阅读说明：本技术 一种有机木瓜种植用的肥料和制备方法及木瓜的种植方法 (Fertilizer for planting organic pawpaw, preparation method of fertilizer and pawpaw planting method ) 是由 侯源耀 梁可平 程金坚 于 2019-11-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种有机木瓜种植用的肥料和制备方法及木瓜的种植方法,属于果树种植技术领域,所述肥料包括：土壤改良肥,用于施洒至种植有机木瓜的土壤中；水溶肥发酵液,稀释预定倍数后用于喷施有机木瓜苗；动物蛋白发酵液,在有机木瓜坐果过程中使用；以及木瓜促进液,当有机木瓜果重450～550g时使用。本发明用于木瓜种植的肥料含有木瓜生长的各种营养成分,经本发明制备的肥料施用在木瓜上时木瓜吸收快、生长良好；按照本发明的木瓜种植方法将肥料用于木瓜,生产出的木瓜口感香甜、果糖度达到16～18％,所得木瓜还耐贮存。(The invention discloses a fertilizer for planting organic pawpaw, a preparation method and a pawpaw planting method, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree planting, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components: the soil improvement fertilizer is applied to soil for planting organic pawpaw; dissolving the fermentation liquor of the fertilizer in water, and spraying organic papaya seedlings after diluting by a preset multiple; animal protein fermentation liquor used in the fruit setting process of organic pawpaw; and papaya promoting liquid, which is used when the weight of the organic papaya fruit is 450-550 g. The fertilizer for planting the pawpaw contains various nutrient components for growth of the pawpaw, and when the fertilizer prepared by the method is applied to the pawpaw, the pawpaw is quickly absorbed and grows well; according to the pawpaw planting method, the fertilizer is applied to pawpaw, the produced pawpaw is fragrant and sweet in taste, the fructose degree reaches 16-18%, and the obtained pawpaw is also long-lasting in storage.)

1. A fertilizer for planting organic pawpaw, which is characterized by comprising:

the soil improvement fertilizer is applied to soil for planting organic pawpaw;

dissolving the fermentation liquor of the fertilizer in water, and spraying organic papaya seedlings after diluting by a preset multiple;

animal protein fermentation liquor used in the fruit setting process of organic pawpaw; and

the pawpaw promoting liquid is used when the weight of the organic pawpaw is 450-550 g.

2. The fertilizer for organic papaya planting according to claim 1,

the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of pigeon manure, 5-10 parts of peanut cake, 5-10 parts of camellia cake and 5-10 parts of EM microorganism;

the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of zinc, 2-5 parts of brown sugar and 3-6 parts of EM microorganisms;

the animal protein fermentation liquor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of pawpaw, 10-20 parts of brown sugar, 10-20 parts of EM microorganism, 30-40 parts of shrimp head and 30-40 parts of fish head;

the pawpaw promoting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of zinc, 15-20 parts of magnesium, 200-250 parts of organic potash fertilizer and 8-15 parts of boron.

3. A method for preparing fertilizer for planting organic pawpaw as described in claim 1 or 2,

the preparation method of the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing pigeon manure, peanut cake, camellia sinensis cake and EM microorganism in a preset proportion, fully mixing and then piling up into manure piles, then hermetically covering and fermenting, and after fermentation is finished, cooling the manure piles to normal temperature;

the preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: weighing peanut cakes, zinc, brown sugar and EM microorganisms according to a preset proportion, fully mixing, putting into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and filtering after fermentation is finished;

the preparation method of the animal protein fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: weighing pawpaw, brown sugar, EM microorganism, shrimp head and fish head according to a preset proportion, fully mixing, putting into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and filtering after fermentation;

the preparation method of the pawpaw promoting liquid comprises the following steps: after zinc, magnesium, organic potash fertilizer and boron are weighed according to a predetermined proportion, the zinc, the magnesium, the organic potash fertilizer and the boron are respectively added into water to prepare mixed solution.

4. The method for preparing fertilizer for organic papaya planting according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fermentation time of the soil improvement fertilizer is 21-25 days; the fermentation time of the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor is 29-31 days; the fermentation time of the animal protein fermentation liquor is 43-47 days; the mass percentage of the total solute in the pawpaw promoting liquid to water is 0.2-0.3%.

