阅读说明：本技术 生物质复合材料的制备方法及其应用 (Preparation method and application of biomass composite material ) 是由 胡海玲 王立端 吴菡晗 于 2019-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种生物质复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤：(1)将生物质材料进行清洗；(2)浸泡：在室温下,将清洗干净的生物质材料置于清水或染色剂水溶液中浸泡；(3)磨解或编织重组：将浸泡后的生物质材料放入磨解机内进行磨解,以获得长度为3-10cm的纤维；或将浸泡后的生物质材料料进行编织组合成整合的状态,且进行预压处理；(4)干燥；将步骤(3)得到的生物质材料在自然通风状态下放置2～3d；(5)混合：将干燥后的生物质材料与生物质胶粘剂按一定比例混合形成组坯,或在干燥后的生物质材料上刷涂一定量的生物质胶粘剂形成组坯,即为生物质复合材料。采用本发明的生物质复合材料制成的生物质容器或生物质板材具有天然的纹理,且不含有毒物质。(The invention provides a preparation method of a biomass composite material, which comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning the biomass material; (2) soaking: soaking the cleaned biomass material in clear water or a dyeing agent water solution at room temperature; (3) grinding or weaving and recombining: putting the soaked biomass material into a milling machine for milling to obtain fibers with the length of 3-10 cm; or weaving the soaked biomass material to form an integrated state, and performing pre-pressing treatment; (4) drying; placing the biomass material obtained in the step (3) for 2-3 days in a natural ventilation state; (5) mixing: and mixing the dried biomass material and the biomass adhesive according to a certain proportion to form an assembly, or brushing a certain amount of biomass adhesive on the dried biomass material to form an assembly, namely the biomass composite material. The biomass container or biomass plate made of the biomass composite material has natural texture and does not contain toxic substances.)

1. The preparation method of the biomass composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cleaning the biomass material;

(2) soaking: soaking the cleaned biomass material in clear water or a dyeing agent water solution for 24-60 hours at room temperature;

(3) grinding or weaving and recombining: putting the soaked biomass material into a milling machine for milling to obtain fibers with the length of 3-10 cm; or weaving the soaked biomass material to form an integrated state, and performing pre-pressing treatment;

(4) drying; placing the biomass material obtained in the step (3) in a natural ventilation state for 2-3 d, or drying at 50-70 ℃ for 4-8 h;

(5) mixing: mixing the dried biomass material and a biomass adhesive according to a certain proportion to form an assembly, or brushing a certain amount of biomass adhesive on the dried biomass material to form an assembly, wherein the assembly is the biomass composite material.

2. The preparation method of the biomass composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the mass ratio of the biomass material to the biomass adhesive is 2.0-3.5: 1.0 to 2.0.

3. The preparation method of the biomass composite material according to claim 1, wherein the biomass adhesive is prepared by mixing glutinous rice glue, glutinous rice powder and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the glutinous rice glue to the glutinous rice powder to the deionized water is 8-12: 3-7: 1 to 3.

4. The method of preparing a biomass composite according to claim 1, wherein the biomass material is straw, wheat straw, sugar cane, loofah, seaweed or cattail.

5. The method for preparing a biomass composite according to claim 4, wherein when the biomass material is straw, wheat straw or sugar cane, the step (3) is performed according to a milling step; when the biomass material is loofah sponge, seaweed or cattail, the step (3) is carried out according to a weaving recombination step.

6. The method for preparing a biomass composite material according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous colorant solution in the step (2) is prepared by: and (2) mixing a coloring agent and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-20, preparing a mixed solution, heating and boiling to 100 ℃, and obtaining the aqueous solution of the coloring agent after the coloring agent is soaked out.

7. The method for preparing the biomass composite material according to claim 6, wherein the staining agent is one or two of a blue butterfly flower, a pale butterflybush flower, a sappan wood, a gardenia or a perilla herb.

8. Use of a biomass composite, characterized in that the biomass composite obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is formed into a biomass container or biomass board.

9. The use of the biomass composite according to claim 8, wherein the specific step of forming the biomass composite into a biomass container or biomass panel comprises: hot-pressing or cold-pressing molding; repairing; and surface waterproofing treatment.

10. The use of the biomass composite according to claim 9, wherein the conditions of the hot press forming are as follows: hot pressing for 180-300 s at the temperature of 80-110 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0-6.0 MP;

the cold press molding conditions are as follows: molding for 2-4 days at the pressure of 4.0-8.0 MP at normal temperature;

the surface waterproof treatment comprises the following steps: the natural wood wax oil diluted by 10% absolute ethyl alcohol is used for wiping the surface of the biomass container or the biomass board, after the first wiping, the natural wood wax oil is dried for 24 hours at normal temperature, and then the second wiping is carried out.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of material engineering, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a biomass composite material.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, the annual crop yield reaches hundreds of millions of tons, a large amount of agricultural excess materials are generated in the processing and treatment process of crop products, most of the agricultural excess materials are directly discarded or burned on the spot, so that environmental pollution and data waste are caused, and the development of utilizing the agricultural excess materials as environment-friendly products in the current industrial production development is highly regarded by people.

