperspirant composition to the underarm area (or underarm) by a spray device. Antiperspirant efficacy can be quantified by the amount of sweat (mg) collected after exposure to the hot chamber compared to the baseline amount.

The term "bulking or suspending material" refers to a material intended to reduce settling of particles in a liquid and/or reduce the severity of agglomeration of particles after settling.

The term "deposition efficiency" refers to the percentage of material (e.g., antiperspirant active, fragrance material, antiperspirant composition, etc.) deposited on a target surface as compared to the amount of material exiting the spray device.

The term "particulate" refers to a material that is solid or hollow or porous (or a combination thereof) and is substantially or completely insoluble in the liquid material of the antiperspirant composition.

The term "propellant" refers to one or more gases used to pressurize the antiperspirant composition to facilitate the expulsion of the antiperspirant composition from the container. Some propellants may be a mixture of gases (e.g., a-46 may be a mixture of isobutane, butane, and propane). The propellant may be in the form of a liquid (i.e. a liquefied gas) when under pressure within the reservoir of the spray device. In addition, the propellant may be in a gaseous state in the headspace of the container. The propellant may be present in the reservoir in liquefied form and in its gaseous state. The term propellant is intended to include liquefied forms and gaseous forms, individually and collectively, unless otherwise indicated (e.g., liquid propellant or gaseous propellant).

The term "substantially free" refers to an amount of material that is less than 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01%, or 0.001% by weight of the antiperspirant composition. "free" means no detectable amount of the material, ingredient, or substance.

The term "total fill level" refers to the total amount of material added to or stored in one or more reservoirs of a container. For example, the total fill level comprises the propellant and antiperspirant composition stored in the spray device after filling and prior to first use.

The term "viscosity" means the kinematic viscosity (measured in centipoise, cPs, or pascal-seconds Pa · s) or the kinematic viscosity (in centistokes, cSt, or m) of a liquid at about 25 ℃ and at ambient conditions²Measured in units of/s). Dynamic viscosity can be measured using a rotational viscometer such as the Brookfield Dial Reading viscometer model 1-2RVT available from Boehler aircraft, Inc. (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, USA) in the United states, or other alternative models known in the art. Typical Brookfield mandrels that may be used include, but are not limited to, RV-7 with a mandrel speed of 20rpm, but it will be appreciated that one skilled in the art can select the precise mandrel as desired. Kinematic viscosity can be determined by dividing the dynamic viscosity by the density of the liquid (at 25 ℃ and ambient conditions), as is known in the art.

Manufacturing method

Many current antiperspirant aerosol products use suspending or bulking agents such as clay-based materials to help build the product structure. These clay-based materials are mixed with other components (such as carriers, antiperspirant actives, skin feel modifiers, clay activators, masking agents, perfumes, and other materials) into an antiperspirant composition, which is then milled to delaminate the clay. This grinding process (machining process using a rotating knife) increases the viscosity of the antiperspirant composition. After milling, the antiperspirant composition is typically transferred to a storage tank where continuous mixing is performed to prevent product separation and ensure batch homogeneity. The antiperspirant composition is then filled into each of the spray devices and a propellant is added to the composition in the spray devices to form an aerosol antiperspirant product. The consumer typically shakes the spray device prior to use sufficiently that the aerosol product does not clog or clog the spray device, which would otherwise interfere with the consumer's spray experience.

However, in some cases, formulation differences in the composition may result in changes in the product structure that may be destroyed in the process. The inventors have observed that in some cases, such as changing the formulation to a liquid carrier that is less wettable to the clay, the viscosity of the antiperspirant composition decreases rapidly under normal mixing conditions in the reservoir. This may be encountered, for example, in antiperspirant compositions that do not contain cyclopentasiloxane. Such less structured and less viscous compositions tend to settle more quickly and form a compact cake. When a low viscosity composition is filled into a spray device and a propellant is added, the resulting aerosol antiperspirant product may require higher energy to redisperse the product so that it functions as intended. In other words, lower viscosity compositions may result in aerosol products that require shaking beyond what is provided by the average consumer, and thus the spray device may clog and degrade the consumer experience.

The inventors have found that increasing the grinding step immediately prior to filling the antiperspirant composition into the spray device increases the viscosity and provides more structure to the composition, which allows the aerosol product to not clog the actuator of the spray device. Such more structured, higher viscosity antiperspirant compositions can also reduce the rate of settling upon shaking, make the spray more uniform, and improve other viscosity-related product behaviors, such as product deposition, which can provide more consumer benefits. Adding a grinding step within 2 hours of filling the composition into a separate spray device allows for filling before any separation of the composition and also eliminates the need for mixing before filling.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the present invention may include the step of grinding the antiperspirant composition within 2 hours of filling the antiperspirant composition into a separate spray device.

To begin a typical manufacturing process, the components of the antiperspirant composition can be mixed in a large preparation tank. These components may include one or more materials selected from bulking or suspending agents, such as clay-based materials; a clay activator; an antiperspirant active; a carrier; skin feel modifiers; fragrances and perfumes; a masking agent; starch; and combinations thereof. These composition components are then pumped for grinding. At a time after this grinding, the antiperspirant composition has a high viscosity, defined as at least about 2000 cP. The composition may be pumped to a large storage tank where a low shear mixer may mix the composition. In some cases, the composition may be placed in a reservoir while the parts are pulled apart to fill in the spray device.

Fig. 1 depicts a process. The ingredients (antiperspirant composition components) can be added to the preparation tank and then pumped to the mill/homogenizer. In some embodiments, ingredient addition may be accomplished by first mixing the carrier solvent and clay and grinding them. The material may be recycled back to the preparation tank where the clay activator may be added and the entire composition milled again. Finally, the material can be recycled back to the preparation tank again, and all the powder material is mixed and subsequently milled. The component addition can be done by powder disperser (e.g. Quadro) or directly into the tank. The antiperspirant composition can be mixed to a homogeneous state. In various positions along the process path there may be valves for directing the flow, i.e. by closing or opening certain valves, the content of the container may be directed back for recirculation or continuous grinding, or to a storage tank. In addition, some components may be added after milling if they cannot withstand milling.