5. The planting method of the organic pawpaw is characterized in that soil improvement fertilizer is applied to soil twice before and four months after the organic pawpaw is planted, diluted water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor is sprayed after organic pawpaw seedlings are planted, animal protein fermentation liquor is sprayed during fruit setting, and pawpaw promoting liquor is sprayed when the weight of organic pawpaw is 450-550 g; wherein the soil improvement fertilizer, the water soluble fertilizer fermentation broth, the animal protein fermentation broth and the papaya accelerating liquid are all selected from the fertilizers as claimed in claim 1 or 2.

6. The planting method of organic pawpaw as claimed in claim 5, wherein the soil improvement fertilizer is applied in a manner comprising: before planting organic pawpaw, spreading a soil improvement fertilizer in a trench dug in advance, and then uniformly ploughing the soil improvement fertilizer and the soil by using a ploughing machine; and applying the soil improvement fertilizer again and turning the soil once every four months after planting; wherein the proportion of the soil improvement fertilizer applied each time is 1.8-2.2 tons/mu.

7. The planting method of organic pawpaw as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the water soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor is diluted by 800 times and sprayed once every 5-8 days.

8. The planting method of organic pawpaw as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spraying frequency of the animal protein fermentation liquid is once every 5-8 days.

9. The planting method of organic pawpaw as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spraying frequency of the pawpaw promoting liquid is once a month.

Technical Field

The invention relates to organic papaya planting and a fertilizer for organic papaya planting, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree planting.

Background

Pawpaw, whose scientific name is Chaenomeles sinensis (thunin) Koehne, belongs to shrub or small tree of Rosaceae, and is mainly produced in Shandong, Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi and the like in China. The pawpaw is neutral in nature and taste and slightly cold, contains vitamin B, C, E, protein, carotene and the like, and can relieve summer heat, quench thirst, moisten lung and relieve cough besides helping digestion. The pawpaw is boiled in water or soaked in sugar solution for eating, and has the effects of dispelling the effects of alcohol, eliminating phlegm, guiding qi downward and stopping dysentery when used as a medicine. The unique pawpaw ferment can clear away heart-fire, moisten lung, help digestion and treat gastropathy, has an anti-tumor effect and has strong anti-cancer activity on lymphoid leukemia cells.

Organic planting is an agricultural production system which does not use chemically synthesized fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators in production, does not adopt genetic engineering and ion radiation technology, follows natural law, adopts agricultural, physical and biological methods to fertilize soil and prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests so as to obtain safe organisms and products thereof; the core of the method is to establish and restore the biological diversity and virtuous cycle of the agricultural ecosystem so as to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture.

At present, most of the traditional pawpaw plantation is non-organic cultivation, the traditional pawpaw cultivation mode generally uses synthetic chemical fertilizers (such as ammonium bicarbonate, potassium nitrate and the like), the standard requirements of organic plantation are not met, and the large amount of chemical fertilizers can cause the adverse effects of reduction of the organic matter content of soil, soil hardening and the like, and the damage to the soil and the environment is large. Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a planting method for organic pawpaw, which is beneficial to environmental protection and establishment and restoration of virtuous cycle of agricultural ecology.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the fertilizer for planting the organic pawpaw, the preparation method and the planting method of the pawpaw, so that the pawpaw planting meets the standard requirements of the organic planting, and the fructose degree and the storage property of the obtained organic pawpaw are improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a fertilizer for organic papaya planting, comprising:

the soil improvement fertilizer is applied to soil for planting organic pawpaw;

dissolving the fermentation liquor of the fertilizer in water, and spraying organic papaya seedlings after diluting by a preset multiple;

animal protein fermentation liquor used in the fruit setting process of organic pawpaw; and

the pawpaw promoting liquid is used when the weight of the organic pawpaw is 450-550 g.

The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows:

the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of pigeon manure, 5-10 parts of peanut cake, 5-10 parts of camellia cake and 5-10 parts of EM microorganism;

the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of zinc, 2-5 parts of brown sugar and 3-6 parts of EM microorganisms;

the animal protein fermentation liquor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of pawpaw, 10-20 parts of brown sugar, 10-20 parts of EM microorganism, 30-40 parts of shrimp head and 30-40 parts of fish head;

the pawpaw promoting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of zinc, 15-20 parts of magnesium, 200-250 parts of organic potash fertilizer and 8-15 parts of boron.

