阅读说明：本技术 一种苦咸水脱盐浓水光热蒸发处理装置及其处理方法 (Concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination and treatment method thereof ) 是由 张耀中 王涛 曹昕 郑兴 邱晓鹏 于 2020-04-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种苦咸水脱盐浓水光热蒸发处理装置,包括反应池,反应池的液面上覆盖有陶瓷膜,反应池的外部设有冷凝室,冷凝室的侧壁为冷凝壁；冷凝室的顶部设有透镜,反应池的底部设有排水口,反应池的底部一侧还设有进水口,冷凝室的底部一侧设有冷凝水排放口；还包括导电率自动探头,导电率自动探头的探针穿过冷凝室进入反应池内；导电率自动探头分别连接直流电源和自动控制中心,原水水泵的进水端连接原水池,原水水泵的出水端连接进水口。本发明还公开了一种苦咸水脱盐浓水光热蒸发处理方法,本发明利用光热转换材料对浓盐水脱盐蒸发浓缩,将浓缩的盐分进行回收,提高资源再利用率。(The invention discloses a concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination, which comprises a reaction tank, wherein a ceramic membrane covers the liquid level of the reaction tank, a condensation chamber is arranged outside the reaction tank, and the side wall of the condensation chamber is a condensation wall; a lens is arranged at the top of the condensing chamber, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, a water inlet is also arranged on one side of the bottom of the reaction tank, and a condensed water outlet is arranged on one side of the bottom of the condensing chamber; the probe of the automatic conductivity probe penetrates through the condensing chamber and enters the reaction tank; the conductivity automatic probe is respectively connected with the direct current power supply and the automatic control center, the water inlet end of the raw water pump is connected with the raw water pool, and the water outlet end of the raw water pump is connected with the water inlet. The invention also discloses a concentrated brackish water desalting and photothermal evaporation treatment method, which utilizes a photothermal conversion material to desalt, evaporate and concentrate the concentrated saline water, recovers the concentrated salt and improves the resource reutilization rate.)

1. A concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination is characterized by comprising a reaction tank, wherein a ceramic membrane covers the liquid level of the reaction tank, a condensation chamber is arranged outside the reaction tank, and the side wall of the condensation chamber is a condensation wall; a lens is arranged at the top of the condensing chamber, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, a water inlet is also arranged on one side of the bottom of the reaction tank, and a condensed water outlet is arranged on one side of the bottom of the condensing chamber; the water outlet, the water inlet and the condensed water discharge outlet are all provided with valves;

the probe of the automatic conductivity probe penetrates through the condensing chamber and enters the reaction tank; the conductivity automatic probe is respectively connected with the direct current power supply and the automatic control center, the automatic control center is also connected with the raw water pump, the raw water pump is powered by the alternating current power supply, the water inlet end of the raw water pump is connected with the raw water pool, and the water outlet end of the raw water pump is connected with the water inlet.

2. The concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination according to claim 1, wherein the dc power source is powered by a solar panel.

3. The concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination according to claim 1, wherein a solar heating furnace condenser is disposed above the lens.

4. The concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment apparatus for brackish water desalination according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic membrane comprises a ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface and a ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface, the ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface is disposed downward and adjacent to the evaporation chamber, and the ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface is disposed upward and adjacent to the lens.

5. The concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination according to claim 1, wherein the lens is disposed at the top of the condensation chamber in an arch shape, and the lens and the condensation chamber form a closed space.

6. The evaporation treatment method of the concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination according to claims 1 to 5, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, controlling a raw water pump to be started through an automatic control center, simultaneously starting a valve at a water inlet, pumping water in a raw water pool into a reaction pool through the raw water pump, and controlling the raw water pump to be closed and simultaneously closing the valve at the water inlet when the liquid level of the reaction pool reaches a limit height;

step 2, absorbing pumped water to a ceramic membrane photo-thermal conversion surface by a ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface by utilizing inherent capillary water absorption of the ceramic membrane, wherein the ceramic membrane always floats on the liquid level of the reaction tank;

step 3, sunlight is gathered on a lens through a condenser of the solar heating furnace, the sunlight is dispersed on a ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface through the lens, and water adsorbed from a raw water pool is evaporated into steam after the photothermal conversion surface of the ceramic membrane receives heat;