In some cases, such as the process shown in fig. 1, portions of the antiperspirant composition can be removed from a bulk storage tank, transported through a filter, and then to a filler that will fill the various spray devices. Filling the spray device in this manner may take several days, resulting in a portion of the composition remaining in the tank only for a period of time under the low shear mixer. When there is no additional grinding step after the antiperspirant composition is in the reservoir, the antiperspirant composition typically waits at least 6 or 8 hours after grinding before delivering the first portion to fill the spray device. For many antiperspirant compositions in a reservoir, there will be a longer time, even up to several days, between final grinding and filling into the spray device. Some formulations of the compositions may retain viscosity over this period of time, but the inventors have found that other formulations, particularly those that do not contain certain volatile liquids (e.g., cyclopentasiloxane and other similar liquids) as carriers, lose viscosity over time in the reservoir. It is believed that if a lower viscosity antiperspirant composition is delivered to the filler for input into the spray device, it should be compacted to such an extent that more energy, i.e. shaking, is required to fully redisperse or homogenize the material.

Thus, the inventors have found that the grinding step immediately prior to delivery of the antiperspirant composition to the filler increases the viscosity sufficiently that the spray device does not clog or clog once the composition is filled into the spray device and the propellant is added. The process of the present invention is illustrated in fig. 2. By about it is meant that the antiperspirant composition is filled into the spray device at up to about 5 hours after the final grinding step. In some cases, the antiperspirant composition may be filled into the spray device at a time of up to about 4 hours, up to about 3 hours, up to about 2 hours, up to about 90 minutes, up to about 60 minutes, up to about 45 minutes, up to about 30 minutes, up to about 20 minutes, or up to about 10 minutes after the final milling step. Many embodiments herein describe a separation of up to 2 hours between milling and filling, but in each embodiment the time between milling and filling can be any of the times described above, including up to 5 hours. When filled into a spray device, the viscosity of the antiperspirant composition can be at least about 1500cP, at least about 2000cP, at least about 2500cP, at least about 3000cP, and in some cases, at least about 4000 cP.

In fig. 2, the mixing of the components of the antiperspirant composition is similar to that described with respect to fig. 1. After all the components of the antiperspirant composition are added and milled, the antiperspirant composition can be moved to a storage tank where it can wait for any time from hours to days. In fig. 2, the antiperspirant composition or a portion of the antiperspirant composition can be removed from the reservoir and ground a final time. After this final grinding, the antiperspirant composition having the enhanced viscosity can be delivered to a filler for filling into a spray device after no more than about 2 hours, and in some embodiments, within 30 minutes of the final grinding. In other words, the time between final grinding of the antiperspirant composition and filling it into the spray device may be less than 2 hours.

This process can be carried out in a variety of ways while the final milling is carried out for up to about 2 hours or up to about 5 hours prior to filling the antiperspirant composition into the spray device. In some embodiments, such as that shown in fig. 3, the antiperspirant composition components can be mixed in smaller amounts such that a large reservoir is not required, rather than all of the components of the antiperspirant composition being mixed, milled, then mixed in a large reservoir, waiting for a second milling, and then filled. The mixed components of the antiperspirant composition can be milled once, delivered through a filter, and then filled into a spray device at a time interval of up to about 2 hours between milling and filling. In some embodiments, the time between milling and filling may be up to about 5 hours. Furthermore, during these 2 or 5 hours, the antiperspirant composition may be in a static state, that is, without any mixing prior to filling the composition into the spray device. Thus, this process is a semi-continuous process, requiring no large preparation tanks or holding tanks, low shear mixers, or secondary grinding. However, it still allows the delivery of high viscosity antiperspirant compositions into a filler for placement in a spray device. In some of these embodiments, the antiperspirant composition is filled into the spray device at up to about 2 hours after the final grinding step, as described above. In fig. 3, the mixing of the components of the antiperspirant composition is similar to that described with respect to fig. 1. After all of the components of the antiperspirant composition are added and milled, the antiperspirant composition can be delivered to a filler for filling into a spray device after no more than about 2 hours, and in some embodiments, within 30 minutes of the final milling. In this process, no additional grinding step is required, but the entire process is completed in a semi-continuous manner.

In some embodiments, after a single or final grind, but within 2 hours before depositing the composition into the spray device, the composition may be delivered through a Cuno filter and/or additional mesh filter prior to delivery to the filler. Additionally, it is noted that the processes herein, even semi-continuous processes conducted in relatively small quantities, are considered to be used in commercial quantities wherein the batch size of antiperspirant composition in the preparation tank and/or reservoir is at least about 500 kilograms, and in some cases at least about 1000 kilograms.

More specifically, fig. 2 and 3 illustrate possible inventive processes, each process comprising a step of final milling of the antiperspirant composition at up to 2 hours (in some embodiments up to about 5 hours, and in some embodiments at least 10 minutes) prior to filling the antiperspirant composition into the spray device.

Aerosol composition

I. Propellant

The spray device includes a propellant stored in one or more reservoirs of the container. The propellant may be stored in the same reservoir as the antiperspirant composition or in a separate reservoir, but it is preferred that the propellant is stored in the same reservoir as the antiperspirant composition. The propellant may be present in a liquid form that is miscible with the liquid carrier of the antiperspirant composition, as well as in a gaseous state within the head space of the reservoir. The liquid propellant and antiperspirant composition form a mixture that travels through the container, eventually exiting the container where the liquid propellant vaporizes to form a spray. The propellant may have a concentration of from about 60% to about 90% or 95%, or from about 70% to about 80%, or from about 80% to about 90%, by weight of the antiperspirant product. Generally, as propellant concentration is increased by these higher concentrations, the emissions may tend to be more "gaseous," possibly resulting in reduced deposition of the antiperspirant composition on the target surface and a broader spray pattern.

A variety of propellants may be used with the spray devices and antiperspirant compositions described herein, but in some embodiments, the spray devices are substantially free of compressed gas propellants, such as nitrogen, air, and carbon dioxide. Some suitable propellants may have a boiling point (at atmospheric pressure) in the range of from about-45 ℃ to about 5 ℃. Some suitable propellants may include chemically inert hydrocarbons such as propane, n-butane, isobutane and cyclopropane and mixtures thereof, and halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorodifluoromethane (propellant 12), 1-dichloro-1, 1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethane (propellant 114), 1-chloro-1, 1-difluoro-2, 2-trifluoroethane (propellant 115), 1-chloro-1, 1-difluoroethylene (propellant 142B), 1-difluoroethane (propellant 152A), dimethyl ether and chlorodifluoromethane and mixtures thereof. Some suitable propellants include, but are not limited to, A-46 (isobutane, a mixture of butane and propane), A-31 (isobutane), A-17 (n-butane), A-108 (propane), AP70 (a mixture of propane, isobutane and n-butane), AP40 (a mixture of propane, isobutylene and n-butane), AP30 (a mixture of propane, isobutane and n-butane), HFO1234 (trans-1, 3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene), and 152A (1, 1-difluoroethane).

