阅读说明：本技术 一种自供电氨气传感摩擦纳米发电机及其制备方法和应用 (Self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 王道爱 刘玉鹏 周峰 于 2019-11-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于摩擦纳米发电机技术领域,尤其涉及一种自供电氨气传感摩擦纳米发电机及其制备方法和应用。本发明将摩擦纳米发电机作为供电电源,将泡沫聚苯胺连接到摩擦纳米发电机的外电路中,利用泡沫聚苯胺的阻值对氨气的响应性可实现自供电氨气传感的摩擦纳米发电机,所得到的自供电氨气传感摩擦纳米发电机具有优异的氨气响应灵敏度,能检测低至5ppm浓度的氨气,可以作为环境中检测氨气泄漏的传感器。本发明提供了所述自供电氨气传感摩擦纳米发电机的制备方法,方法简单、易操作。(The invention belongs to the technical field of friction nano generators, and particularly relates to a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator and a preparation method and application thereof. The friction nano generator is used as a power supply, the foam polyaniline is connected to an external circuit of the friction nano generator, self-powered ammonia sensing can be realized by utilizing the responsiveness of the resistance value of the foam polyaniline to ammonia, and the obtained self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator has excellent ammonia response sensitivity, can detect ammonia with the concentration as low as 5ppm, and can be used as a sensor for detecting ammonia leakage in the environment. The invention provides a preparation method of the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator, which is simple and easy to operate.)

1. A self-powered ammonia sensing friction nanogenerator is characterized by comprising a self-powered part and a sensing part, wherein the self-powered part comprises a first power supply part and a second power supply part which are independently arranged, the first power supply part comprises a friction layer (1) and a friction layer electrode (3), the friction layer (1) and the friction layer electrode (3) are arranged in a stacked mode, the second power supply part comprises a counter-friction layer (2) and a counter-friction layer electrode (4), and the counter-friction layer (2) and the counter-friction layer electrode (4) are arranged in a stacked mode; the sensing part comprises a lead (5) and foam polyaniline (6), the friction layer electrode (3) and the counter-friction layer electrode (4) are connected through the lead (5), and the foam polyaniline (6) is connected to the lead (5).

2. The self-powered ammonia sensing triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein the material of the friction layer (1) is polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyorganosiloxane or polyimide.

3. Self-powered ammonia sensing triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of said counter-friction layer (2) is nylon, polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane or polyacrylic acid.

4. A self-powered ammonia sensing triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the thickness of the tribolayer (1) and the counter-tribolayer (2) independently ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 mm.

5. The self-powered ammonia sensing triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the tribolayer electrode (3) and the counter-tribolayer electrode (4) is 0.1mm, the materials of the tribolayer electrode (3) and the counter-tribolayer electrode (4) are independently copper, platinum, aluminum, iron, gold, silver, conductive glass or graphene, and the material of the wire (5) is copper.

6. A self-powered ammonia sensing triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein said foamed polyaniline is composed of three-dimensional network foam and polyaniline nanowires grown perpendicular to the surface of the three-dimensional network foam.

7. A self-powered ammonia sensing triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 6, characterized in that the preparation method of said foamed polyaniline comprises the following steps: mixing the three-dimensional network structure foam, water, aniline, perchloric acid and ammonium persulfate, and carrying out polymerization reaction to obtain the foam polyaniline.

8. A self-powered ammonia sensing friction nanogenerator according to claim 7, characterised in that the temperature of the polymerisation reaction is 0-20 ℃ for 2-48 h, the polymerisation is carried out under stirring conditions, the stirring speed is 10-800 rpm.

9. A method for preparing a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nanogenerator according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:

a friction layer electrode (3) is attached to one side surface of the friction layer (1);

a counter-friction layer electrode (4) is attached to one side surface of the counter-friction layer (2);

and (3) connecting the friction layer electrode (3) with the counter-friction layer electrode (4) through a lead (5), and connecting the foamed polyaniline (6) to the lead (5) to obtain the self-powered ammonia gas sensing friction nano generator.