step 5, opening a valve of a condensed water discharge port, condensing the evaporated water vapor to form water drops after the evaporated water vapor contacts a condensation wall, discharging the water drops through the condensed water discharge port, and collecting and recovering the condensed water through a recovery device;

step 6, detecting the conductivity of the water in the reaction tank through the automatic conductivity detection head, opening a valve of a water outlet when detecting that the conductivity of the water in the reaction tank meets the requirement, discharging the evaporated residual concentrated solution in the reaction tank through the water outlet, and closing the valve at the water outlet after the liquid in the reaction tank is completely discharged;

and 7, repeatedly executing the steps 1-6 until the bitter water in the raw water pool is completely pumped by the raw water pump.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of brackish water desalination, particularly relates to a concentrated brackish water photothermal evaporation treatment device, and further relates to a concentrated brackish water photothermal evaporation treatment method.

Background

The brackish water is widely distributed in coastal areas of the north and east China, but cannot be directly utilized or can not be utilized in a large range due to high mineralization degree, metal ions and the like, and belongs to poor water resources. According to the salinity of the brackish water, the brackish water can be divided into low salinity, medium salinity and high salinity brackish water; the salt concentration and the water desalination recovery in the high-concentration brackish water can effectively improve the utilization rate of resource substances and relieve the problems of fresh water shortage and water quality safety.

At present, the brackish water desalting method is mainly divided into two methods of distillation and membrane filtration. The distillation method is an early adopted desalination method, mainly comprises multi-stage flash evaporation, multi-effect distillation and the like, and has the advantages of simple equipment and better obtained water quality, but generally has large energy consumption, is easy to generate scale and causes corrosion to the equipment. The membranes used in membrane separation processes are selectively permeable and allow the separation of mixtures of substances mainly due to differences in the physical and chemical properties of the mixtures.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a concentrated brackish water desalting and photothermal evaporation treatment device, which utilizes a photothermal conversion material to desalt, evaporate and concentrate concentrated saline water, recovers the concentrated salt and improves the resource recycling rate.

The invention also aims to provide a concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment method for brackish water desalination. The invention adopts a first technical scheme that the device for the photothermal evaporation treatment of the brackish water desalination concentrated water comprises a reaction tank, wherein a ceramic membrane covers the liquid level of the reaction tank, a condensation chamber is arranged outside the reaction tank, and the side wall of the condensation chamber is a condensation wall; a lens is arranged at the top of the condensing chamber, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, a water inlet is also arranged on one side of the bottom of the reaction tank, and a condensed water outlet is arranged on one side of the bottom of the condensing chamber; the water outlet, the water inlet and the condensed water discharge outlet are all provided with valves;

the probe of the automatic conductivity probe penetrates through the condensing chamber and enters the reaction tank; the conductivity automatic probe is respectively connected with the direct current power supply and the automatic control center, the automatic control center is also connected with the raw water pump, the raw water pump is powered by the alternating current power supply, the water inlet end of the raw water pump is connected with the raw water pool, and the water outlet end of the raw water pump is connected with the water inlet.

The first technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that,

the direct current power supply supplies power through the solar cell panel.

A solar heating furnace condenser is arranged above the lens.

The ceramic membrane comprises a ceramic membrane photo-thermal conversion surface and a ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface, the ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface is arranged close to the evaporation chamber downwards, and the ceramic membrane photo-thermal conversion surface is arranged close to the lens upwards.

The lens is arranged at the top of the condensing chamber in an arched shape, and the lens and the condensing chamber form a closed space.