Antiperspirant compositions

A. Viscosity of antiperspirant composition

In some embodiments, it is desirable for the antiperspirant composition to have a viscosity of from about 2,000 centipoise, 3,000 centipoise, 4,000 centipoise, 5000 centipoise, or 7,000 centipoise to about 50,000 centipoise, 40,000 centipoise, or 30,000 centipoise, or 20,000 centipoise, or 10,000 centipoise, or 7,000 centipoise, 5,000 centipoise, or 4,000 centipoise at 25 ℃ (1 centipoise equals 1 × 10 centipoise^-3Pa · s). It is believed that viscosities less than 1,000 centipoise result in antiperspirant compositions that produce a dripping or dripping effect on the skin when sprayed. The user may perceive a wet rather than a dry feel. For comparison, the viscosity of a roll-on antiperspirant composition is typically less than 1,000 centipoise because a roll-on applicator utilizes a roll-on to apply a thin film of antiperspirant composition, thereby minimizing the effects of drooling or dripping.

The antiperspirant composition should be flowable so that it can be effectively sprayed from the spray device. Thus, in certain aspects, the aerosol antiperspirant compositions can be free of sufficient concentrations and/or be substantially free of ingredients that provide the rheology of a thickened stick or gel type in an antiperspirant stick or gel product. Some common agents that may be excluded in sufficient amounts include hydrogenated castor oil, paraffin wax, silicone wax and mixtures thereof.

B. Non-volatile silicone fluids

The antiperspirant composition may comprise one or more non-volatile silicone fluids. The non-volatile silicone fluid can be used as a primary or primary liquid carrier for the antiperspirant active. As used herein, the term "non-volatile" refers to materials having a boiling point above 250 ℃ (at atmospheric pressure) and/or a vapor pressure below 0.1mm Hg at 25 ℃. In contrast, the term "volatile" refers to materials that have a boiling point below 250 ℃ (at atmospheric pressure) and/or a vapor pressure of about 0.1mm Hg at 25 ℃. The incorporation of a non-volatile silicone fluid in an antiperspirant composition can provide several benefits. First, the non-volatile silicone fluid can be more effectively deposited on the skin than volatile silicone fluids from aerosol antiperspirant compositions containing high levels of propellant, such as greater than 60% or 80% propellant. It is believed that depositing a high concentration of non-volatile carrier liquid in the antiperspirant composition reduces the visible white residue on application, reduces the visible white residue throughout the day, and reduces transfer of the antiperspirant composition to the garment being worn. Second, the incorporation of a non-volatile silicone fluid can increase the substantivity of the antiperspirant composition on skin, thereby potentially improving antiperspirant efficacy, as the antiperspirant composition can form a film that adheres more readily to skin without flaking or transferring from the skin to clothing throughout the day. Third, the incorporation of a non-volatile silicone fluid can also reduce the tendency for visible residue to appear on the skin (as compared to the use of a volatile silicone fluid) because the non-volatile silicone fluid does not vaporize, leaving a white antiperspirant active as a visible residue. However, the incorporation of non-volatile silicone fluids is not without potential compromises. Post-application wetness sensation (which may be undesirable for some consumers) is a compromise that may be associated with high concentrations of non-volatile silicone fluids in antiperspirant compositions.

The total concentration of non-volatile silicone fluid can be from about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% to about 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, or 50% by weight of the antiperspirant composition. In some embodiments, the total concentration of non-volatile silicone fluid may be from about 35% or 45% to about 55% by weight of the antiperspirant composition. The liquid material of the antiperspirant composition can consist essentially of the non-volatile silicone fluid or consist essentially of the non-volatile silicone fluidSome preferred non-volatile silicone fluids may be linear polyalkylsiloxanes, especially polydimethylsiloxanes (e.g., dimethicones), such siloxanes may be available, for example, under the trade designation of Element 14PDMS (viscous oil) from Momentive Performance Materials, Inc. (Ohio, USA), Ohio < (R) > Silicone fluids may be available, for example, under the trade designation of Dow Corning200Fluid series (e.g., 3 to 350 centistokes) from Dow Corning corporation (Midland, Mich., USA), of Midland, Mich.), other non-volatile silicone fluids that may be used include polymethylphenylsiloxane may be available, for example, as SF 1075 methylphenylsilicone Fluid from General Electric Company (General Electric Company, or from Dow Electric Company under the trade viscosity of 10, such fluids may be available, for example, from Dow Corning 1 × 10, such as Polyetherno. PolyetherA 1 centistokes, PolyetherA Polyethermay be available, for example, under the trade designation of 10 centistokes, PolyetherA No. 10, Polyethercs, such fluids may be available, from Dow Corning 100 centistokes, Polyethercs, or Polyethercs, such fluids may be available, under the trade viscosity of 10 centistokes, Polyethercs, from General Electric Company, from Korea, No. 10 C10 Cno. 15 Cstcs, No. 15 Cstcs^-6m²In s). In some specific embodiments, the silicone fluid may have a viscosity of from about 5 centistokes to about 100 centistokes, or from 5 centistokes to about 50 centistokes, or from about 5 centistokes to about 30 centistokes. Higher viscosity nonvolatile silicone fluids (e.g., greater than 100 or 200 or 350 centistokes) are preferably mixed with lower viscosity nonvolatile silicone fluids to achieve the appropriate antiperspirant composition viscosity and particle concentration. The high viscosity non-volatile silicone fluid (e.g., greater than 100, 200, or 350 centistokes) can be less than 25% by weight of the antiperspirant composition.

