阅读说明：本技术 一种防治反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的功能性饲料的制备方法 (Preparation method of functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants ) 是由 程勐万里 刘素芳 薛芹 喻勇 符秀迪 于 2019-12-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种防治反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的功能性饲料的制备方法,属于饲料领域,该方法包括以下步骤：将玉米粉碎、加干净水搅拌调浆,得到玉米淀粉浆,在玉米淀粉浆中加入a-淀粉酶,进行液化酶解,再加入糖化酶,制得玉米糖浆；将酵母接种到玉米糖浆中,发酵后制得酵母液体培养物；将松针粉、锯末粉、糖蜜、葡萄糖和尿素加入酵母液体培养物中,经混合均匀后制得固态发酵培养基；将高产柠檬酸黑曲霉菌种接到固态发酵培养基中,经发酵后,制得富含柠檬酸固态培养基；将富含柠檬酸固态培养基干燥后,与氯化钙、山楂和陈皮混合,制得所述防治反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的功能性饲料。本发明制得的饲料可以防治反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a functional feed for preventing and treating ruminant rumen acidosis, belonging to the field of feeds, and the method comprises the following steps: pulverizing corn, adding clean water, stirring, mixing to obtain corn starch slurry, adding alpha-amylase into the corn starch slurry, performing liquefaction and enzymolysis, and adding diastase to obtain corn syrup; inoculating yeast into corn syrup, and fermenting to obtain yeast liquid culture; adding pine needle powder, sawdust powder, molasses, glucose and urea into a yeast liquid culture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium; inoculating high-yield aspergillus niger to a solid fermentation culture medium, and fermenting to obtain a solid culture medium rich in citric acid; drying the solid culture medium rich in citric acid, and mixing with calcium chloride, hawthorn and dried orange peel to prepare the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminant rumen acidosis. The feed prepared by the invention can prevent and treat ruminant rumen acidosis.)

1. A preparation method of a functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) pulverizing corn, adding clean water, stirring, mixing to obtain corn starch slurry, heating to the temperature required by liquefaction enzymolysis, adding alpha-amylase into the corn starch slurry, performing liquefaction enzymolysis, and adding diastase to obtain corn syrup;

(2) inoculating yeast into corn syrup, and fermenting to obtain yeast liquid culture;

(3) adding pine needle powder, sawdust powder, molasses, glucose and urea into a yeast liquid culture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium;

(4) inoculating high-yield aspergillus niger to a solid fermentation culture medium, and fermenting to obtain a solid culture medium rich in citric acid;

(5) drying the solid culture medium rich in citric acid, and mixing with calcium chloride, hawthorn and dried orange peel to prepare the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminant rumen acidosis.

2. The preparation method of the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the weight ratio of the corn to the clean water is 100: 50-2000, the addition amount of the alpha-amylase is 0.005-600U/g of substrate dry basis, the liquefaction temperature is 30-180 ℃, the liquefaction time is 0.05-15 h, the addition amount of the saccharifying enzyme is 0.02-200U/g of substrate dry basis, the saccharifying enzymolysis temperature is 8-150 ℃, and the saccharifying enzymolysis time is 0.05-120 h.

3. The preparation method of the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the weight ratio of the corn to the clean water is 100: 400-600 g, the addition amount of the alpha-amylase is 15.0-25U/g of substrate dry basis, the liquefaction temperature is 70-105 ℃, the liquefaction time is 1-3 h, the addition amount of the saccharifying enzyme is 20-30U/g of substrate dry basis, the saccharification enzymolysis temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the saccharification enzymolysis time is 18-24 h.

4. The preparation method of the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the inoculation amount of the saccharomycete strain liquid is 0.05-25%, the fermentation temperature is 10-80 ℃, the initial pH of the fermentation is 1.0-15, the fermentation time is 2-168 hours, and the calibrated dissolved oxygen is 0.5-500%.