The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the evaporation treatment method of the brackish water desalination concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, controlling a raw water pump to be started through an automatic control center, simultaneously starting a valve at a water inlet, pumping water in a raw water pool into a reaction pool through the raw water pump, and controlling the raw water pump to be closed and simultaneously closing the valve at the water inlet when the liquid level of the reaction pool reaches a limit height;

step 2, absorbing pumped water to a ceramic membrane photo-thermal conversion surface by a ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface by utilizing inherent capillary water absorption of the ceramic membrane, wherein the ceramic membrane always floats on the liquid level of the reaction tank;

step 3, sunlight is gathered on a lens through a condenser of the solar heating furnace, the sunlight is dispersed on a ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface through the lens, and water adsorbed from a raw water pool is evaporated into steam after the photothermal conversion surface of the ceramic membrane receives heat;

step 5, opening a valve of a condensed water discharge port, condensing the evaporated water vapor to form water drops after the evaporated water vapor contacts a condensation wall, discharging the water drops through the condensed water discharge port, and collecting and recovering the condensed water through a recovery device;

step 6, detecting the conductivity of the water in the reaction tank through the automatic conductivity detection head, opening a valve of a water outlet when detecting that the conductivity of the water in the reaction tank meets the requirement, discharging the evaporated residual concentrated solution in the reaction tank through the water outlet, and closing the valve at the water outlet after the liquid in the reaction tank is completely discharged;

and 7, repeatedly executing the steps 1-6 until the water in the raw water pool is completely pumped by the raw water pump.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the photo-thermal conversion material to desalt, evaporate and concentrate the strong brine, wherein the energy consumption is more than 75 percent from solar energy; the evaporated water vapor is recovered, so that the problem of fresh water shortage is relieved; the concentrated salt is recycled, and the resource substance reutilization rate is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a solar heating furnace condenser, 2, a solar power generation panel, 3, a lens, 4, a ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface, 5, a ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface, 6, a condensate water discharge port, 7, a water discharge port, 8, a water inlet, 9, an automatic conductivity detection probe, 10, a direct current power supply, 11, an automatic control center, 12, a raw water tank, 13, a raw water pump, 14, an alternating current power supply, 15, a condensation wall, 16, a reaction tank and 17, a condensation chamber.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention discloses a concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination, which comprises a reaction tank 16, wherein a ceramic membrane covers the liquid level of the reaction tank 16, a condensation chamber 17 is arranged outside the reaction tank 16, and the side wall of the condensation chamber 17 is a condensation wall 15; the top of the condensing chamber 17 is provided with a lens 3, the bottom of the reaction tank 16 is provided with a water outlet 7, one side of the bottom of the reaction tank 16 is also provided with a water inlet 8, and one side of the bottom of the condensing chamber 17 is provided with a condensed water outlet 6; the water outlet 7, the water inlet 8 and the condensed water discharge port 6 are all provided with valves; the valves at the water outlet 7, the water inlet 8 and the condensed water discharge outlet 6 are controlled to open and close by an automatic control center 11.

The device also comprises an automatic conductivity probe 9 (of the prior structure), wherein a probe of the automatic conductivity probe 9 penetrates through the condensation chamber 17 and enters the reaction tank 16; the conductivity automatic probe 9 is respectively connected with a direct current power supply 10 and an automatic control center 11, and the direct current power supply 10 respectively supplies power to the conductivity automatic probe 9 and the automatic control center 11.

The automatic control center 11 is also connected with a raw water pump 13, the raw water pump 13 is powered by an alternating current power supply 14, the water inlet end of the raw water pump 13 is connected with the raw water pool 12, and the water outlet end of the raw water pump 13 is connected with the water inlet 8.

The direct current power supply 10 is supplied with power through the solar cell panel 2. A solar heating furnace condenser 1 is arranged above the lens 3. The raw water pool 12 contains bitter salt water.

The ceramic membrane comprises a ceramic membrane photo-thermal conversion surface 4 and a ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface 5, wherein the ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface 4 is arranged close to the reaction tank 16 downwards, and the ceramic membrane photo-thermal conversion surface 4 is arranged close to the lens 3 upwards.

The lens 3 is arranged on the top of the condensing chamber 17 in an arch shape, and the lens 3 and the condensing chamber 17 form a closed space.

