阅读说明：本技术 用于下流式反应器的污垢收集装置 (Dirt collecting device for downflow reactor ) 是由 徐占平 史蒂文·J·莱斯尼亚克 小罗伯特·L·邦廷 于 2018-12-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种污垢收集装置,该污垢收集装置位于下流式反应器头部内,用于从进料流中去除固体以增加反应器操作循环时间,而对用于催化剂装填的有效反应器空间没有影响。更具体地,过滤区域在反应器容器的上部部分中位于粗液体分配托盘和分配托盘上方。(The present invention relates to a fouling collection device located within the downflow reactor head for removing solids from the feedstream to increase reactor operating cycle time without affecting the effective reactor space for catalyst loading. More specifically, the filtration zone is located above the raw liquid distribution tray and the distribution tray in the upper portion of the reactor vessel.)

1. A reactor comprising an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein the upper portion contains a foulant collection device, wherein a filtration zone is located above a raw liquid distribution tray, and wherein a vapor-liquid distribution tray is located below the raw liquid distribution tray.

2. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the lower portion comprises a catalyst bed.

3. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the lower portion comprises media.

4. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the lower portion comprises packing.

5. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the filtration region comprises a layer of filtration material having the same physical and chemical properties.

6. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the filtration region comprises multiple layers of filtration material having different physical and chemical properties.

7. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the filtration region comprises porous ceramic particles.

8. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the filtration zone is spaced above the raw liquid distribution tray by a plurality of spacers.

9. The reactor of claim 8, wherein the partition is coupled to the raw liquid distribution tray and the vapor-liquid distribution tray.

10. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the vapor-liquid distribution tray comprises a plurality of distributors.

11. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the raw liquid distribution tray contains holes sized to produce a desired level of liquid on the raw liquid distribution tray.

12. An apparatus comprising an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein the upper portion comprises a foulant collection device, wherein a filtration zone is located above a raw liquid distribution tray, and wherein a vapor-liquid distribution tray is located below the raw liquid distribution tray, wherein the vapor-liquid distribution tray comprises a plurality of distributors, and wherein the lower portion comprises a catalyst bed.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the raw liquid distribution tray contains an aperture sized to produce a desired level of liquid on the raw liquid distribution tray.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an apparatus for improving the operation of a downflow reactor. More particularly, the present invention relates to a fouling collection device located within the downflow reactor head for removing solids from the feedstream to increase reactor operating cycle time without affecting the effective reactor space for catalyst loading.

Background

In downflow reactors, such as downflow reactors, a layer of filter material is typically placed on top of the first catalyst bed to capture particulates such as fines and fouling. Typically, the layer can be 6 inches to 36 inches thick and reduce the available space occupied by the catalyst. In addition, when solids accumulate within the filter material layer or between the filter material and the catalyst bed, causing high pressure drops, the filter material must be removed and replaced within the operating cycle.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention relates to a reactor comprising an upper section and a lower section, wherein the upper section comprises a fouling collection device. The filtration zone is located above the raw liquid distribution tray, and wherein the vapor-liquid distribution tray is located below said raw liquid distribution tray, and wherein the lower portion contains the catalyst bed. The filter region can comprise a single layer or multiple layers of filter material having the same or different physical and chemical properties. The filter region contains porous ceramic particles or other material that performs a similar function. The filtration zone can be spaced above the coarse liquid distribution tray by a plurality of spacers.

Drawings

Figure 1 shows the upper part of the reactor, showing the filter material above the distribution tray.

Detailed Description

It has now been found that different arrangements are preferred to filter particulates from the feed stream in the downflow reactor. In addition to having a layer of filter material on top of the catalyst, it has been found to be advantageous to include a layer of filter material above the distribution tray in the upper part of the reactor. More specifically, the fouling collection device is located in the upper portion or reactor head of the downflow reactor for removing solids from the feedstream and increasing the reactor operating cycle time without any effect on the amount of effective reactor space for catalyst loading. This is achieved by a specially designed dirt collection means located within the reactor head. As shown in fig. 1, the dirt collection means consists of a cylindrical side wall and a grid at the bottom, which is spaced a small distance above the coarse liquid distribution tray (RLDT). The filter material fills the space above the grid and inside the cylindrical sidewall. There can be a hold-down mesh at the top of the filter material to prevent it from moving around. The top of the cylindrical side wall is notched to control liquid overflow around the top of the wall in the event that the filter bed becomes clogged with solids to restrict liquid flow through the bed. The overflow liquid is intercepted by the lower larger diameter coarse liquid distribution tray to redistribute the liquid across the tray to the lower vapor-liquid distribution tray.

Gas and liquid enter the reactor through the inlet distributor. The inlet flow stream can be straightened vertically downward by an orifice plate at the top of the distributor. The liquid is distributed on top of the filter material. The gas is separated from the liquid in the space between the inlet distributor and the top of the filter material. The liquid flows downwardly through the filter material while the gas passes through the open annular region between the cylindrical sidewall and the reactor head. In the case where gas bypasses the filter material, the pressure drop does not increase even if the filter material is filled with solid.

