阅读说明：本技术 一种油茶缓释专用肥及其制备方法 (Special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李必琼 尹和山 魏显威 于 2019-12-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种油茶缓释专用肥及其制备方法,包括以下重量份原料：油茶饼粕50～60份、啤酒糟20～25份、花生藤40～50份、麦糠30～40份、禽畜粪便100～120份、微生物菌剂1～2份、稻草灰25～35份、磷酸铵镁20～30份、硝化抑制剂0.1～0.5份、改性蒙托土15～20份、包膜剂8～10份、水60～80份；所述包膜剂包括以下重量百分比组分：田菁胶15～20％、海藻酸钠25～30％、微晶纤维素8～12％、聚丙烯酰胺0.5～2％、硅溶胶补足余量。本发明缓释专用肥可为油茶全生长期、结果期持久提供养分,肥力释放均匀,相比于速效肥,肥力不易流失,有效降低农户种植成本,同时,抑制有害病原菌的生长繁殖,改善土壤结构,提高土壤含氧量。(The invention discloses a special slow-release fertilizer for oil tea and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special slow-release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 20-25 parts of brewer's grains, 40-50 parts of peanut vines, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 25-35 parts of rice straw ash, 20-30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor, 15-20 parts of modified montmorillonite soil, 8-10 parts of coating agent and 60-80 parts of water; the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-20% of sesbania gum, 25-30% of sodium alginate, 8-12% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-2% of polyacrylamide and the balance of silica sol. The slow-release special fertilizer can provide nutrients for the camellia oleifera in the whole growth period and the fruiting period, the fertility is released uniformly, compared with a quick-acting fertilizer, the fertility is not easy to run off, the planting cost of farmers is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the growth and the propagation of harmful pathogenic bacteria are inhibited, the soil structure is improved, and the oxygen content of the soil is increased.)

1. The slow-release special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 20-25 parts of brewer's grains, 40-50 parts of peanut vines, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 25-35 parts of rice straw ash, 20-30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor, 15-20 parts of modified montmorillonite soil, 8-10 parts of coating agent and 60-80 parts of water;

the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-20% of sesbania gum, 25-30% of sodium alginate, 8-12% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-2% of polyacrylamide and the balance of silica sol;

the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps: grinding montmorillonite to 25-35 meshes, adding 10-15% hydrochloric acid by mass, stirring for 0.5-1 h, calcining at 400-500 ℃ for 3-6 h, washing to neutrality, and adding the mixture containing 0.02-0.06 mol/L Zn²⁺And 0.02 to 0.06mol/LCa²⁺And ultrasonically dipping the mixed solution for 1-2 h, and drying at the low temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the modified montmorillonite.

2. The special slow-release fertilizer for oil tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-40% of trichoderma harzianum, 18-22% of trichoderma polyspora, 24-28% of candida utilis, 6-10% of photosynthetic bacteria and 12-15% of bacillus licheniformis.

3. The special slow-release fertilizer for oil-tea camellia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrification inhibitor comprises one or more of 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine.

4. The special slow-release fertilizer for oil-tea camellia as claimed in claim 1, wherein Zn is added²⁺Derived from ZnCl₂、Zn(NO₃)₂One or more of (a).

5. The special slow-release fertilizer for oil-tea camellia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Ca is Ca²⁺Derived from CaCl₂、Ca(NO₃)₂One or more of (a).

6. A preparation method of a special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: cutting peanut vines into vine sections of 0.6-1.2 cm, fully mixing the vine sections with oil-tea camellia cake dregs, beer lees, peanut vines, wheat bran, livestock manure and a microbial agent, spreading the mixture on a polyethylene film, and performing ventilation fermentation at the temperature of 32-38 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain a fermentation material;

s2: dispersing the modified montmorillonite and the coating agent in water, and stirring for reaction for 1-3 h to obtain a coating gel;

s3: uniformly stirring the rice straw ash, magnesium ammonium phosphate, a nitrification inhibitor and a fermentation material to prepare fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2.8-3.5 cm;

s4: and uniformly coating the coated gel on the surface of fertilizer particles, and air-drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the special slow-release fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera slow-release special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Camellia oleifera belongs to Theaceae, and is a evergreen medium and small arbor, also known as tea tree, tea oil tree and white tea. The oil tea fruit can be squeezed into tea oil for eating, the tea oil has clear color, delicious taste, rich nutrition and storage resistance, is high-quality edible oil, and can also be used as lubricating oil, antirust oil and the like. The camellia oleifera is one of four woody oil plants in the world, grows in mountains and hilly lands in subtropical regions in south China, is a specific high-grade natural oil plant in China, is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, Guangxi and the like, and has the annual yield of only about 20 ten thousand tons in China.