In some cases, the non-volatile silicone fluid is a polydimethylsiloxane fluid (also collectively referred to as polydimethylsiloxanes). It is to be understood that the polydimethylsiloxane fluid may also be optionally characterized by its viscosity or its molecular weight or its formula or a combination thereof. In some cases, the polydimethylsiloxane fluid may have the following properties:

TABLE 1：

Viscosity of the oil	Approximate molecular weight1	Approximate average number of monomer units in a polymer1
			5 centistokes	800	9
10 centistokes	1200	13
			20 centistokes	2000	27
30 centistokes	2600	35
			50 centistokes	3800	50
100 centistokes	6000	80
			200 centistokes	9400	125
350 centistokes	13,700	185

1 example compositions herein containing polydimethylsiloxane fluids were formulated using the Dow Corning DC200 series of fluids, which are believed to have average molecular weights and average monomer subunit numbers within the approximate values of table 1.

The polydimethylsiloxane fluid may have the following formula (II):

M-D_X-M

wherein M is (CH)₃)₃SiO, D is 2CH₃(SiO), and X is equal to the average number of monomer units in the polymer (see, e.g., table 1) minus 2. In some embodiments, X may be from about 6 to about 185, from about 9 to about 125, from about 9 to about 80, from about 9 to about 50, from about 13 to about 50, or from about 27 to about 50. In other embodiments, X may be from about 6 to about 35, from about 9 to about 35, or from about 13 to about 35. The term "approximately" as used in Table 1 refers to. + -. 10% of the given value.

While a variety of non-volatile silicone fluids or oils can be used in the antiperspirant compositions, in some instances it is desirable that the non-volatile silicone fluid consist essentially of, consist of, or consist essentially of the non-functional silicone fluid. In some embodiments, it is also desirable that the non-volatile silicone fluid be substantially or completely free of non-functionalized silicones capable of reacting with the antiperspirant active via an acid-base reaction or a chelating reaction. This is in contrast to, for example, USPN 4,806,338 which suggests the use of functionalized siloxanes. Functionalized silicone may be disadvantageous in some cases because it can react with the antiperspirant active, either by an acid-base reaction in the case of amino-functional silicones (lewis bases), or by a chelating reaction (in the case of carboxy-functional silicones), which can reduce the efficacy of the antiperspirant active. Furthermore, functional silicones of the type taught by USPN 4,806,338 can have reduced solubility in the propellant (and vice versa), which can lead to non-uniformities in the product and thus deposition non-uniformities on the skin.

C. Solvent(s)

The aerosol composition may comprise a solvent. The solvent may be volatile, non-volatile, or a combination thereof. The composition may comprise from about 10% to about 80%, by weight of the composition, of a solvent. Further, the composition may comprise from about 10 wt%, from about 15 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 50 wt%, to about 60 wt%, to about 70 wt%, to about 80 wt%, or any combination thereof, of solvent, by weight of the composition.

Volatile solvent

The compositions described herein may comprise a volatile solvent or a mixture of volatile solvents. The volatile solvent may comprise from about 2%, from about 5%, from about 8%, from about 10%, from about 15%, from about 20%, to about 25%, to about 30%, to about 35%, to about 40%, to about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, or any combination thereof, by weight of the composition. Volatile solvents useful herein can be relatively odorless and safe for use on human skin. Suitable volatile solvents may include C₁-C₄Alcohols and mixtures thereof. For example, ethanol may be used as the volatile solvent. Some other non-limiting examples of volatile solvents include methanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof.

Non-volatile solvent

The composition may comprise from about 2%, from about 5%, from about 8%, from about 10%, from about 15%, from about 20%, to about 25%, to about 30%, to about 35%, to about 40%, to about 50%, to about 60%, to about 70%, to about 80%, or any combination thereof, by weight of the composition, of the non-volatile solvent. The composition may comprise a non-volatile solvent or a mixture of non-volatile solvents. Non-limiting examples of non-volatile solvents include benzyl benzoate, diethyl phthalate, isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethyl citrate, and mixtures thereof. The composition may also be free of non-volatile solvents.

B. Liquid fragrance material

The antiperspirant composition may also optionally comprise one or more liquid fragrance materials. The liquid fragrance material is typically a mixture of perfume or aromatic components, optionally mixed with a suitable solvent, diluent or carrier. Some solvents, diluents, or carriers suitable for use in the fragrance component can include ethanol, isopropanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol, diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, isopropyl myristate, and mixtures thereof. The antiperspirant composition may comprise from about 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%, 3% or 4% to about 10%, 8%, 6% or 4%, 3% or 2% by weight of the liquid fragrance material.

The fragrance component can be any natural or synthetic fragrance component known to those skilled in the art to make fragrances, including, but not limited to, essential oils, citrus oils, absolutes, resinous materials, resins, concretes, and the like, and synthetic fragrance components such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, acids, esters, acetals, ketals, nitriles, and the like, including saturated and unsaturated compounds, aliphatic, carbocyclic, and heterocyclic compounds. Some non-limiting examples of perfume components include: geraniol, geranyl acetate, linalool, linalyl acetate, tetrahydrolinalyl alcohol, citronellol, citronellyl acetate, dihydromyrcenol acetate, tetrahydromyrcenol, terpineol, terpinyl acetate, nopinol, nopinyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate, styryl acetate, amyl salicylate, dimethylbenzyl methanol, trichloromethylbenzyl acetate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, isononyl acetate, vetiveryl acetate, vetiverol, alpha-n-pentylcinnamic aldehyde, alpha-hexylcinnamic aldehyde, 2-methyl-3- (p-tert-butylphenyl) -propanol, 2-methyl-3- (p-isopropylphenyl) -propionaldehyde, 3- (p-tert-butylphenyl) -propionaldehyde, vetiveryl acetate, linalool, linalyl acetate, lina, Tricyclodecenyl acetate, tricyclodecenyl propionate, 4- (4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl) -3-cyclohexene formaldehyde, 4- (4-methyl-3-pentenyl) -3-cyclohexene formaldehyde, 4-acetoxy-3-pentyltetrahydropyran, methyl dihydrojasmonate, 2-n-heptylcyclopentanone, 3-methyl-2-pentylcyclopentanone, n-decanal, 9-decen-1-ol, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, phenylacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, citral, citronellyl nitrile, cedryl acetate, 3-isobornylcyclohexanol, methyl cedryl ether, isolongifolan, anise nitrile, anisaldehyde, piperonal, coumarin, eugenol, vanillin, diphenyl ether, eugenol, isovaleryl ether, cumyl ether, piperonal, cumyl aldehyde, coumarin, eugenol, isovaleryl ether, diphenyl ether, isovaleryl ether, Hydroxycitrocitronellal, ionone, methyl ionone, isomethyl ionone, irone, cis-3-hexenol and its esters, indane musk essence, tetralin musk essence, isochroman musk essence, macrocyclic ketone, macrolide musk essence, ethylene brassylate, aromatic nitro musk essence. Some Perfume ingredients are also described in Arctander, Perfume and Flavour Chemicals (Chemicals), volumes I and II (1969) and Arctander, Perfume and Flavour Materials of Natural Origin (1960).

