阅读说明：本技术 一种磷石膏生态砖、制备方法、边坡固定方法 (Phosphogypsum ecological brick, preparation method and side slope fixing method ) 是由 刘方 陈祖拥 刘元生 卜通达 于 2020-04-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于磷石膏技术领域,公开了一种磷石膏生态砖、制备方法、边坡固定方法,包括：选取磷石膏为原材料；先将部分磷石膏进行无害化处理；并加入胶结剂等,挤压成一定大小的四方形磷石膏框架；同时将部分磷石膏与生物质炭进行混合,添加少量矿质肥料以及胶结剂,挤压成多孔的四方形磷石膏板；此外,利用石灰调节剩余部分磷石膏的基质酸度,并添加少量生物质材料,构建不同类型植物生长的土壤基质；将得到的土壤基质放入石膏框架的圆形空心处和磷石膏板的孔隙中,即得所述坡面绿化磷石膏生态砖。本发明具备磷石膏综合利用率高、成本较低、植物基质保水保肥性好、边坡绿化植被覆盖度高的特点。(The invention belongs to the technical field of phosphogypsum, and discloses a phosphogypsum ecological brick, a preparation method and a side slope fixing method, which comprise the following steps: selecting phosphogypsum as a raw material; firstly, performing harmless treatment on part of phosphogypsum; adding cementing agent and the like, and extruding to obtain a square phosphogypsum frame with a certain size; simultaneously mixing part of phosphogypsum and biomass carbon, adding a small amount of mineral fertilizer and cementing agent, and extruding to form a porous square phosphogypsum board; in addition, adjusting the matrix acidity of the residual phosphogypsum by using lime, and adding a small amount of biomass material to construct soil matrixes for different types of plant growth; and putting the obtained soil matrix into the round hollow part of the gypsum frame and the pores of the phosphogypsum board to obtain the slope greening phosphogypsum ecological brick. The invention has the characteristics of high comprehensive utilization rate of phosphogypsum, lower cost, good water and fertilizer retention of plant matrix and high vegetation coverage of slope greening.)

1. The preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting phosphogypsum as a raw material;

step two, performing innocent treatment on a part of phosphogypsum, adding a cementing agent and other substances, and extruding to form a square phosphogypsum frame;

mixing the other part of phosphogypsum with biomass carbon, adding a mineral fertilizer and a cementing agent, and extruding to form a porous square phosphogypsum board;

regulating the acidity of the matrix of the residual phosphogypsum by using lime, and adding biomass materials to construct soil matrixes for different types of plant growth;

and fifthly, putting the obtained soil matrix into the round hollow part of the phosphogypsum frame and the pores of the phosphogypsum board to obtain the slope greening phosphogypsum ecological brick.

2. The preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harmless treatment in the second step is low-temperature calcination at 160-200 ℃;

and in the second step, the four-square phosphogypsum frame is a hollow frame with four round corners.

3. The method for preparing the phosphogypsum ecological brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the quadrangular phosphogypsum plate in the third step is matched with the obtained quadrangular phosphogypsum frame.

4. The preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mineral fertilizer in the third step is prepared from powdered rock phosphate and potassium ore.

5. The preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass materials in the fourth step comprise mushroom dregs, crop straw powder and waste paper pulp.

6. The preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, 30.0 percent of the phosphogypsum raw material by mass percent is washed and dried; adding 5.0 to 10.0 mass percent of market permeable concrete cementing agent and 1.0 mass percent of phenolic resin and other substances into the calcined phosphogypsum;

mixing 50.0 mass percent of phosphogypsum raw material with 20.0 mass percent of biomass carbon powder, simultaneously adding 1.0 mass percent of mineral fertilizer, phenolic resin and chitosan, and extruding into a porous square phosphogypsum board by using a mould;

and step four, adjusting the acidity of the matrix by using lime powder accounting for 10.0 percent by mass of the residual phosphogypsum raw material accounting for 20.0 percent by mass, adding biomass materials accounting for 30.0 to 40.0 percent by mass, and respectively adding biomass materials accounting for 40.0 percent by mass, biomass materials accounting for 30.0 percent by mass and soil matrix for plant growth of mineral fertilizers accounting for 1.0 percent by mass.