In the existing camellia oleifera planting process, an N/P/K compound fertilizer is generally applied to improve soil fertility, and the root system of a camellia oleifera tree is rotten and burned due to too fast release or excessive application of the compound fertilizer, so that the growth and the yield of the camellia oleifera are seriously influenced. Particularly, in the oil tea seedling stage or the oil tea tree which is just transplanted, as the root system of the oil tea tree grows incompletely, the lignification degree is low, the oil tea tree is young and tender, and when the soil concentration is slightly high, the water loss and atrophy can occur, and the root tissue can be damaged to a certain extent in the transplanting process of the oil tea tree. In addition, the growth period of the camellia oleifera is long, the camellia oleifera starts to fruit in the 3 rd year, the first 5 years are mainly the tree growing stage, the full-bearing period gradually starts in 6-10 years, the slow release fertilizer can continuously provide nutrients capable of being directly absorbed and utilized for the camellia oleifera in the growth process of the camellia oleifera, and compared with quick-acting fertilizers, the slow release fertilizer is not easy to lose fertility and more durable, and can effectively reduce the planting cost of farmers.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera and a preparation method thereof.

The technical scheme of the invention is summarized as follows:

the slow-release special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 20-25 parts of brewer's grains, 40-50 parts of peanut vines, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 25-35 parts of rice straw ash, 20-30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor, 15-20 parts of modified montmorillonite soil, 8-10 parts of coating agent and 60-80 parts of water;

the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-20% of sesbania gum, 25-30% of sodium alginate, 8-12% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-2% of polyacrylamide and the balance of silica sol;

the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps: grinding montmorillonite to 25-35 meshes, adding 10-15% hydrochloric acid by mass, stirring for 0.5-1 h, calcining at 400-500 ℃ for 3-6 h, washing to neutrality, and adding the mixture containing 0.02-0.06 mol/L Zn²⁺And 0.02 to 0.06mol/L Ca²⁺And ultrasonically dipping the mixed solution for 1-2 h, and drying at the low temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the modified montmorillonite.

Preferably, the microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-40% of trichoderma harzianum, 18-22% of trichoderma polyspora, 24-28% of candida utilis, 6-10% of photosynthetic bacteria and 12-15% of bacillus licheniformis.

Preferably, the nitrification inhibitor comprises one or more of 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine.

Preferably, the Zn is²⁺Derived from ZnCl₂、Zn(NO₃)₂One or more of (a).

Preferably, the Ca is²⁺Derived from CaCl₂、Ca(NO₃)₂One or more of (a).

A preparation method of a special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:

s1: cutting peanut vines into vine sections of 0.6-1.2 cm, fully mixing the vine sections with oil-tea camellia cake dregs, beer lees, peanut vines, wheat bran, livestock manure and a microbial agent, spreading the mixture on a polyethylene film, and performing ventilation fermentation at the temperature of 32-38 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain a fermentation material;

s2: dispersing the modified montmorillonite and the coating agent in water, and stirring for reaction for 1-3 h to obtain a coating gel;

s3: uniformly stirring the rice straw ash, magnesium ammonium phosphate, a nitrification inhibitor and a fermentation material to prepare fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2.8-3.5 cm;

s4: and uniformly coating the coated gel on the surface of fertilizer particles, and air-drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the special slow-release fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the slow-release special fertilizer can provide nutrients for the camellia oleifera in the whole growth period and the fruiting period, the fertility is released uniformly, compared with a quick-acting fertilizer, the fertility is not easy to run off, the planting cost of farmers is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the growth and the propagation of harmful pathogenic bacteria are inhibited, the soil structure is improved, and the oxygen content of the soil is increased.

2. The invention utilizes Zn loaded in the modified montmorillonite soil²⁺、Ca²⁺The modified montmorillonite clay is cross-linked with sodium alginate to form a stable modified montmorillonite clay-alginic acid composite structure, and is compounded with a coating agent to form a stable gel outer membrane with certain strength and coated on the surface layer of fertilizer particles, so that compared with a common coated slow-release fertilizer, the hydrolysis resistance of the coated material is improved to a certain extent, the fertility release speed is further slowed down, the fertilizer is more fertile and lasting and effective, meanwhile, the modified montmorillonite clay has a high specific surface area and is rich in micropores and mesopores, the soil permeability can be improved, and the oxygen content of the soil can be increased.

3. According to the invention, the trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma polyspora and bacillus licheniformis are used for fermenting the organic fertilizer with the dual-effect of the pesticide and the fertilizer, in the fermentation process, harmful microorganisms are killed by producing small-molecule antibiotics and macromolecular antibacterial proteins or cell wall degrading enzymes, the breeding and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria are inhibited, meanwhile, after the organic fertilizer enters soil, various plant pathogenic bacteria such as pythium, rhizopus nigricans and rhizoctonia solani can be prevented and controlled, or extracellular enzymes such as glucosidase are secreted, so that the antibiotic toxins produced by the pathogenic bacteria are degraded, the defense reaction of the camellia oleifera trees can be induced, and the pest resistance of the camellia oleifera is further improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera according to the application.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.