C. Other liquid materials

It is contemplated that other liquid materials may optionally be included in the antiperspirant composition. The liquid material of the antiperspirant composition may comprise less than 30%, 20%, 10% or less than 5% by weight of liquid material other than the non-volatile silicone fluid. In other words, the liquid material of the antiperspirant composition can comprise more than 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or about 100% by weight of the non-volatile silicone fluid.

The antiperspirant composition may comprise less than 10%, 5%, 1% or 0.5% by weight of volatile silicone fluid. The antiperspirant composition can be substantially or completely free of volatile silicone fluid.

The antiperspirant composition may optionally comprise one or more silicone gums. The term "gum" is used to refer to a material that has a viscosity in the range of about 100,000 to about 1 hundred million centistokes at 25℃ and that flows slowly, unlike a non-flowable rigid solid or a liquid that is too fluid. The silicone gum material is a blend of a silicone gum and a diluent, wherein the diluent reduces the viscosity of the blend. Some common diluents may include, but are not limited to, 5 centistokes polydimethylsiloxane, 50 centistokes polydimethylsiloxane, 100 centistokes polydimethylsiloxane, or cyclopentasiloxane. In some embodiments, the antiperspirant composition may be substantially or completely free of cyclopentasiloxane. The silicone gum may comprise a high viscosity polydimethylsiloxane having terminal methyl (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane) or hydroxyl (e.g., dimethiconol) groups. The molecular weight of the silicone gum can range from 100,000 daltons to greater than 2,000,000 daltons. The viscosity of the silicone gum (without diluent) can range from 300,000 centistokes to greater than 2,500,000 centistokes or higher, as compared to the viscosity of the silicone gum material (including diluent) which can be less than 10,000 centistokes. Some examples of silicone gums and silicone gum materials include, but are not limited to, quaternary ammonium functional silicones such as DC7-6030 available from Dow Corning, Inc. (Dow Corning), and 34720, 34749, 34731, 33134, SF-96, SF-1066, SF18(350), SE30, and SE32 available from General Electric.

A silicone gum (or silicone gum material) can be added to the antiperspirant composition to further increase the deposition and/or substantivity of the antiperspirant composition and/or to increase the droplet size of the aerosol spray particles. The improvement in deposition can be demonstrated by evaluating the deposition of a test specimen containing 85% a46 propellant, 14.64% 50 centistokes polydimethylsiloxane, and 0.36% Dc1503 (note that this is made by mixing 97% 50cst polydimethylsiloxane with 3% Dc1503 containing 12% silicone gum, which mixture is then added to the propellant at 15%). The sample was subjected to a deposition test using the same valve and hopper as the above sample, and showed a deposition efficiency of about 58%. This represents a 38% improvement in deposition compared to the above-described test sample containing only 50cst polydimethylsiloxane, and an improvement of over 100% compared to the sample containing only cyclopentasiloxane. Maximizing liquid deposition in test samples containing high concentrations of non-volatile silicone fluid and high propellant concentrations is desirable not only to reduce visible white color, but also to reduce potential inhalation hazards. Volatile silicones such as cyclopentasiloxane can be removed from the lungs by exhalation, whereas non-volatile materials are less likely to be removed by this mechanism. Therefore, it is desirable to increase deposition efficiency by adding a silicone gum, thereby limiting the respirable non-volatile silicone material.

However, formulating antiperspirant compositions containing silicone gums in combination with relatively high concentrations of non-volatile silicone fluids and/or relatively high concentrations of total particulates can involve a number of tradeoffs. For example, excessive silicone gums may significantly increase the viscosity of the antiperspirant composition and the risk of clogging of the container actuator and/or valve, particularly if a relatively high concentration of total particulates is already present. Still further, excessive silicone gums may reduce the diameter of the spray, making it more difficult for the user to completely cover the axilla during application (typically in the 7.5cm by 12.5cm area), and may create areas with high antiperspirant composition doses, potentially affecting skin feel. Additionally, some silicone gums, such as the quaternary ammonium functional silicones described in USPN7,815,899, may have an unpleasant odor (e.g., fishy odor) associated therewith, which in turn may be transferred to the antiperspirant composition in some cases.

Generally, it is believed that the concentration of the silicone gum may increase with increasing propellant concentration, all other variables being equal. Conversely, it is believed that as the number of particles increases, the concentration of the silicone gum should decrease as the number of particles increases, all other variables being equal. This is believed to be particularly true in the range of 40% to 60% of the particles by weight of the antiperspirant composition, as this can lead to stacking of the antiperspirant composition.

In view of one or more potential challenges associated with incorporating a gum, and more particularly a silicone gum, the silicone gum concentration of the antiperspirant composition can be from about 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, or 0.8% to about 1.5%, 1.25%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.65, 0.5%, or 0.4% by weight of the antiperspirant composition. In some cases, the most preferred concentration of silicone gum is from about 0.3% to about 0.8% by weight of the antiperspirant composition in order to balance mode diameter/mass with deposition. In some cases, the antiperspirant composition can have from about 0.1% to about 0.6% silicone gum when paired with a propellant concentration of from 70% to 80% and a particulate concentration of from 40% to 50%. In some cases, the antiperspirant composition can have from about 0.1% to about 0.4% silicone gum when paired with a propellant concentration of from 70% to 80% and a particulate concentration of from 50% to 60%. In some cases, the antiperspirant composition can have from about 0.3% to about 1.5% silicone gum when paired with a propellant concentration of from 80% to 90% and a particulate concentration of from 40% to 50%. In some cases, the antiperspirant composition can have from about 0.3% to about 1% silicone gum when paired with a propellant concentration of from 80% to 90% and a particulate concentration of from 50% to 60%. While it is believed that it is highly desirable to include a silicone gum in an antiperspirant composition that includes a non-volatile silicone fluid and a propellant concentration of from about 70% to about 90% or even about 95%, it is also contemplated that in some cases it is desirable for the antiperspirant composition to be substantially or completely free of silicone gum.