10. Use of a self-powered ammonia-sensing triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a self-powered ammonia-sensing triboelectric nanogenerator prepared by the preparation method according to claim 9 in ammonia gas detection.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of friction nano generators, in particular to a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

In recent years, as the demand for environmental safety has become higher, detection of leaking gas in production and life has become more important. Ammonia gas is a common industrial gas and has wide application in production and life. The irritation of ammonia is a reliable harmful concentration alarm signal, and inhalation is the main way of contact, but the low-concentration ammonia gas can be hardly detected after long-term contact due to olfactory fatigue. Therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of ammonia gas leaks is becoming increasingly important. The foam structure polyaniline material has larger surface area, so that the foam structure polyaniline material has higher resistance value responsiveness to ammonia gas, and can detect the ammonia gas with lower concentration leaked in the environment.

In addition, most of the existing ammonia gas sensors require an external power supply to supply power to the sensors. With the limited nature of conventional energy sources and the increasing prominence of environmental issues, new energy sources featuring environmental protection and reproducibility have been increasingly emphasized, wherein research and application of a friction nano generator have been receiving attention in recent years, and the friction nano generator (TENG) is a micro generator that can convert extremely minute mechanical energy into electric energy by means of a charge pump effect of a friction point potential. The generator has great application potential in the fields of electronic products, environmental monitoring, medical equipment manufacturing and the like. Since the first friction nano-generator appeared, people are receiving more and more attention due to the advantages of wide sources, low cost, reliable output and the like.

Therefore, the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator has important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator and a preparation method and application thereof.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano-generator which comprises a self-powered part and a sensing part, wherein the self-powered part comprises a first power supply part and a second power supply part which are independently arranged, the first power supply part comprises a friction layer 1 and a friction layer electrode 3, the friction layer 1 and the friction layer electrode 3 are arranged in a stacking manner, the second power supply part comprises a counter-friction layer 2 and a counter-friction layer electrode 4, and the counter-friction layer 2 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 are arranged in a stacking manner; the sensing part comprises a lead 5 and foamed polyaniline 6, the friction layer electrode 3 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 are connected through the lead 5, and the foamed polyaniline 6 is connected on the lead 5.

Preferably, the material of the friction layer 1 is polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyorganosiloxane or polyimide.

Preferably, the material of the counter-friction layer 2 is nylon, polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane or polyacrylic acid.

Preferably, the thicknesses of the friction layer 1 and the counter-friction layer 2 are independently 0.1 to 2.0 mm.

Preferably, the thickness of the friction layer electrode 3 and the thickness of the counter friction layer electrode 4 are 0.1mm, the material of the friction layer electrode 3 and the material of the counter friction layer electrode 4 are copper, platinum, aluminum, iron, gold, silver, conductive glass or graphene independently, and the material of the lead 5 is copper.

Preferably, the foamed polyaniline is composed of three-dimensional reticular structure foam and polyaniline nanowires growing perpendicular to the surface of the three-dimensional reticular structure foam.

Preferably, the preparation method of the foamed polyaniline comprises the following steps: mixing the three-dimensional network structure foam, water, aniline, perchloric acid and ammonium persulfate, and carrying out polymerization reaction to obtain the foam polyaniline.

Preferably, the temperature of the polymerization reaction is 0-20 ℃, the time is 2-48 h, the polymerization reaction is carried out under the condition of stirring, and the stirring speed is 10-800 rpm.

The invention provides a preparation method of a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

a friction layer electrode 3 is attached to one side surface of the friction layer 1;

a counter-friction layer electrode 4 is attached to one side surface of the counter-friction layer 2;

and connecting the friction layer electrode 3 with the counter-friction layer electrode 4 through a lead 5, and connecting the foamed polyaniline 6 to the lead 5 to obtain the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator.

The invention provides the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano-generator in the technical scheme or the application of the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano-generator prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in ammonia detection.

