阅读说明：本技术 一种具有过鱼功能的船闸及其过鱼方法 (Ship lock with fish passing function and fish passing method thereof ) 是由 陆伟刚 李金宝 奚望 梁佳铭 于 2020-05-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种具有过鱼功能的船闸及其过鱼方法,属于水利工程技术领域。本发明利用船闸实现洄游鱼群过坝,在船闸下闸首设廊道泄水孔、输水底孔、上下对开式闸门产生诱鱼水流,将洄游鱼群引至闸室内,随后通过驱鱼闸门将洄游鱼群驱离闸室,实现过坝。本发明将船闸和鱼道合二为一,减少了工程建设的工作量,降低了投资的成本,提高了船闸的利用率；解决了拦河大坝建成后水上通航问题和水下鱼类洄游迁移问题；此方法节省了鱼道修建的工程投资成本和管理运营成本,同时提高了船闸的利用率,保证了河流流域生态环境平衡。(A ship lock with a fish passing function and a fish passing method thereof belong to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. The invention realizes the passage of migratory fish school through a ship lock, a gallery drainage hole, a water delivery bottom hole and an upper and lower split type gate are arranged at the head of a ship lock lower lock to generate fish luring water flow, the migratory fish school is led into a lock chamber, and then the migratory fish school is driven out of the lock chamber through a fish driving gate to realize the passage of the dam. The invention combines the ship lock and the fishway into a whole, reduces the workload of engineering construction, lowers the investment cost and improves the utilization rate of the ship lock; the problems of water navigation and underwater fish migration after the river-blocking dam is built are solved; the method saves the engineering investment cost and the management operation cost for constructing the fishway, improves the utilization rate of the ship lock, and ensures the ecological environment balance of the river basin.)

1. The utility model provides a ship lock with cross fish function, includes lock room, goes up the lock head, lower lock head, upper reaches navigation wall, low reaches navigation wall, characterized by, the lower lock head downstream side is equipped with from top to bottom to open-type gate, lays corridor upper reaches gate, corridor downstream gate in the water delivery corridor of this ship lock, the bottom plate department of lower lock head is equipped with the water delivery bottom hole, be equipped with water delivery bottom hole gate in the water delivery bottom hole.

2. The ship lock with the fish passing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower lock head is provided with a fish driving gate at the lock chamber side, the fish driving gate is arranged on a transverse track of the fish driving gate, and the transverse track of the fish driving gate is arranged in the lower lock head along the vertical water flow direction; and arranging a longitudinal rail of the fish gate along the water flow direction, wherein the longitudinal rail of the fish gate is arranged between the transverse rail of the fish gate and the upstream gate at the head of the upper gate.

3. The ship lock with the fish passing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wall body of the downstream navigation wall is provided with a gallery drainage hole, and the gallery drainage hole is connected with a water conveying gallery.

4. The ship lock with the function of passing fish of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower split gates have a water stop between the upper gate and the lower gate.

5. The ship lock with the fish passing function as claimed in claim 2, wherein a door storehouse is provided at one side of the transverse rail of the fish driving lock door.

6. The fish passing method of the ship lock with the fish passing function as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: closing the upstream gate and the corridor upstream gate, opening the corridor downstream gate, generating water flow under the action of the potential energy difference of upstream and downstream water, and inducing the migratory fish school to be in front of the lower gate head by the water flow;

step two: opening a water delivery bottom hole gate at the bottom plate of the lower gate head, then putting down a lower leaf gate of the upper and lower split type gate to generate fish luring water flow, and enabling the migratory fish to enter a gate chamber from the lower gate head;

step three: after the migratory fish school enters the gate chamber, lifting a lower leaf gate of the upper and lower split gates, and closing a corridor downstream gate and a water delivery bottom hole gate;

step four: opening an upstream gate of the corridor, and opening the upstream gate when the water level of the gate chamber is kept to be level with the water level of the upstream;

step five: the mechanical power equipment moves the fish driving gate of the gate library on one side of the lower gate head along the transverse track of the fish driving gate to the downstream end of the longitudinal track of the fish driving gate, and then the mechanical power equipment is started again to move the fish driving gate along the longitudinal track of the fish driving gate from the lower gate head to the upper gate head;

step six: before the fish driving gate moves to the upstream gate, the migratory fish school is driven away from the ship lock, and the upstream gate is closed; and the fish driving lock gate returns to the upper lock head along the longitudinal rail of the fish driving lock gate under the action of mechanical power equipment, and then moves to a side door garage along the transverse rail of the fish driving lock gate, so that the process of passing fish by the ship lock is completed once.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a ship lock with a fish passing function and a fish passing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering.