If a silicone gum is included, any silicone gum having a viscosity within the ranges described herein can be used so long as it is soluble in the liquid carrier, the propellant, or a combination thereof of the antiperspirant composition. Some suitable silicone gums include silicone polymers of the dimethylpolysiloxane type, which may have other attached groups such as phenyl, vinyl, cyano or acrylic, but methyl groups should be present in major proportion. Silicone polymers having viscosities less than about 100,000 centistokes (molecular weight less than about 100,000) at 25℃ are not considered silicone gums herein, but are generally considered silicone fluids. One non-limiting example of a suitable silicone gum is a silicone/gum fluid blend comprising a dimethiconol gum having a molecular weight of about 200,000 to 4,000,000 and a viscosity of about 0.65 to 100mm²s^-1The silicone fluid carrier of (1). The organic phaseAn example of a silicone/gum blend is available from Dow Corning, Inc., Michigan, Mich.S.A., Mich.. Other silicone gum Materials include SF1236 polydimethylsiloxane, SF1276 polydimethylsiloxane, and CF1251 polydimethylsiloxane, available from Momentive Performance Materials, Inc. of NY, USA, of My.

Antiperspirant compositions are preferably substantially or completely free of water added as a separate ingredient (i.e., anhydrous) because excessive addition of water can result in several deleterious effects, such as: 1) increase the tendency of the antiperspirant active to agglomerate (and thus increase the tendency to clog), and 2) reduce the dry feel of the skin. It should be understood that even anhydrous antiperspirant compositions may contain some water in combination with ingredients (e.g., antiperspirant active, tapioca material, etc.) that are additionally added to the antiperspirant composition.

D. Particulate material

It is believed that delivering a sufficient concentration of particles to the skin improves the skin feel of an antiperspirant composition comprising a high concentration of a non-volatile silicone fluid. It is believed that antiperspirant compositions comprising a ratio of total non-volatile liquid material to total particulate material (L/P ratio) of from about 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2 or 1.4 to about 1.6, 1.4, 1.2 or 1 can achieve a balance between sufficient particles to provide acceptable skin feel while minimizing the appearance of residue. The total particulate concentration of the antiperspirant composition can be from about 30%, 35%, or 40% to about 50%, or 45% by weight of the antiperspirant composition.

Antiperspirant compositions can comprise a variety of particulate materials. However, it is believed that in some instances the type (e.g., hydrophilic versus hydrophobic) and concentration of particulate material included in the antiperspirant composition may affect skin feel, antiperspirant active release, and clogging tendencies in the spray device. For example, excessive antiperspirant active can result in a wet or tacky skin feel, as the antiperspirant active tends to become tacky upon hydration (e.g., by sweating) even within the aforementioned L/P ratio. In addition, excessive hydrophobic particulate material can reduce the release of antiperspirant active from the composition. In contrast, inclusion of a hydrophilic particulate material can advantageously assist in the release of antiperspirant active, which can be beneficial in compositions containing high concentrations of non-volatile silicone fluids. However, hydrophilic materials may increase the risk of clogging in the presence of water. Accordingly, it is desirable to balance the above and other design considerations when incorporating particulate materials into antiperspirant compositions comprising non-volatile silicone fluids. It is believed that in some cases an L/P ratio of from about 1 to about 1.6 may be particularly beneficial to balance the trade-off between skin feel and residue in antiperspirant compositions comprising a non-volatile silicone fluid.

Some examples of suitable particulate materials include, but are not limited to, antiperspirant actives, powders (e.g., starch materials), encapsulated fragrance materials, and leavening or suspending agents (e.g., silica or clay materials). Other types of particulates can also be incorporated into the antiperspirant composition.

Antiperspirant active

Antiperspirant compositions comprise one or more antiperspirant actives. The antiperspirant active is in particulate form in the antiperspirant composition (rather than being dissolved therein). Accordingly, it is desirable to provide the antiperspirant composition in a form other than an emulsion, or the antiperspirant composition is substantially or completely free of solubilizers for the antiperspirant active. Antiperspirant compositions can be provided in the form of liquid dispersions (including suspensions and colloids). This is in contrast to, for example, WO 03/002082, which discloses dissolving an antiperspirant active in an emulsion having a dispersed phase and a continuous phase.

The compositions described herein can be free, substantially free, or can contain an antiperspirant active (i.e., any substance, mixture, or other material having antiperspirant activity). The antiperspirant active can be any particulate having antiperspirant activity. The antiperspirant active is preferably insoluble in the liquid component of the antiperspirant composition. Since the amount of antiperspirant active can significantly affect skin feel, the antiperspirant composition can comprise from about 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, or 24% to about 38%, 36%, 34%, 32%, 30%, 28%, or 26% by weight of the particulate antiperspirant active. In some instances, it is desirable to utilize a low concentration of antiperspirant active, such as less than 20% or 18% by weight of the antiperspirant composition. Antiperspirant active concentration refers to the amount of anhydrous added.

Some examples of suitable antiperspirant actives include astringent metallic salts, particularly inorganic and organic salts including aluminum. Some non-limiting exemplary aluminum salts that can be used include aluminum chloride and aluminum salts of the formula Al₂(OH)_aQ_bXH₂0, wherein Q is chloride, bromide, or iodide (preferably chloride), a is from about 2 to about 5, and a + b is about 6, and a and b need not be integers, and wherein X is from about 1 to about 6, and X need not be an integer. Particularly preferred are aluminum hydroxychlorides, wherein "a" is 5, referred to as "5/6 basic aluminum hydroxychloride", and wherein "a" is 4, referred to as "2/3 basic aluminum hydroxychloride". Aluminum salts of this type may be used according to USPN3,887,692, 3,904,741; and 4,359,456 in a manner more fully described. Preferred compounds include those having the empirical formula A1₂(OH)₅DI2H₂5/6 basic aluminum salt of 0; AIC1₃6H₂0 and A1₂(OH)5CI₂H₂A mixture of O wherein the weight ratio of aluminum chloride to aluminum hydroxychloride is up to about 0.5. The antiperspirant active may be, for example, aluminum chlorohydrate.

