阅读说明：本技术 一种精密异形孔的加工方法 (Method for machining precise special-shaped hole ) 是由 李志强 望龙飞 于 2019-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种精密异形孔的加工方法,其特征在于：所述加工方法包括：步骤1、钻孔加工：用钻头在零件上钻出圆孔；步骤2、铣刀开粗：采用直角铣刀对零件上的圆孔以分层进刀的方式进行铣削,形成具有倒角的异形孔；步骤3、成型刀开粗：采用成型刀对零件上的异形孔以断续进刀的方式进行冲压,形成无倒角的异形孔；步骤4、精密成型刀精修：采用精密成型刀对零件上的异形孔进行一次性冲压成型,在零件上形成预设尺寸的异形孔。上述加工方法不需要对零件进行二次定位,避免了铣削加工成型中的不稳定性,可形成高精度的异型孔。(A processing method of a precise special-shaped hole is characterized in that: the processing method comprises the following steps: step 1, drilling: drilling a round hole on the part by using a drill bit; step 2, roughing a milling cutter: milling round holes on the parts by a right-angle milling cutter in a layered feed mode to form special-shaped holes with chamfers; step 3, roughing a forming cutter: punching the special-shaped hole on the part by adopting a forming cutter in an intermittent feeding mode to form the special-shaped hole without a chamfer; step 4, fine trimming of a precision forming cutter: and (3) carrying out one-time punch forming on the special-shaped hole on the part by adopting a precision forming cutter to form the special-shaped hole with a preset size on the part. The processing method does not need to carry out secondary positioning on the part, avoids instability in milling and forming and can form high-precision special-shaped holes.)

1. A processing method of a precise special-shaped hole is characterized in that: the processing method comprises the following steps:

step 1, drilling: drilling a round hole on the part by using a drill bit;

step 2, roughing a milling cutter: milling round holes on the parts by a right-angle milling cutter in a layered feed mode to form special-shaped holes with chamfers;

step 3, roughing a forming cutter: punching the special-shaped hole on the part by adopting a forming cutter in an intermittent feeding mode to form the special-shaped hole without a chamfer;

step 4, fine trimming of a precision forming cutter: and (3) carrying out one-time punch forming on the special-shaped hole on the part by adopting a precision forming cutter to form the special-shaped hole with a preset size on the part.

2. The method of machining a precision shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, the depth of each cutting is 1/3 of the milling cutter in the layered cutting process.

3. The method of machining a precision shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the single margin for forming the special-shaped hole with the chamfer is 0.05 mm.

4. The method of machining a precision shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3, the depth of each cutting is 1/3 of the forming cutter during intermittent feeding.

5. The method of machining a precision shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: the single margin for forming the non-chamfered irregular hole is 0.02 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a machining method of parts, in particular to a machining method of a precise special-shaped hole.

Background

After the primary forming of the special-shaped hole on the part, in order to make the aperture more accurate (the tolerance is 0.01 mm), subsequent precision machining is required. At present, a mode of cutting a slow-running wire after a machine is used for processing a blank or a mode of electric discharge machining is mainly used for ensuring that the forming size of the special-shaped hole is more accurate.

However, whether slow wire cutting or electrical discharge machining is performed, the product needs to be positioned secondarily, which results in form and position tolerance and difficulty in ensuring the machining position. In addition, when the product is a material which is easy to rust such as a copper material, an iron piece and the like, the product is corroded by a spark machine and a discharge cutting fluid, and the problems of high processing cost and poor dimensional stability of the special-shaped hole are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for machining a precision special-shaped hole, including:

step 1, drilling: drilling a round hole on the part by using a drill bit;

step 2, roughing a milling cutter: milling round holes on the parts by a right-angle milling cutter in a layered feed mode to form special-shaped holes with chamfers;

step 3, roughing a forming cutter: punching the special-shaped hole on the part by adopting a forming cutter in an intermittent feeding mode to form the special-shaped hole without a chamfer;

step 4, fine trimming of a precision forming cutter: and (3) carrying out one-time punch forming on the special-shaped hole on the part by adopting a precision forming cutter to form the special-shaped hole with a preset size on the part.