Background

In order to meet various requirements of flood control, irrigation, power generation and the like, river blocking buildings are often constructed on rivers so as to form reservoirs, raise water levels and regulate runoff. The river-blocking building brings convenience to people in production and life, but also brings other problems. The river-blocking building blocks not only the water shipping channel but also the migration channel of underwater migration fishes. At present, aiming at the problem of blocking an overwater shipping channel, the adopted measures are to construct a navigation building which is mainly divided into a ship lock and a ship lift.

Aiming at the problem of blocking a migration channel of underwater migratory fishes, the measures mainly taken at home and abroad are divided into three categories: firstly, artificial propagation releasing is carried out; secondly, building an artificial simulated spawning site in the river channel; and thirdly, building fish passing facilities which mainly comprise fishways, fish gates, fish lifts and the like.

The existing fish remedial measures have certain effects, but have respective defects. In the fish remedy measures, the fishway is established and applied most widely, but the fishway has the following defects: the floor space is large, the investment cost is high in the early stage of construction, the operation management cost is high after construction, and the design difficulty is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ship lock with a fish passing function and a fish passing method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, so as to combine the ship lock and a fishway into a whole and reduce the operation management cost.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a ship lock with a fish passing function, which comprises a ship lock chamber, an upper lock head, a lower lock head, an upstream navigation wall and a downstream navigation wall and is characterized in that a gate which is divided from top to bottom is arranged on the downstream side of the lower lock head, a corridor upstream gate and a corridor downstream gate are distributed in a water delivery corridor of the ship lock, a water delivery bottom hole is formed in the bottom plate of the lower lock head, and a water delivery bottom hole gate is arranged in the water delivery bottom hole.

Preferably, the lower lock head is provided with a fish driving lock gate at the lock chamber side, the fish driving lock gate is arranged on a transverse track of the fish driving lock gate, and the transverse track of the fish driving lock gate is arranged in the lower lock head along the direction vertical to the water flow; and arranging a longitudinal rail of the fish gate along the water flow direction, wherein the longitudinal rail of the fish gate is arranged between the transverse rail of the fish gate and the upstream gate at the head of the upper gate.

Preferably, the wall body of the downstream navigation wall is provided with a gallery drainage hole, and the gallery drainage hole is connected with the water delivery gallery.

Preferably, the upper and lower split type gates are provided with water stop between the upper gate and the lower gate.

Preferably, one side of the transverse track of the fish driving gate is provided with a gate warehouse.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a fish passing method of a ship lock with a fish passing function, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: closing the upstream gate and the corridor upstream gate, opening the corridor downstream gate, generating water flow under the action of the potential energy difference of upstream and downstream water, and inducing the migratory fish school to be in front of the lower gate head by the water flow;

step two: opening a water delivery bottom hole gate at the bottom plate of the lower gate head, then putting down a lower leaf gate of the upper and lower split type gate to generate fish luring water flow, and enabling the migratory fish to enter a gate chamber from the lower gate head;

step three: after the migratory fish school enters the gate chamber, lifting a lower leaf gate of the upper and lower split gates, and closing a corridor downstream gate and a water delivery bottom hole gate;

step four: opening an upstream gate of the corridor, and opening the upstream gate when the water level of the gate chamber is kept to be level with the water level of the upstream;

step five: the mechanical power equipment moves the fish driving gate of the gate library on one side of the lower gate head along the transverse track of the fish driving gate to the downstream end of the longitudinal track of the fish driving gate, and then the mechanical power equipment is started again to move the fish driving gate along the longitudinal track of the fish driving gate from the lower gate head to the upper gate head;

step six: before the fish driving gate moves to the upstream gate, the migratory fish school is driven away from the ship lock, and the upstream gate is closed; and the fish driving lock gate returns to the upper lock head along the longitudinal rail of the fish driving lock gate under the action of mechanical power equipment, and then moves to a side door garage along the transverse rail of the fish driving lock gate, so that the process of passing fish by the ship lock is completed once.