7. The phosphogypsum ecological brick prepared by the preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized by comprising a soil matrix, a gypsum frame and a phosphogypsum board.

8. A slope fixing method, characterized in that the phosphogypsum ecological brick of claim 7 is used for planting herbaceous plants and woody plants on the phosphogypsum ecological brick, and a slope surface is fixed by using plant roots; meanwhile, the holes of the phosphogypsum ecological brick are reinforced by rivets.

9. A slope greening method, characterized in that the phosphogypsum ecological brick of claim 7 is used for planting herbaceous plants and woody plants on the phosphogypsum ecological brick to improve the vegetation coverage and the plant diversity of a slope.

10. A construction material, characterized in that it comprises the phosphogypsum ecological brick according to claim 7, which is used for the laying production of siding panels, curbs, permeable pavement bricks.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of phosphogypsum, and particularly relates to a phosphogypsum ecological brick, a preparation method and a side slope fixing method.

Background

At present, phosphogypsum is solid waste residue generated when phosphorite powder is treated by sulfuric acid in the production of phosphoric acid, and the phosphogypsum is disposed in a stacking mode for a long time, so that a large amount of land is occupied, and the problem of great environmental pollution is caused. The large amount of phosphogypsum discharged every year and accumulated over the years becomes a serious environmental protection problem which restricts the sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry. The main component of the phosphogypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, and in addition, the phosphogypsum also contains various other impurities such as phosphate and silicate of mineral components Ca and Mg. At present, the phosphogypsum is mainly used for building materials and producing products such as high-strength plates, curbstones, permeable pavements and the like.

The main approach of developing and utilizing the phosphogypsum is to be used for cement industry, chemical raw materials, gypsum building material products, roadbed or backfilled mine, industrial filler, soil improvement and the like. The phosphorus and fluorine impurity components which are influenced most by the use performance of the phosphogypsum have uncertainty and diversity under the comprehensive influence of the production process, the control condition and the open-air stacking of the phosphogypsum; various technologies of comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum all need to control impurity components which have the greatest influence on service performance. The water washing and lime neutralization reaction treatment methods are two common options: the water washing is an ideal method for separating and reducing free acidic impurities of the phosphogypsum, and the problem is that a large amount of waste water needing secondary treatment is generated; lime neutralization is a relatively simple process for reducing and removing free acidic impurities of phosphogypsum, but the additional influence of lime neutralization needs to be considered. Currently, for economic reasons, the water washing method is hardly applied to the industrial production of comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum; lime neutralization treatment methods are also rarely used. Most of the phosphogypsum adopted in the actual comprehensive utilization production is long-term stacking raw materials which are naturally diluted by acidic impurities washed by rainwater. However, the effect of rainwater washing natural dilution has great uncertainty, the quality of products produced by corresponding comprehensive utilization also has great uncertainty, and soluble impurities of phosphogypsum are main reasons for restricting the utilization of phosphogypsum like natural gypsum. The building material produced by the phosphogypsum raw material has the quality index inferior to that of natural gypsum, and the gypsum product has long-term problems of salt frost, mildew and the like. The key to producing novel building materials by using the phosphogypsum raw material is to industrially produce building gypsum powder with high quality, low cost and stable performance index in large scale and then construct a series of building material products.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: at present, building gypsum products produced by using the phosphogypsum raw material have poor quality indexes, and the problems of salt frost and mildew exist in the use of the gypsum products.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the key point of the method for producing the novel gypsum building material by using the phosphogypsum is to produce the building gypsum powder with high quality, low cost and stable performance index in a large scale by using the phosphogypsum industry, wherein the problems of product development and utilization and market development mainly exist. The existing technology can not be basically used for producing building gypsum powder and products thereof for phosphogypsum with calcium sulfate dihydrate content less than or equal to 75 percent, the building gypsum powder with qualified quality is produced by using the phosphogypsum, the drying and calcining processes are needed, the investment and production cost is high from the aspects of calcining process and equipment, and the market prospect of the utilization of the phosphogypsum building materials is limited.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: according to the invention, only a small part of phosphogypsum is used for producing the building gypsum powder by adopting drying and calcining processes, and most of phosphogypsum can be directly used, so that the production cost is obviously reduced; and nutrient elements in the phosphogypsum are fully utilized, and meanwhile, the influence of harmful element migration in the phosphogypsum on the ecological environment is reduced by adding the curing agent, so that diversified products for ecological environment treatment can be produced, the utilization rate of the phosphogypsum can be greatly improved, and obvious environmental and ecological benefits are achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ardealite ecological brick, a preparation method and a slope fixing method.