5. The preparation method of the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the inoculation amount of the saccharomycete strain liquid is 5-10%, and the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃; the initial pH of the fermentation is 4.5-5.0, the fermentation time is 12-16 h, and the nominal dissolved oxygen is 20-30%.

6. The preparation method of the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the weight ratio of the pine needle powder, the sawdust powder, the molasses, the glucose, the urea and the yeast liquid culture is 100: 1-1000: 0-800: 0 to 500: 0 to 50: 1-2000, in the step (4), the inoculation amount of the high-yield aspergillus niger strain liquid is 0.03-30%, the fermentation temperature is 2-80 ℃, the initial fermentation pH is 2.0-16, the calibrated dissolved oxygen is 0.5-500%, and the fermentation time is 2-480 hours.

7. The preparation method of the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the weight ratio of the pine needle powder, the sawdust powder, the molasses, the glucose, the urea and the yeast liquid culture is 100: 20-30: 20-30: 5-10: 0.5-1: 100-120%, in the step (4), the inoculation amount of the high-yield aspergillus niger strain liquid is 6-8%, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃, the initial fermentation pH is 6.0-7, the calibrated dissolved oxygen is 10-15%, and the fermentation time is 96-120 hours.

8. The preparation method of the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the weight ratio of the citric acid-rich solid culture medium, the calcium chloride, the hawthorn and the dried orange peel is 100: 0.05-200: 0.03-150: 0.02-100.

9. The preparation method of the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the weight ratio of the citric acid-rich solid culture medium, calcium chloride, hawthorn and dried orange peel is 100: 20-30: 15-20: 12-15.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ruminant feed, in particular to a preparation method of functional feed for preventing and treating ruminant rumen acidosis.

Background

China is a big population country and also a big country of ruminant breeding industries such as cattle and sheep. In 2018, 1 hundred million beef cattle are stored and grown out of a farm in China for 5000 million heads, the beef yield is 789 million tons, mutton sheep are stored and grown for 3 million heads, the farm is grown for 2.5 million heads, the mutton yield is 450 million tons, the dairy cow is stored and grown for 1200 million heads, the milk yield is 3800 million tons, and the rumination feed for cattle and sheep reaches 1004 million tons. Therefore, the ruminant industry in China is large in scale.

In recent years, with the increasing number of stock lots of ruminants such as cows and sheep and the vigorous push of grazing and grazing prohibition measures, and the problems of excessive concentrated feed content and improper concentrated and coarse feed ratio commonly existing in the structural composition of the feed for cows and sheep, the phenomenon of nutritional diseases, particularly rumen acidosis, is commonly caused. The main causes of rumen acidosis are: firstly, the feeding management is improper, the forage grass is single, the forage grass of farmers is lack, the feeding is improper, the corn straw or the silage corn forage grass is mainly used for a long time, and the pure corn is used as the concentrated feed for feeding, so that the nutrition is unbalanced. According to investigation, all the sick animals have history of overeating the concentrated feed, and the feed intake is 500-1000 g of corn granules per animal per day. Secondly, the exercise is insufficient. Because of limited confined feeding conditions and insufficient exercise amount, the metabolism is slowed down, and the disease is also one of the causes. It was investigated that the disease is mostly caused by animals raised in captivity, and the incidence of the disease is low mainly by grazing, and the clinical symptoms of rumen acidosis are as follows: the common type of the disease is suffered from cattle spirit depression, dull eyes, unwilling to walk, unstable gait, pale conjunctiva and sunken eye sockets, and severe dehydration symptoms are presented. Anorexia or abstinence, stopping rumination, grinding teeth, chewing, salivation, thin and soft feces, light and foul feces, normal or low body temperature, and gradually emaciation of sick animals until death along with the prolongation of the disease course. II, nervous type. The sick animals show obvious nervous symptoms, are excited and uneasy to move against obstacles, have certain opisthotonos, are congested with conjunctiva, stare at two eyes, have visual disturbance or disappearance, slow response, ataxia and strong movement, have the body temperature of 38.5 ℃ mostly, and die due to unconsciousness and even coma along with the development of the state of illness.