The invention relates to an evaporation treatment method of a concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination, which specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, controlling a raw water pump 13 to be started through an automatic control center 11, simultaneously starting a valve at a water inlet 8, pumping water in a raw water pool 12 into a reaction pool 16 through the raw water pump 13, and controlling the raw water pump 13 to be closed and simultaneously closing the valve at the water inlet 8 by the automatic control center 11 when the liquid level of the reaction pool 16 reaches a limit height;

step 2, absorbing pumped water to a ceramic membrane photo-thermal conversion surface 4 by a ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface 5 by utilizing inherent capillary water absorption of the ceramic membrane, wherein the ceramic membrane always floats on the liquid level of the reaction tank 16;

step 3, the sunlight is gathered on a lens 3 through a condenser 1 of the solar heating furnace, the sunlight is dispersed on a ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface 4 through the lens 3, and the ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface 4 is heated and evaporates the water adsorbed from the raw water pool 12 into water vapor;

step 5, opening a valve of a condensed water discharge port 6, condensing the evaporated water vapor to form water drops after the evaporated water vapor contacts a condensation wall 15, discharging the water drops through the condensed water discharge port 6, and collecting and recovering the condensed water through a recovery device;

step 6, detecting the conductivity of the water in the reaction tank 16 through the automatic conductivity detection head 9, opening a valve of the water outlet 7 when detecting that the conductivity of the water in the reaction tank 16 meets the requirement, discharging the evaporated residual concentrated solution in the reaction tank 16 through the water outlet 7, and closing the valve at the water outlet 7 after the liquid in the reaction tank 16 is completely discharged;

and 7, repeatedly executing the steps 1-6 until the brackish water in the raw water pool 12 is pumped out by the raw water pump 13.

The invention relates to a concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device for brackish water desalination, which is characterized in that: placing the photothermal conversion ceramic membrane in brackish water wastewater, desalting the brackish water, desalting, condensing and recovering recovered water vapor, and relieving the problem of water resource shortage; the concentrated brine formed after evaporation and concentration is applied after the process.

The preparation process of the ceramic membrane in the brackish water desalination concentrated water photothermal evaporation treatment device comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing the SiO2 ceramic membrane, comprising the following steps:

step 1.1, preparing a casting solution, which specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1.1.1, weighing 53.5% of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 8% of polyether sulfone, 0.6% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 6% of calcium carbonate particles and the balance of a ceramic membrane reference substance according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%, the mixed particles of silica particles of the ceramic membrane reference substance are 31.9%, the components are mixed, and the mixture is continuously stirred under the condition of 230 ℃ until the components are uniformly mixed to form a casting solution;

step 1.1.2, putting the stirred membrane casting solution into 50 ℃ water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 2-3h with the power of 100HZ, uniformly mixing the membrane casting solution, performing constant-temperature oil bath on the ultrasonically-treated membrane casting solution, controlling the temperature to be 60 ℃, and stirring for 12h by magnetic force;

and step 1.1.3, keeping the temperature of the membrane casting solution stirred in the step 1.1.2 unchanged, standing still, and removing bubbles in the membrane casting solution.

In step 1.1.1, when the ceramic membrane reference substance is silica particles, the particle size of the silica particles is 60 μm.

Step 1.2, uniformly coating the casting solution prepared in the step 1.1 on a glass plate, putting the glass plate coated with the casting solution into water for phase conversion to form a film, taking out the phase-converted film to form a blank, and sintering at high temperature to prepare the ceramic film, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1.2.1, uniformly coating the casting solution obtained in the step 1.1 on a glass plate, then putting the glass plate coated with the casting solution into deionized water, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, carrying out solid-liquid phase conversion to obtain a flat membrane blank, and drying the flat membrane blank at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 10-12 hours;

step 1.2.2, in order to successfully prepare a ceramic membrane to form a ceramic framework, heating the membrane dried by 1.2.1, raising the temperature to 110 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, removing residual water and organic solvent, then raising the temperature in a furnace to 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, ensuring that organic adhesive components in the blank are fully volatilized and removed, further forming holes, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2.5 hours, and preheating a ceramic membrane reference substance; finally, heating to 1500 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min and keeping for 4.5h to form a ceramic framework;

step 2, preparing a ceramic membrane which is modified by a unidirectional skin layer and can be subjected to photothermal conversion;

the step 2 is as follows:

step 2.1, preparing an HCl solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, soaking the ceramic membrane prepared in the step 1 in the solution for 5min, decomposing calcium oxide and calcium carbonate particles in the ceramic membrane, enabling the membrane to have larger porosity and reducing the weight of the membrane, wherein the prepared membrane has good hydrophilicity and good capillary water absorption;