Aluminum salts can be prepared by methods well known in the art. In some embodiments, the aluminum salt may be prepared by applying heat to a dilute aqueous solution of the aluminum salt (e.g., less than 20% of the aluminum salt by weight of the dilute solution) to form a solid aluminum salt comprising an aluminum hydrolyzed polymer. Some non-limiting examples of such methods are described in USPN 4,871,525 and 4,359,456.

Substantially inert particulate material

The balance of the total particulate concentration of the antiperspirant composition can include excipient particulate material that is substantially inert with respect to itself and/or the antiperspirant active, meaning that there is no significant interparticle interaction with respect to itself and/or the antiperspirant active when present in the antiperspirant composition. The excipient particulate material does not include clays and silicas added to the antiperspirant composition as a bulking or suspending agent, as these particles can exhibit strong interparticle interactions. The excipient particulate material may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic (including hydrophobically modified, which tends to be moderately hydrophobic). Some non-limiting examples of substantially inert excipient particulate materials that may be included in the antiperspirant composition include, but are not limited to, encapsulated fragrance materials; native starches, such as tapioca, corn, oat, potato and wheat starch granules or hydrophobically modified versions of these starches; talc; calcium carbonate; perlite; mica and polyethylene beads. One non-limiting example of a suitable hydrophobically modified corn starch material includes aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, available from Aksu Nobel of the Netherlands under the trade designation Dry Flo PC or Dry Flo Pure. The substantially inert particles may be free flowing. The antiperspirant composition can comprise from about 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 12%, or 14% to about 25%, 22%, 20%, 18%, or 16% by weight of the antiperspirant composition of substantially inert particulates. One substantially inert particulate material believed to be suitable is a hydrophilically or hydrophobically modified tapioca starch material. Tapioca starch material may be particularly beneficial because it is less likely to cause allergic reactions if inhaled. Cassava is a starch that can be extracted from cassava plants, usually from roots, and then processed or modified as known in the art. The tapioca starch is advantageously substantially non-allergenic. One non-limiting example of a suitable hydrophobically modified tapioca starch material includes silicone grafted tapioca starch, available from Akksonobel of the Netherlands under the trade name Dry Flo TS. INCI names tapioca starch polymethylsilsesquioxane and can be prepared by the reaction of sodium methylsilsesquioxane and tapioca starch. The silicone grafted tapioca starch material is commercially available under CAS No. 68989-12-8. The silicone grafted tapioca starch material may be formed using any known method, including but not limited to those described in USPN7,375,214, 7,799,909, 6,037,466, 2,852,404, 5,672,699, and 5,776,476. Other non-limiting examples of suitable hydrophobically modified tapioca starch materials include Dry Flo AF (silicone modified starch available from Akzo Nobel), Rheoplus PC 541(Siam modified starch), Acistar RT starch (available from Cargill) and Lorenz 325, Lorenz 326 and Lorenz 810 (available from Lorenz, brazil). In some particular embodiments, the tapioca material may be hydrophilic so as to facilitate the release of antiperspirant active during use. One non-limiting example of a suitable hydrophilic tapioca starch material is available from aksunobel corporation (Akzo Nobel) under the tradename tapioca pure. In some particular embodiments, the substantially inert particulate material comprises hydrophilic tapioca material, hydrophobic tapioca material, or a mixture thereof.

The antiperspirant composition may optionally comprise one or more particulate fragrance carriers or materials that may or may not encapsulate the perfume component. The fragrance carrier is typically a particulate, which will be considered part of the total particulate concentration of the antiperspirant composition. The fragrance carrier is preferably hydrophobic to minimize particle-particle interactions. The fragrance carrier may be full or empty. A full fragrance carrier is a fragrance carrier that encapsulates or otherwise contains a perfume component when the fragrance carrier is stored within a spray device. A full fragrance carrier can release its perfume components through various mechanisms upon delivery from a spray device, thereby providing the user with a desired aroma or fragrance experience. For example, the perfume component may be released by moisture upon wetting of the fragrance carrier, for example by sweat or other body fluids. Alternatively or in addition, the perfume component may be released by rupture of the carrier, such as by application of pressure or shear force. An empty fragrance carrier is a fragrance carrier that does not contain a perfume component when stored within the spray device. One non-limiting example of an empty fragrance carrier is uncomplexed cyclodextrin material.

Some non-limiting examples of fragrance carriers suitable for encapsulating perfume components include, but are not limited to, oligosaccharides (e.g., cyclodextrins), starches, polyethylenes, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyacrylates, vinyl polymers, silicas, and aluminosilicates. Some examples of fragrance carriers are USPN 2010/0104611, 2010/0104613; 2010/0104612, respectively; 2011/0269658, respectively; 2011/0269657, respectively; 2011/0268802, respectively; 5,861,144, respectively; 5,711,941, respectively; 8,147,808, respectively; and 5,861,144 in a manner more fully described.

The antiperspirant composition can comprise from about 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, or 2% to about 20%, 16%, 12%, 10%, 8%, 6%, or 4% of the fragrance carrier, by weight of the antiperspirant composition. In some cases, the substantially inert excipient particles of the antiperspirant composition consist essentially of, or consist entirely of, the full fragrance carrier, the empty fragrance carrier, or a mixture thereof. The antiperspirant composition can comprise from about 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, or 1% to about 6%, 4%, or 2% of a full fragrance carrier, by weight of the antiperspirant composition. The antiperspirant composition can comprise from about 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, or 2% to about 16%, 12%, 10%, 8%, 6%, or 4% of the empty fragrance carrier, by weight of the antiperspirant composition. In some instances, it is desirable to incorporate a mixture of empty and full fragrance carriers in the antiperspirant composition, which may be included to achieve the desired total particle concentration without the risk of perfume overdose.

In some cases, it is desirable to provide a mixture of fragrance carrier and native starch powder to achieve the desired particle concentration. For example, a mixture of about 20:80 to 80:20 (fragrance carrier to starch) may be used. In some cases, a 50:50 mixture can be used, while in other cases the concentration of the natural starch powder can be about 6% or less by weight of the antiperspirant composition, while the concentration of the fragrance carrier can be about 9% or less by weight of the antiperspirant composition.