Rumen acidosis has great harm to the health and production performance of animals, and also influences the related metabolism in vivo and the normal conversion and utilization of nutrients by animals, thereby influencing the functions of reproduction, immunity, growth, lactation and the like. Although a few literature reports on rumen acidosis exist in China, the rumen acidosis is ubiquitous, the incidence rate of the rumen acidosis is increased year by year in China, and huge economic losses are brought to livestock production. Therefore, in recent years, the prevention and treatment of rumen acidosis is a ruminant feed problem which needs to be solved urgently in cattle and sheep production practice.

In summary, ruminal acidosis of ruminants is a metabolic disease that ruminal lactic acid is produced too much after the ruminants eat a large amount of concentrated feed, so that rumen microbial system disorder and dysfunction are caused, and the pH value of the rumen is below 5 in acute acidosis. When rumen acidosis occurs, the number of main lactic acid producing bacteria-streptococcus bovis in rumen is obviously increased, and the growth rate of lactic acid utilizing bacteria-crescent moon monosomyia and giant coccus aegypti is slower.

The ruminant crescent monad and the giant coccus aegypti are main lactic acid utilization bacteria in the rumen, can ferment 60-80% of the lactic acid yield in the rumen under the anaerobic condition, and can compete with the streptococcus bovis for nutrients such as glucose, maltose and the like to inhibit the growth of the streptococcus bovis.

Yeast culture refers to a microbial preparation formed by the anaerobic fermentation of yeast on a specific medium under the control of specific process conditions. It is mainly composed of yeast extracellular metabolite, culture medium after fermentation and a small amount of inactive yeast cells. Some researches show that the yeast culture has the effects of stimulating the reproduction of rumen cellulose bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, changing the rumen fermentation mode, reducing the rumen ammonia concentration, improving the rumen microbial protein yield and the feed digestibility and the like. The yeast culture with the concentration of 1-3% is added into the daily ration of the dairy cow, so that the dairy cow has an obvious milk increasing effect in the early lactation period, the daily average milk yield can be increased by 0.48-1.74 kg, and the daily average milk yield can be increased by 1.13 kg. The effect of yeast cultures on dairy cows is affected by the level of dietary nutrition and the physiological state of the animal. The yeast culture shows obvious milk increasing effect on the dairy cows because the culture is a metabolite of the yeast and can promote rumen fermentation to ensure that ammonia bacteria, protein synthesis bacteria, fiber bacteria and the like are propagated and grown in large quantities, thereby improving the digestibility of feed crude fiber and the efficiency of bacteria for synthesizing mycoprotein by NPN (non-protein nitrogen).

A large number of researches show that organic acids such as fumaric acid, citric acid, L-aspartic acid and the like can promote the growth of lactic acid utilization bacteria comamonas ruminants, provide precursors, participate in a succinic acid-propionic acid path, stimulate the production of propionic acid, promote the comamonas ruminants to utilize lactic acid, and increase the production of carbon dioxide, so that the pH value of rumen is increased, and the occurrence of chronic acidosis is reduced.

In addition, researches show that the simultaneous addition of the monensin and the dicarboxylic acid can reduce the accumulation of lactic acid in a rumen by inhibiting the growth of lactic acid producing bacteria (such as streptococcus bovis) and promoting the additive effect of the growth of lactic acid utilizing bacteria (crescent monad of ruminant), so as to reduce the occurrence of rumen acidosis, but the effect is limited, the pH value in the rumen is only improved by 0.07-0.31 unit compared with that of the addition of the dicarboxylic acid, and the effect on serious acidosis is not obvious. However, from the economic benefit, the method of adding a plurality of forage grasses rich in citric acid (such as the citric acid content reaches 2.9-4.5 percent of the dry weight of the forage grass when the alfalfa is matured for 42 days) can be adopted to achieve the purpose of inhibiting rumen acidosis by using citric acid more economically.