The invention provides a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano-generator which comprises a self-powered part and a sensing part, wherein the self-powered part comprises a first power supply part and a second power supply part which are independently arranged, the first power supply part comprises a friction layer 1 and a friction layer electrode 3, the friction layer 1 and the friction layer electrode 3 are arranged in a stacking manner, the second power supply part comprises a counter-friction layer 2 and a counter-friction layer electrode 4, and the counter-friction layer 2 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 are arranged in a stacking manner; the sensing part comprises a lead 5 and foamed polyaniline 6, the friction layer electrode 3 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 are connected through the lead 5, and the foamed polyaniline 6 is connected on the lead 5. In the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator provided by the invention, the surfaces of a friction layer 1 and a counter-friction layer 2 of a self-powered part contain groups with different electron gaining and losing performances, and the friction layer 1 and the counter-friction layer 2 are subjected to counter-grinding to generate friction current serving as a power supply part; the resistance of the foam polyaniline of the sensing part has a sensitive response effect on ammonia gas, the resistance of the foam polyaniline can be changed in ammonia gas atmosphere with different concentrations, and the resistance value of the foam polyaniline is increased after the foam polyaniline contacts the ammonia gas in the ammonia gas atmosphere, so that the voltage and current changes are generated in a circuit, the ammonia gas is responded according to the voltage and current changes, and the ammonia gas is detected.

The invention provides a preparation method of the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator, which is simple and easy to operate.

The invention provides application of the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator in ammonia detection, the friction nano generator is used as a power supply, foam polyaniline is connected to an external circuit of the friction nano generator, the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator can be realized by utilizing the responsiveness of the resistance value of the foam polyaniline to ammonia, and the obtained self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator has excellent ammonia response sensitivity, can detect ammonia with the concentration as low as 5ppm, and can be used as a sensor for detecting ammonia leakage in the environment.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-powered ammonia gas sensing friction nano generator provided by the present invention, wherein 1 is a friction layer, 2 is a counter-friction layer, 3 is a friction layer electrode, 4 is a counter-friction layer electrode, 5 is a lead, and 6 is foamed polyaniline.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano-generator, which comprises a self-powered part and a sensing part, wherein the self-powered part comprises a first power supply part and a second power supply part which are independently arranged, the first power supply part comprises a friction layer 1 and a friction layer electrode 3, the friction layer 1 and the friction layer electrode 3 are arranged in a stacked manner, the second power supply part comprises a counter-friction layer 2 and a counter-friction layer electrode 4, and the counter-friction layer 2 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 are arranged in a stacked manner; the sensing part comprises a lead 5 and foamed polyaniline 6, the friction layer electrode 3 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 are connected through the lead 5, and the foamed polyaniline 6 is connected on the lead 5.

In the present invention, the materials required are all commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.

The self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano-generator provided by the invention comprises a self-powered part, wherein the self-powered part comprises a first power supply part and a second power supply part which are independently arranged, the first power supply part comprises a friction layer 1 and a friction layer electrode 3, the friction layer 1 and the friction layer electrode 3 are arranged in a stacked mode, the second power supply part comprises a counter-friction layer 2 and a counter-friction layer electrode 4, and the counter-friction layer 2 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 are arranged in a stacked mode. In the present invention, the material of the friction layer 1 is preferably polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyorganosiloxane or polyimide; the material of the counter-friction layer 2 is preferably nylon, polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane or polyacrylic acid. In the present invention, the thicknesses of the friction layer 1 and the counter-friction layer 2 are independently preferably 0.1 to 2.0mm, and more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

In the present invention, the materials of the rubbing layer electrode 3 and the counter rubbing layer electrode 4 are preferably copper, platinum, aluminum, iron, gold, silver, conductive glass or graphene; the thickness of the rubbing-layer electrode 3 and the counter-rubbing-layer electrode 4 is preferably 0.1 mm.

In the present invention, the self-powered portion functions to generate electric current.