Further, in the step 2, the depth of each cutting is 1/3 of the milling cutter when the layered cutting is performed.

Further, in the step 2, a single margin for forming the irregularly shaped hole having the chamfer is 0.05 mm.

Further, in step 3, the depth of each cutting is 1/3 of the forming cutter diameter when the cutting is intermittently performed.

Further, the single margin for forming the non-chamfered special-shaped hole was 0.02 mm.

After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the effects that:

1. the secondary positioning of parts is not needed, the instability in milling and forming is avoided, and high-precision special-shaped holes can be formed.

2. The chamfer that produces after milling process can not exist in the processing part, improves the manufacturability of product, greatly reduced product manufacturing cost.

3. The roughness (Ra) of the machined special-shaped hole is 0.4 or less than 0.4.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a part after drilling according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a milling cutter according to the present invention after roughing;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rough part of a forming knife according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of a part after being processed by the precision forming tool according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

It is specifically noted that the terms "first", "second" and "third" in the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise. All directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement, and the like in a certain posture, and if the certain posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described by the following examples:

the invention provides a method for processing a precise special-shaped hole, which comprises the following steps of:

step 1, drilling: as shown in fig. 2, a round hole 2a is drilled in the part 1 by a drill;

step 2, roughing a milling cutter: as shown in fig. 3, a right-angle milling cutter is used for milling a round hole 2a on the part 1 in a layered cutting mode to form a special-shaped hole 2b with a chamfer R;

step 3, roughing a forming cutter: as shown in fig. 4, a shaped hole on the part 1 is punched by a forming cutter in an intermittent feed (also called pecking feed) manner to form a shaped hole 2c without a chamfer R;

step 4, fine trimming of a precision forming cutter: as shown in fig. 5, the special-shaped hole on the part 1 is formed by one-time press forming by using a precision forming cutter, and a special-shaped hole 2d with a preset size is formed on the part.

The milling cutter roughing is mainly to machine the size profile of the special-shaped hole and remove the allowance of the drilling machining as much as possible. The condition of tool stuffiness and tool breakage caused by overlarge processing depth in the rough processing of the milling cutter is avoided by adopting a layered feeding mode.

Wherein, the thick chamfer that leaves in the dysmorphism hole after the shaping sword is opened roughly mainly gets rid of right angle milling cutter and opens thick can reduce the resistance before the precision forming sword truing processing on the one hand, and on the other hand also can avoid the part after the one shot forming to kick-back because stress release, leads to the problem that the aperture can't reach the requirement. The stress of the forming cutter in the processing can be dispersed by adopting the intermittent feed, and the conditions of abrasion and fracture caused by overlarge stress of the forming cutter in the one-time punch forming process are avoided.

Specifically, in step 2, layered feed is performed with each plunge depth of mill diameter 1/3 until a predetermined hole depth is milled. Such as: the diameter of the milling cutter is 0.9mm, and each feed is 0.3 mm.

Specifically, in step 2, the single-sided margin for forming the shaped hole with the chamfer was 0.05 mm.

Specifically, in step 3, the cutting depth is set to the forming cutter diameter 1/3 each time the cutting is intermittently performed until the predetermined hole depth is punched. Such as: the diameter of the forming cutter is 3mm, and the cutting is 1mm each time.

Specifically, in step 3, the single margin for forming the non-chamfered irregularly shaped hole is 0.02 mm.

Therefore, the processing method has the following beneficial effects:

1. the secondary positioning of parts is not needed, the instability in milling and forming is avoided, and high-precision special-shaped holes can be formed.

2. The chamfer that produces after milling process can not exist in the processing part, improves the manufacturability of product, greatly reduced product manufacturing cost.

3. The roughness (Ra) of the machined special-shaped hole is 0.4 or less than 0.4.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that equivalent changes or modifications in the structure, features and principles of the invention described in the claims should be included in the claims.