However, products produced by crop excess materials in the current market comprise artificial wood boards, straw tiles, straw tableware and the like, and the products all adopt chemically synthesized substances as biomass adhesives in the preparation process, and the substances can generate a large amount of gases harmful to human bodies in the production and use processes, so that the products are not beneficial to the health of the human bodies; in addition, the existing product produced by utilizing the crop excess material does not have the characteristic of texture, the processing process step of texture processing needs to be added in the processing process, so that the steps of the whole processing process are more complicated, and the texture layer added in the later stage is easy to damage along with the prolonging of the service time of the product, so that the product cannot be used or needs to be subjected to texture processing again, and the cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a biomass composite material, wherein the raw materials of the biomass composite material are all natural materials and do not contain toxic substances, and the obtained biomass composite material and a biomass container or a biomass plate made of the biomass composite material have natural textures, without adding a processing process of texture treatment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a biomass composite material comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning the biomass material;

(2) soaking: soaking the cleaned biomass material in clear water or a dyeing agent water solution for 24-60 hours at room temperature;

(3) grinding or weaving and recombining: putting the soaked biomass material into a milling machine for milling to obtain fibers with the length of 3-10 cm; or weaving the soaked biomass material to form an integrated state, and performing pre-pressing treatment;

(4) drying; placing the biomass material obtained in the step (3) in a natural ventilation state for 2-3 d, or drying at 50-70 ℃ for 4-8 h;

(5) mixing: mixing the dried biomass material and a biomass adhesive according to a certain proportion to form an assembly, or brushing a certain amount of biomass adhesive on the dried biomass material to form an assembly, wherein the assembly is the biomass composite material.

Further, in the step (5), the mass ratio of the biomass material to the biomass adhesive is 2.0-3.5: 1.0 to 2.0. Wherein the main chemical components of the biomass material are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin; cellulose and hemicellulose are composed of carbohydrates, and lignin is an aromatic compound.

Further, the biomass adhesive is formed by mixing glutinous rice glue, glutinous rice flour and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the glutinous rice glue to the glutinous rice flour to the deionized water is 8-12: 3-7: 1 to 3.

Further, the biomass material is straw, wheat straw, sugarcane, loofah sponge, seaweed or cattail.

Further, when the biomass material is straw, wheat straw or sugarcane, the step (3) is carried out according to a grinding step; when the biomass material is loofah sponge, seaweed or cattail, the step (3) is carried out according to a weaving recombination step. The purpose of grinding or restructuring and weaving the soaked biomass material is to enhance the adhesion between the biomass material and the biomass adhesive so as to better brush the biomass adhesive on the biomass material.

Further, the aqueous colorant solution in step (2) is prepared by the following method: and (2) mixing a coloring agent and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-20, preparing a mixed solution, heating and boiling to 100 ℃, and obtaining the aqueous solution of the coloring agent after the coloring agent is soaked out.

Further, the staining agent is one or two of Clitoria ternifolia, Buddleja officinalis, lignum sappan, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis or Perilla frutescens.

The biomass composite material prepared by the method can be formed into a biomass container or a biomass plate.

Further, the specific steps of forming the biomass composite into a biomass container or biomass panel include: hot-pressing or cold-pressing molding; repairing; and surface waterproofing treatment.

Further, the conditions of the hot press molding are as follows: hot pressing for 180-300 s at the temperature of 80-110 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0-6.0 MP;

the cold press molding conditions are as follows: molding for 2-4 days at the pressure of 4.0-8.0 MP at normal temperature;

the surface waterproof treatment comprises the following steps: the natural wood wax oil diluted by 10% absolute ethyl alcohol is used for wiping the surface of the biomass container or the biomass board, after the first wiping, the natural wood wax oil is dried for 24 hours at normal temperature, and then the second wiping is carried out. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the biomass container and the biomass plate provided by the invention adopt the crop excess as the raw material, adopt the biomass adhesive as the adhesive, do not generate substances harmful to human bodies in the production and use processes, and are beneficial to the health of human bodies; meanwhile, the biomass composite material prepared by the invention keeps the natural texture of the biomass material, and the biomass fiber or the biomass fiber after being ground has good toughness, so that the biomass fiber is not damaged in the forming process, the processing procedure of texture treatment is omitted, the whole preparation process is quicker, and the processing cost is reduced.

(2) The biomass composite material prepared by the invention realizes high-price utilization of waste biomass materials, avoids the damage of the existing macromolecular difficultly-degradable biomass composite material to the environment, is economical and feasible, is convenient to process and has great industrial application prospect.

(3) The dyeing agent adopted in the dyeing treatment process is a natural plant dyeing agent, and after the dyeing agent is used for dyeing materials in a heating and boiling dip dyeing process, the phenomenon of color loss can not occur in the later processing and preparation process.

(4) The invention adopts completely degradable natural materials from glue stock to material, does not generate additional pollution to the environment in the production process, can be degraded as soil fertilizer after being used, is incomparable with other materials containing chemical components, reduces the exploitation and felling of forest trees, and is an ideal substitute of wood materials.

(5) The biomass container or biomass plate prepared by the invention has the texture decoration of natural plants, firstly reduces the pollution generated in secondary processing in the texture treatment, is more environment-friendly, pollution-free, healthy and environment-friendly; and secondly, the natural material has the advantages of good sound absorption, heat insulation, natural texture and the like, the characteristics of the original material are kept in the production and the manufacture, and the natural material can be processed and applied to corresponding products to finish the conversion of the natural material from domestic waste to domestic products.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a straw container of different shape prepared in example 1;

fig. 2 is a luffa vegetable sponge sheet prepared in example 3;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the surface water repellent treatment experiment: FIG. 3a is a diagram showing the waterproof effect of a biomass board made of the biomass composite material of the present invention, and FIG. 3b is a diagram showing the waterproof effect of a biomass container made of the biomass composite material of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a biodegradation diagram of a biomass container or biomass board made of the biomass composite material of the invention in the environment.

Detailed Description

The process of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.