The invention is realized in such a way, and the preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick comprises the following steps:

selecting phosphogypsum as a raw material;

washing and drying 30.0% by mass of phosphogypsum raw material, calcining at a low temperature of 160-200 ℃ for innocent treatment, adding 5.0-10.0% by mass of market permeable concrete cementing agent, 1.0% by mass of phenolic resin and other substances into the calcined phosphogypsum, and extruding by using a die to form a square phosphogypsum frame;

mixing 50.0% of phosphogypsum raw material and 20.0% of biomass carbon powder in percentage by mass, simultaneously adding 1.0% of mineral fertilizer (mixture of low-grade phosphate rock powder and potassium-rich shale powder) and a small amount of cementing agent (phenolic resin and chitosan) in percentage by mass, and extruding the mixture into a porous square phosphogypsum board by using a mould;

fourthly, adjusting the acidity of the matrix by using lime powder (the added mass percentage is 10.0%) to the residual phosphogypsum raw material with the mass percentage of 20.0%, and adding 30.0-40.0% by mass of biomass materials (mushroom dregs, crop straw powder, sawdust and the like) to respectively construct soil matrixes for the growth of herbaceous plants (the biomass materials are added with the mass percentage of 40.0%) and woody plants (the biomass materials are added with the mass percentage of 30.0% and the mineral fertilizers are added with the mass percentage of 1.0%);

and fifthly, putting the obtained soil matrix into the round hollow part of the phosphogypsum frame and the pores of the phosphogypsum board to obtain the slope greening phosphogypsum ecological brick.

Further, the harmless treatment in the second step is low-temperature calcination at 160-200 ℃.

Further, in the second step, the square phosphogypsum frame is a hollow frame with four round corners.

Further, the size of the square phosphogypsum plate in the third step is matched with the obtained square phosphogypsum frame in an embedded mode.

Further, the mineral fertilizer in the third step is phosphate rock powder and potassium mineral powder.

Further, the biomass materials in the fourth step comprise mushroom dregs, crop straw powder, sawdust and waste paper pulp.

The invention also aims to provide the phosphogypsum ecological brick prepared by the preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick, which is formed by filling gaps with an outer phosphogypsum frame, an inner phosphogypsum-lined gypsum board and a soil matrix.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a slope fixing method, which uses the phosphogypsum ecological brick to plant herbaceous plants and woody plants on the phosphogypsum ecological brick, and uses plant roots to fix a slope; meanwhile, the holes of the phosphogypsum ecological brick can be reinforced by rivets.

The invention also aims to provide a slope greening method, which uses the phosphogypsum ecological brick to plant herbaceous plants and woody plants on the phosphogypsum ecological brick so as to improve the vegetation coverage and the plant diversity of the slope.

The invention also aims to provide a building material which comprises the phosphogypsum ecological brick used for paving and producing wall panels, kerbs and permeable pavement bricks.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the phosphogypsum is used as a raw material, and the modifier is added according to the requirement of concrete quality, so that the quality level of the hollow brick is achieved, a certain space is provided for meeting the plant growth condition, the slope fixation and the slope greening are realized, and the utilization of the phosphogypsum as a building material is promoted. The invention has the characteristics of high comprehensive utilization rate of phosphogypsum, lower cost, good water and fertilizer retention of plant growth matrix and high vegetation coverage of slope greening.

The invention combines the requirements of ecological environment treatment in mining areas from the perspective of phosphogypsum building material utilization, takes phosphogypsum as a raw material, and adds a modifier according to the requirement of basically meeting the concrete quality, thereby not only reaching the quality level of hollow bricks, but also having a certain space to meet the plant growth conditions, realizing the slope fixation and slope greening, promoting the comprehensive utilization of the phosphogypsum, realizing the sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry, forming a set of new ways for phosphogypsum building material utilization, changing the phosphogypsum into valuables, promoting the development of the circular economy of the phosphorus chemical industry, and having good ecological and economic benefits.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a floor tile sample meeting the quality requirements of building material compressive strength and the like according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the proportioning test and effect of the phosphogypsum plant growth substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ardealite ecological brick, a preparation method and a slope fixing method, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the phosphogypsum ecological brick provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101: selecting phosphogypsum as a raw material; the selected phosphogypsum is divided into three parts.