The preparation method of the fertilizer for planting organic pawpaw comprises the steps of preparing a soil improvement fertilizer, a water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquid, an animal protein fermentation liquid and a pawpaw promoting liquid, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:

the preparation method of the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing pigeon manure, peanut cake, camellia sinensis cake and EM microorganism in a preset proportion, fully mixing and then piling up into manure piles, then hermetically covering and fermenting, and after fermentation is finished, cooling the manure piles to normal temperature;

the preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: weighing peanut cakes, zinc, brown sugar and EM microorganisms according to a preset proportion, fully mixing, putting into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and filtering after fermentation is finished;

the preparation method of the animal protein fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: weighing pawpaw, brown sugar, EM microorganism, shrimp head and fish head according to a preset proportion, fully mixing, putting into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and filtering after fermentation;

the preparation method of the pawpaw promoting liquid comprises the following steps: after zinc, magnesium, organic potash fertilizer and boron are weighed according to a predetermined proportion, the zinc, the magnesium, the organic potash fertilizer and the boron are respectively added into water to prepare mixed solution.

The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the fermentation time of the soil improvement fertilizer is 21-25 days; the fermentation time of the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor is 29-31 days; the fermentation time of the animal protein fermentation liquor is 43-47 days; the mass percentage of the total solute in the pawpaw promoting liquid to water is 0.2-0.3%.

A method for planting organic pawpaw comprises the steps of applying a soil improvement fertilizer to soil twice before and four months after planting of the organic pawpaw, spraying diluted water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor after planting of organic pawpaw seedlings, spraying animal protein fermentation liquor during fruit setting, and spraying pawpaw promoting liquor when the weight of the organic pawpaw is 450-550 g; wherein the soil improvement fertilizer, the water soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor, the animal protein fermentation liquor and the pawpaw promoting liquor are all selected from the fertilizers.

The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the application mode of the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps: before planting organic pawpaw, spreading a soil improvement fertilizer in a trench dug in advance, and then uniformly ploughing the soil improvement fertilizer and the soil by using a ploughing machine; and applying the soil improvement fertilizer again and turning the soil once every four months after planting; wherein the proportion of the soil improvement fertilizer applied each time is 1.8-2.2 tons/mu.

The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor is applied, the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor is diluted by 800 times and is sprayed once every 5-8 days.

The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the spraying frequency of the animal protein fermentation liquor is once every 5-8 days.

The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the spraying frequency of the pawpaw promoting liquid is once a month.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:

the fertilizer for planting the pawpaw contains various nutrient components for growth of the pawpaw, and when the fertilizer prepared by the method is applied to the pawpaw, the pawpaw is quickly absorbed and grows well; the fertilizer is applied to the pawpaw according to the planting method provided by the invention, the produced pawpaw is fragrant and sweet in taste, the fructose degree reaches 16-18%, and the obtained pawpaw is also durable in storage.

The soil improvement fertilizer is an organic fertilizer fermented by microorganisms, the EM microorganism is a compound flora which mainly comprises a plurality of floras, each microorganism plays an important role, the core effect is that photosynthetic bacteria and acidophilic lactobacillus are dominant, the synthesis capability supports the activities of other microorganisms, substances generated by other microorganisms are utilized to form a symbiotic and symbiotic relationship, the stable state of EM bacterial liquid is ensured, the functions are complete, and the strong energy of group military combat is exerted. The EM microorganism takes pigeon manure, peanut cake and camellia sinensis cake as fermentation substrates, antioxidant substances are generated in the fermentation process, a large amount of beneficial substances which are easily absorbed by animals and plants are also generated, such as amino acid, organic acid, polysaccharide, various vitamins, various biochemical enzymes, growth promotion factors, antibiotics, antiviral substances and the like, and when the EM microorganism is applied to soil, the soil can be effectively improved, and a good environment suitable for growth of papaya seedlings is formed.

According to the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquid, peanut cakes, zinc and brown sugar are used as fermentation substrates, and various nutrient components required by growth of papaya seedlings are generated after EM (effective microorganisms) fermentation, so that healthy and sound growth of papaya seedlings can be promoted, and the insect-resistant and disease-resistant capabilities of papaya can be improved; the animal protein fermentation liquid is also an organic nutrient solution after microbial fermentation, and is sprayed when the pawpaw bears fruits, so that flower and fruit dropping can be effectively prevented, the fruit bearing rate is improved, and the yield of the pawpaw is finally improved; the pawpaw promoting liquid can promote the growth of pawpaw fruits, meet various nutrient substances required by the growth of the fruits, promote the generation of sugar substances and improve the fructose degree of the fruits.