The invention realizes the passage of migratory fish school through a ship lock, a gallery drainage hole, a water delivery bottom hole and an upper and lower split type gate are arranged at the head of a ship lock lower lock to generate fish luring water flow, the migratory fish school is led into a lock chamber, and then the migratory fish school is driven out of the lock chamber through a fish driving gate to realize the passage of the dam. The invention combines the ship lock and the fishway into a whole, reduces the workload of engineering construction, lowers the investment cost and improves the utilization rate of the ship lock; the problems of water navigation and underwater fish migration after the river-blocking dam is built are solved; the method saves the engineering investment cost and the management operation cost for constructing the fishway, improves the utilization rate of the ship lock, and ensures the ecological environment balance of the river basin.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the external structure of the ship lock of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the ship lock of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;

in the figure: 1-lower gate head, 2-upper gate head, 3-downstream water level, 4-upstream water level, 5-gate chamber, 6-up-down split gate, 7-fish driving gate, 8-upstream gate, 9-water conveying gallery, 10-water conveying bottom hole, 11-water conveying bottom hole gate, 12-fish driving gate transverse track, 13-fish driving gate longitudinal track, 14-water stop, 15-gallery downstream gate, 16-gallery upstream gate, 17-gallery drain hole, 18-downstream navigation wall, 19-door gallery.

Detailed Description

As shown in the figure, a ship lock with the fish passing function is provided with a gallery drainage hole 17 on the wall of a downstream navigation wall 18, the gallery drainage hole 17 is connected with a water delivery gallery 9, and a gallery upstream gate 16 and a gallery downstream gate 15 are distributed in the water delivery gallery 9; the bottom plate of the lower lock head 1 of the ship lock is provided with a water delivery bottom hole 10, and a water delivery bottom hole gate 11 is arranged in the water delivery bottom hole 10. The downstream side of the lower lock head 1 of the ship lock is provided with a vertically split gate 6, and the middle of the vertically split gate is provided with a water stop 14.

A fish driving lock gate 7 is arranged on the side of the lock chamber of the lower lock head 1 of the ship lock, the fish driving lock gate 7 is arranged on a transverse rail 12 of the fish driving lock gate, and the transverse rail 12 of the fish driving lock gate is arranged in the lower lock head 1 along the direction vertical to the water flow; and a fish gate driving longitudinal rail 13 is arranged along the water flow direction through the upper gate head 2, the gate chamber 5 and the lower gate head 1, and the fish gate driving longitudinal rail 13 is arranged between the fish gate driving transverse rail 12 and the upstream gate 8.

The gallery drainage hole 17, the water delivery bottom hole 10 and the upper and lower split gates 6 are water flow generating facilities, and generate water flow under the action of the potential energy difference of the upstream water and the downstream water. The migratory fish swarm has a stress characteristic to the water flow, and the water flow generation facility induces the migratory fish swarm to the lock chamber for aggregation by utilizing the characteristic.

The fish gate 7 can move on the fish gate transverse rail 12 and the fish gate longitudinal rail 13. When the ship lock passes through the ship, the fish driving lock door 7 is stopped at a door storehouse 19 at the head side of the lower lock; when the ship lock passes through fish, the fish driving lock gate 7 moves from the transverse rail 12 of the fish driving lock gate to the longitudinal rail 13 of the fish driving lock gate, and the fish driving lock gate 7 moves from the lower lock head to the upper lock head under the action of mechanical power equipment, so that the aim of driving fish is fulfilled.

The height of the lower leaf gate of the up-down split gate 6 can be adjusted according to the water levels of the upstream and the downstream and the requirement of the migratory fish swarm on the water depth.

A fish passing method of a ship lock with a fish passing function comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: closing the upstream gate 8 and the corridor upstream gate 16, opening the corridor downstream gate 15, generating water flow under the action of the potential energy difference of upstream and downstream water, and inducing the migratory fish school to be in front of the lower gate head 1 by the water flow;

step two: opening a water delivery bottom hole gate 11, then putting down a lower leaf gate of an upper and lower split type gate to generate fish luring water flow, and enabling the migratory fish to enter a lock chamber 5 from a lower lock head 1;

step three: after the migratory fish school enters the gate chamber, lifting the lower leaf gate of the upper and lower split type gate, and closing the corridor downstream gate 15 and the water delivery bottom hole gate 11;

step four: opening an upstream gate 16 of the corridor, and opening an upstream gate 8 when the water level of the gate chamber 5 is kept level with the upstream water level;

step five: the mechanical power equipment moves the fish driving gate 7 of the gate storeroom 19 on one side of the lower gate head to the downstream tail end of the longitudinal rail 13 of the fish driving gate, and then the mechanical power equipment is opened again to pull the fish driving gate from the lower gate head 1 to the upper gate head 2;

step six: before the fish driving gate 7 moves to the upstream gate 8, the migratory fish school is driven away from the ship lock, and the upstream gate 8 is closed. The fish driving lock gate 7 returns to the gate storeroom 19 at the first side of the lower lock along the track under the action of mechanical power equipment, and the process of passing fish by the ship lock is completed once.