By this design, reactor cycle time can be increased by additional filter beds within the top reactor head, or catalyst loading can be increased by reducing filter material on top of the catalyst bed. The liquid should be evenly distributed over the top of the filter bed to maximize its solids removal capacity.

The liquid leaving the dirt collection means is redistributed by the coarse liquid distribution tray below. The gas and liquid are then distributed to the catalyst bed through a vapor-liquid distribution tray in fluid communication with the coarse liquid distribution tray.

The coarse distribution tray includes an upper liquid retaining baffle.

As shown in fig. 1, an outer reactor shell having a rounded upper portion is shown for removing foulants and fines from a liquid stream within reactor 10, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The lower portion of reactor 10 contains a catalyst bed 26. A filtering area 16 is shown on top of the grid 14. The grid is supported by a number of supports 28 and is located a short distance above the raw liquid distribution tray 22 having a series of openings. Portions of the grate are disposed within the cylindrical sidewall for supporting filter material in the filter area 16. The cylindrical side wall is attached to a coarse liquid distribution tray 22. The grid is mostly open (more than 50%) to allow liquid to flow through the coarse liquid distribution tray. The top of the cylindrical side wall of the filtration zone 16 has openings (such as triangular or rectangular openings) for liquid overflow in the event that the filter bed becomes clogged with solids. The liquid then passes from the raw liquid distribution tray down to a vapor-liquid distribution tray 24, which is shown having a plurality of distributors 28. The gas and liquid then pass downwardly into the catalyst bed 26. The filtering area is designed such that the support of the grid offers minimal resistance to radial liquid flow over the coarse liquid distribution tray, thereby enabling redistribution of liquid over the tray.

The filter material used in the filtration zone can include particles, flakes, or other configurations of porous materials known in the art. Preferred materials for the filter region are ceramic particles having a high internal porosity, such as those available from crystaline phase Technologies, Inc, located in Houston, Texas USA. Other filter materials can be used, such as membrane filters, sand filters, and other similar filter materials. According to a preferred embodiment, the filtration zone comprises one or more layers of filter material having the same or different physical and chemical properties. The grid or grid with the wire mesh sheet above (with the porous material supported thereon) has openings that are smaller than the size of the particles or other configurations of the porous material.

This configuration also reduces the tendency of the coarse liquid distribution tray 22 and vapor-liquid distribution tray 24 to become clogged with solids with respect to the collection of solid material from the liquid. It has also been found that the quality of the liquid distribution through the raw liquid distribution tray 22 and the vapor-liquid distribution tray 24 is improved because the dirt collection device above the raw liquid distribution tray 22 reduces liquid turbulence on the raw liquid distribution tray.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

While the following is described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is to be understood that this description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the foregoing description and the appended claims.

A first embodiment of the invention is an apparatus comprising an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein the upper portion comprises a fouling collection device, wherein a filtration zone is located above a raw liquid distribution tray, and wherein a vapor-liquid distribution tray is located below the raw liquid distribution tray. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the first embodiment in this paragraph wherein the lower portion comprises a catalyst bed. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the first embodiment in this paragraph wherein the lower portion comprises a medium. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the first embodiment in this paragraph wherein the lower portion comprises a filler. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the first embodiment in this paragraph wherein the filtration region comprises a layer of filtration material having the same physical and chemical properties. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the first embodiment in this paragraph wherein the filtration region comprises a multilayer filtration material having different physical and chemical properties. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the first embodiment in this paragraph wherein the filtration region comprises porous ceramic particles. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the first embodiment in this paragraph wherein the filtration zone is spaced above the raw liquid distribution tray by a plurality of spacers. The apparatus reactor of claim 8, wherein the partition is coupled to the raw liquid distribution tray and the vapor-liquid distribution tray. The apparatus reactor of claim 1, wherein the vapor-liquid distribution tray comprises a plurality of distributors. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the first embodiment in this paragraph wherein the raw liquid distribution tray comprises an aperture sized to produce a desired liquid level on the raw liquid distribution tray.

A second embodiment of the invention is an apparatus comprising an upper section and a lower section, wherein the upper section comprises a foulant collection device, wherein a filtration zone is located above a raw liquid distribution tray, and wherein a vapor-liquid distribution tray is located below the raw liquid distribution tray, wherein the vapor-liquid distribution tray comprises a plurality of distributors, and wherein the lower section comprises a catalyst bed. An embodiment of the invention is one, any or all of prior embodiments in this paragraph up through the second embodiment in this paragraph wherein the raw liquid distribution tray comprises an aperture sized to produce a desired liquid level on the raw liquid distribution tray.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent and can readily ascertain the essential characteristics of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, to make various changes and modifications of the invention and to adapt it to various usages and conditions. Accordingly, the foregoing preferred specific embodiments are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever, and is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. In the foregoing, all temperatures are shown in degrees celsius and all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.