The fertilizer for the pawpaw is prepared by fermenting the soil improvement fertilizer, the animal protein fermentation liquid and the pawpaw promoting liquid, the fermentation substrate is natural substances, the materials are easily obtained, the price is low, the wastes (such as shrimp heads, fish heads and the like) are effectively utilized, the environmental waste is avoided, and the garbage treatment pressure is reduced; the most important invention prepares the fermentation products containing different nutrient substances by EM microorganism and taking different substance combinations as substrates through different-time fermentation, and the nutrient substances contained in each fermentation product can correspond to the nutrient requirements of pawpaw in different growth periods, thereby meeting the standard requirements of organic planting.

According to the planting method of the organic pawpaw, the fertilizer disclosed by the invention is applied to different nutritional requirements according to different growth stages of the pawpaw, so that the soil can be improved to be suitable for the growth of pawpaw seedlings, the nutrition can be supplemented in different growth periods of the pawpaw seedlings, the insect-resistant and disease-resistant capability of the pawpaw is improved, and the fruit bearing rate of the pawpaw and the fructose degree of fruits are improved.

The pawpaw of the invention can meet the nutrition requirement in each planting period, the pawpaw fruit bearing rate is high, the fruit yield is high, and the fructose degree is high, which is the result obtained by combining the fertilizer composition and the fertilization method, and the beneficial effects can be obtained only when the composition, the preparation method and the pawpaw planting fertilization method of each fertilizer are within the range limited by the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:

a fertilizer for organic papaya planting, comprising:

the soil improvement fertilizer is applied to soil for planting organic pawpaw;

dissolving the fermentation liquor of the fertilizer in water, and spraying organic papaya seedlings after diluting by a preset multiple;

animal protein fermentation liquor used in the fruit setting process of organic pawpaw; and

the pawpaw promoting liquid is used when the weight of the organic pawpaw is 450-550 g.

The soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of pigeon manure, 5-10 parts of peanut cake, 5-10 parts of camellia cake and 5-10 parts of EM microorganism; the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of zinc, 2-5 parts of brown sugar and 3-6 parts of EM microorganisms; the animal protein fermentation liquor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of pawpaw, 10-20 parts of brown sugar, 10-20 parts of EM microorganism, 30-40 parts of shrimp head and 30-40 parts of fish head; the pawpaw promoting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of zinc, 15-20 parts of magnesium, 200-250 parts of organic potash fertilizer and 8-15 parts of boron.

A preparation method of a fertilizer for planting organic pawpaw comprises the preparation of a soil improvement fertilizer, a water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquid, an animal protein fermentation liquid and a pawpaw promoting liquid, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing pigeon manure, peanut cakes, camellia sinensis cakes and EM microorganisms in a preset proportion, fully mixing the pigeon manure, the peanut cakes, the camellia sinensis cakes and the EM microorganisms, stacking the mixture into a manure pile, then hermetically covering the manure pile for fermentation for 21-25 days, and cooling the manure pile to normal temperature after the fermentation is finished; the preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: weighing peanut cakes, zinc, brown sugar and EM microorganisms according to a preset proportion, fully mixing, putting into a fermentation tank for fermentation for 29-31 days, and filtering after fermentation is finished; the preparation method of the animal protein fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: weighing pawpaw, brown sugar, EM microorganisms, shrimp heads and fish heads according to a preset proportion, fully mixing, putting into a fermentation tank for fermentation for 43-47 days, and filtering after fermentation is finished; the preparation method of the pawpaw promoting liquid comprises the following steps: after zinc, magnesium, organic potash fertilizer and boron are weighed according to a preset proportion, the zinc, the magnesium, the organic potash fertilizer and the boron are respectively added into water to prepare mixed solution, and the mass percentage of the total solute in the pawpaw promoting liquid to the water is 0.2-0.3%.

The organic pawpaw planting method comprises the following steps of applying a soil improvement fertilizer to soil twice before planting and four months after planting, wherein the application mode of the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps: before planting organic pawpaw, spreading a soil improvement fertilizer in a trench dug in advance, and then uniformly ploughing the soil improvement fertilizer and the soil by using a ploughing machine; and applying the soil improvement fertilizer again and turning the soil once every four months after planting; wherein the proportion of the soil improvement fertilizer applied each time is 1.8-2.2 tons/mu. And spraying diluted water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor after planting organic pawpaw seedlings, diluting the diluted water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor by 800 times when the water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor is applied, and spraying the diluted water-soluble fertilizer fermentation liquor once every 5-8 days. And spraying animal protein fermentation liquor during fruit setting, wherein the spraying frequency of the animal protein fermentation liquor is once every 5-8 days. And when the weight of the organic pawpaw is 450-550 g, spraying the pawpaw promoting liquid once a month.