S102: firstly, 30.0 percent of phosphogypsum raw material by mass percent is washed and dried, and is calcined at the low temperature of 160-200 ℃ for harmless treatment, 5.0-10.0 percent of market permeable concrete cementing agent by mass percent and 1.0 percent of phenolic resin and other substances by mass percent are added into the calcined phosphogypsum, and a square phosphogypsum frame is extruded by a mould;

s103: mixing 50.0% of phosphogypsum raw material and 20.0% of biomass carbon powder by mass percentage, simultaneously adding 1.0% of mineral fertilizer (mixture of low-grade phosphate rock powder and potassium-rich shale powder) and a small amount of cementing agent (phenolic resin and chitosan) by mass percentage, and extruding by using a die to form a porous square phosphogypsum board;

s104: adjusting the acidity of the matrix by using lime powder (the added mass percentage is 10.0%) to the residual phosphogypsum raw material with the mass percentage of 20.0%, and adding 30.0-40.0% by mass of biomass materials (mushroom dregs, crop straw powder, saw dust and the like) to respectively construct soil matrix for plant growth of herbaceous type (adding the biomass materials with the mass percentage of 40.0%) and woody type (adding the biomass materials with the mass percentage of 30.0% and mineral fertilizers with the mass percentage of 1.0%);

s105: and (5) placing the soil matrix obtained in the step (S104) into the circular hollow part of the phosphogypsum frame obtained in the step (S102) and the pores of the phosphogypsum plate obtained in the step (S103) to obtain the slope greening phosphogypsum ecological brick.

In step S102, circular hollows with a certain radius are left at four corners of the square phosphogypsum frame provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the square phosphogypsum frame can be reinforced by embedding rivets into hollow holes according to the slope gradient.

In step S103, the size of the square phosphogypsum board provided by the embodiment of the invention is matched with the mosaic of the square phosphogypsum frame obtained in step S102.

In step S103, the mineral fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the present invention is powdered rock phosphate, potassium ore powder, or potassium-rich shale powder, and the material source is rich.

In step S104, the biomass material provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, mushroom dregs, crop straw powder, and waste paper pulp.

The slope greening phosphogypsum ecological brick provided by the embodiment of the invention is formed by filling gaps with an outer phosphogypsum frame, an inner phosphorus gypsum board and a soil matrix.

The application method of the slope greening phosphogypsum ecological brick provided by the embodiment of the invention is to plant herbaceous plants and woody plants on the slope greening phosphogypsum ecological brick for greening.

The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.

The invention uses phosphogypsum as raw material, a part of phosphogypsum is firstly calcined at low temperature of 160-200 ℃ for harmless treatment, substances such as cementing agent and the like are added to increase the viscosity and strength of concrete material, and then a square phosphogypsum frame with a certain size is extruded, circular hollow cores with a certain radius are left at four corners of the frame, the compression strength and the like of the gypsum frame meet the quality requirements of related building material hollow brick products, and the function of slope support fixing is met. Meanwhile, phosphogypsum is mixed with biomass carbon in a certain proportion, and a small amount of mineral fertilizer (phosphate rock powder and potassium mineral powder) and cementing agent are added to extrude the mixture into a porous square phosphogypsum board, wherein the size of the porous square phosphogypsum board is required to be capable of being placed into the phosphogypsum frame manufactured in the previous step. In addition, nutrients (P, S, Ca, N and the like) in the phosphogypsum are utilized, a small amount of lime is added to adjust the acidity of a phosphogypsum matrix, and a small amount of biomass materials such as mushroom dregs, crop straw powder, waste paper pulp and the like are added to meet the nutritional requirements of plant growth, a soil matrix for growing herbaceous plants and woody plants is constructed, the soil matrix is placed in the circular hollow part of the phosphogypsum frame and the pores of the phosphogypsum board, the herbaceous plants and the woody plants are planted, and the requirements of greening engineering are met.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.