The pine needle powder is prepared by collecting young branches and needles cut from pine trees, drying and crushing. Pine needles are green and faint scent, and are a livestock and poultry feed additive with higher nutritional value which is being developed by people in recent years. The pine needle powder is prepared from leaves of Pinus massoniana, Pinus pumila, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, Pinus sylvestris and Abies fir, and is rich in crude protein, fat, trace elements, vitamins, etc. According to the determination, the pine needle powder contains 7-12% of crude protein, the total content of 18 amino acids such as lysine, aspartic acid and the like reaches 5.5-8.1%, the content of crude fat is 7-12%, the content of nitrogen-free extract is 37%, the ash content is 2-6%, the content of iron, manganese and cobalt are higher than that of common pasture, the pine needle powder contains provitamin A, vitamin B, C, K, E and the like, wherein the content of vitamin C is 650 mg/kg, the content of chlorophyll is 2200 mg/kg, and the content of metabolic energy of the pine needle powder is 16.72-30.90 MJ/kg. According to the report, 3% of pine needle powder is added into the feed, so that the immune function of the chicks can be comprehensively improved, the disease resistance, the stress resistance and the survival rate of the chicks are improved, and the growth of the chicks is promoted.

The sawdust refers to foam-like sawdust of trees scattered from the trees by cutting during wood processing. The sawdust powder after fermentation and disinfection is used as a medium for transitional cultivation after the test-tube plantlet is taken out of a bottle after the pH value is adjusted, and the effect is as good as that of the perlite powder.

Hawthorn, also called "Crataegus pinnatifida" has high nutritive and medicinal value, contains multiple vitamins, tartaric acid, citric acid, crataegolic acid, malic acid and the like, and also contains flavonoid, lactone, sugar, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other minerals. The research of the applicant finds that the hawthorn can promote the digestion of fat food, promote the secretion of gastric juice and endogenous enzyme of the sow, mainly treat the food stagnation of the sow and obviously increase the food intake of the sow.

Dried orange peel, name of traditional Chinese medicine. Is dried mature pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco of Rutaceae and its cultivar. The medicinal materials are classified into pericarpium citri reticulatae and pericarpium citri reticulatae. Picking mature fruit, peeling peel, and drying in the sun or at low temperature. The dried orange peel is a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of promoting digestion and increasing appetite. Firstly, the dried orange peel contains the limonoid substance, and for the special substance like limonoid taste, the dried orange peel can promote the intestinal peristalsis of animals, is very helpful for promoting the digestion of the animals, can effectively promote the digestion of the animals, contains a large amount of essential oil, hesperidin, vitamin B, C and other nutrients which are significant to the animals, and has mild stimulation to the intestines and the stomach, so that the secretion of digestive juice in the bodies of the animals can be well promoted, the pneumatosis in the intestines and the stomach can be effectively eliminated, and the appetite can be effectively increased.

Calcium chloride has effects of protecting liver and improving liver detoxification ability, and is commonly used for treating various liver diseases or poisoning diseases. Calcium chloride is used as solidifying agent for canned vegetable. It also solidifies the soybean curd into tofu, and can be used as a raw material for cooking molecular gourmet food to gelatinize the surface of vegetable and fruit juice by reacting with sodium alginate to form marbled beads. As an electrolyte to sports drinks or some soft drinks including bottled water. The calcium chloride has strong salty taste, so that the calcium chloride can be used for preparing pickled cucumbers instead of table salt without increasing the sodium content of the food.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants, which can improve microbial flora in the digestive tracts of the ruminants, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in intestinal tracts, reduce the concentration of rumen lactic acid and effectively prevent and treat the ruminal acidosis of the ruminants.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a functional feed for preventing and treating ruminal acidosis of ruminants comprises the following steps:

(1) pulverizing corn, adding clean water, stirring, mixing to obtain corn starch slurry, heating to the temperature required by liquefaction enzymolysis, adding alpha-amylase into the corn starch slurry, performing liquefaction enzymolysis, and adding diastase to obtain corn syrup;

(2) inoculating yeast into corn syrup, and fermenting to obtain yeast liquid culture;

(3) adding pine needle powder, sawdust powder, molasses, glucose and urea into a yeast liquid culture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium;

(4) inoculating high-yield aspergillus niger to a solid fermentation culture medium, and fermenting to obtain a solid culture medium rich in citric acid;

(5) drying the solid culture medium rich in citric acid, and mixing with calcium chloride, hawthorn and dried orange peel to prepare the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminant rumen acidosis.

Preferably, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the corn to the clean water is 100: 50-2000, the addition amount of the alpha-amylase is 0.005-600U/g of substrate dry basis, the liquefaction temperature is 30-180 ℃, the liquefaction time is 0.05-15 h, the addition amount of the saccharifying enzyme is 0.02-200U/g of substrate dry basis, the saccharifying enzymolysis temperature is 8-150 ℃, and the saccharifying enzymolysis time is 0.05-120 h.

Preferably, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the corn to the clean water is 100: 400-600 g, the addition amount of the alpha-amylase is 15.0-25U/g of substrate dry basis, the liquefaction temperature is 70-105 ℃, the liquefaction time is 1-3 h, the addition amount of the saccharifying enzyme is 20-30U/g of substrate dry basis, the saccharification enzymolysis temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the saccharification enzymolysis time is 18-24 h.

Preferably, in the step (2), the inoculation amount of the saccharomycete strain liquid is 0.05-25%, the fermentation temperature is 10-80 ℃, the initial pH of the fermentation is 1.0-15, the fermentation time is 2-168 hours, and the calibrated dissolved oxygen is 0.5-500%.

Preferably, in the step (2), the inoculation amount of the saccharomycete strain liquid is 5-10%, and the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃; the initial pH of the fermentation is 4.5-5.0, the fermentation time is 12-16 h, and the nominal dissolved oxygen is 20-30%.

Preferably, in the step (3), the weight ratio of the pine needle powder, the sawdust powder, the molasses, the glucose, the urea and the yeast liquid culture is 100: 1-1000: 0-800: 0 to 500: 0 to 50: 1-2000, in the step (4), the inoculation amount of the high-yield aspergillus niger strain liquid is 0.03-30%, the fermentation temperature is 2-80 ℃, the initial fermentation pH is 2.0-16, the calibrated dissolved oxygen is 0.5-500%, and the fermentation time is 2-480 hours.

Preferably, in the step (3), the weight ratio of the pine needle powder, the sawdust powder, the molasses, the glucose, the urea and the yeast liquid culture is 100: 20-30: 20-30: 5-10: 0.5-1: 100-120%, in the step (4), the inoculation amount of the high-yield aspergillus niger strain liquid is 6-8%, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃, the initial fermentation pH is 6.0-7, the calibrated dissolved oxygen is 10-15%, and the fermentation time is 96-120 hours.

Preferably, in the step (5), the weight ratio of the citric acid-rich solid medium to the calcium chloride to the hawthorn and the dried orange peel is 100: 0.05-200: 0.03-150: 0.02-100.

Preferably, in the step (5), the weight ratio of the citric acid-rich solid medium, the calcium chloride, the hawthorn and the dried orange peel is 100: 20-30: 15-20: 12-15.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the functional feed for preventing and treating ruminant rumen acidosis prepared by the invention is rich in yeast culture, citric acid, biotin, various amino acids and trace elements, can improve the microbial flora in the digestive tract of the ruminant, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract, greatly reduces the concentration of rumen lactic acid, and effectively prevents and treats ruminant rumen acidosis.

(2) The fermented pine needle powder, the fermented sawdust powder and the yeast liquid culture are combined to effectively prevent and treat rumen acidosis of cattle and sheep, and the effect is very good.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.