step 2.2, sticking and shielding one surface of the film obtained in the step 2.1 by using a waterproof adhesive tape;

step 2.3, preparing an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 15%, preparing a mixed solution of pyrrole with the concentration of 0.3mol/L, sulfuric acid with the concentration of 0.3mol/L, ethylene glycol with the concentration of 0.2mol/L and oxalic acid with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, and adding the prepared ethanol solution into the mixed solution for later use;

step 2.4, preparing a mixed solution of ammonium persulfate with the concentration of 0.15mol/L and sulfuric acid with the concentration of 0.253mol/L for later use;

step 2.5, soaking the ceramic membrane in the step 2.2 in the solution prepared in the step 2.3, wherein

Sticking the shielded surface with waterproof tape, placing in air, and completely immersing the other surface in the solution for 5min to accelerate dissolution of pyrrole in water solution;

step 2.6, taking out the ceramic membrane soaked in the step 2.5, putting the ceramic membrane into the solution prepared in the step 2.4, completely soaking to increase the action of an initiator and an oxidant, controlling the soaking time to be 2-3min, then placing the ceramic membrane into pure water for fully soaking, and generating a black polymer layer on the surface layer of the ceramic membrane which is not shielded;

step 2.7, soaking the film polymerized with the heat-conducting black polymer layer on the surface, obtained in the step 2.6, in an ethanol solution with the concentration of 50% for 15min, then washing with pure water, and enabling black substances not completely polymerized on the surface to fall off, wherein the surface of the ceramic film with the black polymer layer is a ceramic film photo-thermal conversion surface 4; the other side of the ceramic membrane is the ceramic membrane water absorption surface 5.

And 2.8, repeating the step 2.3-the step 2.7 for multiple times of polymerization, and controlling the repetition times to be 3-4 times, so that the surface macromolecule layer is firmer, and the ceramic membrane for photo-thermal conversion is obtained.

Step 3, preparing a one-way cortex modified photothermal conversion ceramic membrane clear water side nano coating modification, which comprises the following specific steps:

step 3.1, respectively preparing an epoxy resin solution and a polyamide resin solution with the mass fraction of 50%;

and 3.2, adding silicon dioxide and a silane coupling agent into the epoxy resin solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min, wherein the adding amount of the silicon dioxide is 15% of the mass of the epoxy resin solution, and the adding amount of the KH-50 silane coupling agent is 1% of the mass of the silicon dioxide.

And 3.3, mixing and stirring the silicon dioxide epoxy resin solution and the polyamide resin solution for 20min according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.25 of the epoxy resin to the polyamide curing agent, and coating a silicon dioxide/epoxy resin coating and a pure epoxy resin coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy by adopting a manual brush coating method, wherein the thickness of the coating is controlled to be 120 mu m. Drying the coating at room temperature for 3 days to obtain a ceramic membrane capable of performing photothermal conversion; the upper surface of the ceramic film is a ceramic film photothermal conversion surface; the lower surface of the ceramic film is a hydrophilic surface of the ceramic film.

The brackish water desalting concentrated water photo-thermal evaporation treatment device is used for desalting brackish water, and is concretely as follows.

The sunlight is converged on the upper surface of the ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface 4 by the lens 3, and the modified ceramic membrane hydrophilic surface on the other surface floats in the brackish water. When sunlight irradiates the upper surface of the ceramic membrane photothermal conversion surface 4, the ceramic membrane continuously absorbs water and is continuously evaporated and concentrated by utilizing capillary force due to capillary water absorption of the ceramic membrane, and salt is not crystallized on the surface of the hydrophilic side of the membrane but is concentrated in a concentrated solution due to modification of the nano coating in the step 4; the evaporated water vapor is condensed at the condensing wall 15 to recover distilled water, thereby alleviating the problem of water resource shortage.

The ceramic membrane is controlled at a certain height, the liquid level is reduced after the water amount is evaporated, the page controller of the control system automatically conducts a supplementary page, when the conductivity in the solution exceeds 50000mg/L, the control valve drains water, the treatment solution is replaced, the drained high-salinity water is recycled, the industrial application is realized, and the whole process is continuously carried out, wherein 70% of the electric quantity is derived from solar energy.