A variety of perfume components can be used with the fragrance carrier, including but not limited to volatile perfume components having a boiling point of less than about 260 ℃, more preferably less than about 250 ℃ at atmospheric pressure, perfume components having a very low odor detection threshold, and mixtures thereof. The boiling points of many Perfume components are given in, for example, "Perfume and flavour Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals)" written and published by Steffen Arctander in 1969.

Leavening and suspending agents

The antiperspirant composition may comprise a bulking or suspending agent. In some cases, it is desirable to include a bulking or suspending agent in the antiperspirant composition to reduce the risk of the antiperspirant composition clumping at the bottom of the container and/or to facilitate redispersion of the antiperspirant composition upon shaking without significant clumping to reduce the risk of clogging any small holes in the spray device. This may be particularly useful because antiperspirant actives are dense and prone to rapid settling and/or to clumping in the presence of moisture. Significant settling and/or agglomeration of the particulates in the antiperspirant composition can complicate the delivery of a uniform dose of antiperspirant active from the spray device. This in turn may negatively affect the skin feel or lead to the appearance of white residues. While other solutions for handling re-dispersion, settling and/or agglomeration may be employed, compromises may also be involved. For example, USPN7,815,899 suggests the use of high viscosity polymeric materials (e.g., quaternary ammonium functional silicones) to reduce the rate of sedimentation. However, in some cases, this approach may have trade-offs. For example, some quaternary silicones have a strong odor from amine impurities that can interfere with the fragrance of the product. In addition, these amines can interact adversely with the active species by lewis acid/base reactions.

The leavening or suspending agents may be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or mixtures comprising the same. In some particular embodiments, these materials may be hydrophilic to facilitate release of the antiperspirant active during use. Some examples of useful silica materials include, but are not limited to, colloidal silica. Some non-limiting examples of silica materials are available from winning industries, Inc. (Evonik industries) under the trade names Aerosil 200SP, Aerosil 300SP and Aerosil R972.

In some cases, the antiperspirant composition can comprise a clay material. Some non-limiting examples of clay materials include montmorillonite clay and hydrophobically treated montmorillonite clay. Smectite clays are clays containing the mineral montmorillonite, which can be characterized as having a suspended lattice. Some examples of these clays include, but are not limited to, bentonite, hectorite, and colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate. Some non-limiting examples of organoclays include modified bentonite, modified hectorite, modified montmorillonite, and combinations thereof, some of which are available under the trade names Bentone 27 (stearyldimethylbenzylammonium bentonite), Bentone34 (stearyldimethylbenzylammonium bentonite), and Bentone 38 (distearyldimethylammonium hectorite) from Hainans specialty Chemicals (Elementis specialties Plc.), Tixogel VPV (Quaternary ammonium 90 bentonite), Tixogel VZV (stearyldimethylbenzylammonium bentonite), Tixogel LGM (stearyldimethylbenzylammonium bentonite), and Claytone SO (stearyldimethylbenzylammonium bentonite) from Southern Clay Products.

The antiperspirant composition may also contain clay activators such as propylene carbonate, triethyl citrate, methanol, ethanol, acetone, water, and mixtures and derivatives thereof. The clay activator may also interact strongly with the antiperspirant active (e.g., causing clumping or encapsulation of the antiperspirant active and/or structural changes in the active polymer, which may reduce antiperspirant efficacy). Thus, it is desirable to limit the amount of clay activator present in the antiperspirant composition to from about 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, or 1.5% to about 3%, 2%, or 1.75% by weight of the antiperspirant composition.

III spraying device

To avoid excess antiperspirant composition, it is desirable that the total mass flow rate of the propellant/antiperspirant composition mixture of the spray device is less than 1.25 grams per second, or from about 0.5 grams per second to about 1.3 grams per second, or from about 0.6 grams per second to about 1.0 grams per second, or from about 0.7 grams per second to about 1.0 grams per second. The antiperspirant composition mass flow rate of the spray device can be less than 0.3 grams per second, or from about 0.1 grams per second to about 0.3 grams per second, or from about 0.1 grams per second to 0.2 grams per second, or from about 0.15 grams per second to about 0.2 grams per second. It is believed that mass flow rates greater than the above rates may result in a wet or tacky skin feel, as the total amount of antiperspirant composition deposited on the skin may be excessive.

The amount of antiperspirant active delivered to the target surface by two second application from the spray device may be from about 40mg, 50mg, 60mg or 70mg to about 100mg, 90mg or 80 mg. The total amount of antiperspirant composition delivered to the target surface by two second application of the spray device can be from about 0.1 grams to about 0.4 grams, or from about 0.2 grams to about 0.3 grams. The amount of liquid fragrance material delivered to the target surface by two second application of the spray device may be from about 3mg to about 20mg, or from about 6mg to about 15mg, or from about 6mg to about 12 mg. The amount of full fragrance carrier delivered to the target surface by two second application of the spray device may be from about 0.75mg to about 15mg, or from about 1mg to about 12mg, or from about 1mg to about 9 mg. The deposition efficiency of the antiperspirant composition and/or antiperspirant active and/or liquid fragrance material of the spray device can be from about 50%, 55%, 60%, 70% or 75% to about 85%, 80% or 75%.

One example of a suitable non-limiting valve assembly is described in USPN 4,396,152. One example of a Valve assembly is available from Precision Valve Company (USA) under the trade name Ecosol.

The user of the spray device can initiate the spray by depressing the actuator, thereby opening the valve which causes the liquid propellant/antiperspirant composition mixture to exit the actuator. Prior to actuation, it is desirable to shake or rotate the product to re-disperse the liquid material and the particulate material. Although the application time can vary widely, the user can depress the actuator for about 2 seconds to about 5 seconds, or about 2 seconds to about 4 seconds, or about 2 seconds to about 3 seconds to provide an array of antiperspirant composition for deposition to the underarm or underarm skin surface. The spray device may be sized to provide a total spray time of about 60 seconds to about 200 seconds, or about 70 seconds to about 150 seconds, about 90 seconds to about 130 seconds, thereby providing about 15 to about 50 uses for two seconds before depletion.