The self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator provided by the invention comprises a sensing part, wherein the sensing part comprises a lead 5 and foamed polyaniline 6, a friction layer electrode 3 and a counter-friction layer electrode 4 are connected through the lead 5, and the foamed polyaniline 6 is connected on the lead 5. In the present invention, the material of the lead 5 is preferably copper.

In the present invention, the foamed polyaniline is preferably composed of a three-dimensional network-structured foam and polyaniline nanowires grown perpendicular to the surface of the three-dimensional network-structured foam; the size of the polyaniline nano-wire is not specially limited, and a nano-layer can be formed on the surface of the three-dimensional reticular structure foam. The thickness of the nano-layer and the thickness of the whole foamed polyaniline are not particularly limited in the invention, and the thickness well known in the field can be selected.

In the present invention, the preparation method of the foamed polyaniline preferably includes the steps of: mixing the three-dimensional network structure foam, water, aniline, perchloric acid and ammonium persulfate, and carrying out polymerization reaction to obtain the foam polyaniline. The composition of the three-dimensional network structure foam is not limited in any way, and any material having a foam-like structure known in the art may be used, and in the embodiment of the present invention, polyaniline foam is specifically used.

In the invention, the preferable dosage ratio of the three-dimensional reticular structure foam, water, aniline, perchloric acid and ammonium persulfate is 20-30 cm³: 900 mL: 2mL of: 40mL of: 4g of the total weight of the mixture; more preferably 23 to 27cm³: 900 mL: 2mL of: 40mL of: 4g of the total weight. The mixing process is not particularly limited in the invention, and the raw materials can be uniformly mixed by selecting the mixing process well known in the field.

In the invention, the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of 0-20 ℃, more preferably at a temperature of 5-15 ℃, for a time of 2-48 hours, more preferably at a time of 10-30 hours, and most preferably at a time of 15-25 hours, under stirring conditions, preferably at a stirring speed of 10-800 rpm, more preferably at a stirring speed of 100-600 rpm, and most preferably at a stirring speed of 300-500 rpm. In the polymerization reaction process, aniline is subjected to polymerization reaction, and vertical growth is carried out on the surface of the three-dimensional reticular structure foam, so that polyaniline nanowires growing perpendicular to the surface of the three-dimensional reticular structure foam, namely foamed polyaniline, are obtained; the polyaniline nano-wire has resistance responsiveness to ammonia gas.

After the polymerization reaction is finished, the obtained product is preferably washed and dried by using dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain the polyaniline foam with the polyaniline nanowire growing on the surface of the foam.

In the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator provided by the invention, the surfaces of a friction layer 1 and a counter-friction layer 2 of a self-powered part contain groups with different electron gaining and losing performances, and the friction layer 1 and the counter-friction layer 2 are subjected to counter-grinding to generate friction current; the resistance of the foam polyaniline of the sensing part has a sensitive response effect on ammonia gas, the resistance of the foam polyaniline can be changed in ammonia gas atmosphere with different concentrations, and the resistance value of the foam polyaniline is increased after the foam polyaniline contacts the ammonia gas in the ammonia gas atmosphere, so that the voltage and current changes are generated in a circuit, the ammonia gas is responded according to the voltage and current changes, and the ammonia gas is detected.

The invention provides a preparation method of a self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

a friction layer electrode 3 is attached to one side surface of the friction layer 1;

a counter-friction layer electrode 4 is attached to one side surface of the counter-friction layer 2;

and connecting the friction layer electrode 3 with the counter-friction layer electrode 4 through a lead 5, and connecting the foamed polyaniline 6 to the lead 5 to obtain the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator.

The invention is characterized in that a friction layer electrode 3 is attached to one side surface of the friction layer 1. In the present invention, the friction layer 1 is preferably prepared by forming a film of a material corresponding to the friction layer 1 to obtain the friction layer 1. The method for forming the film is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a method known in the art may be selected. In the embodiment of the present invention, specifically, a material corresponding to the friction layer 1 is subjected to film formation by a coating method or a hot pressing method, the method of the coating is not particularly limited, and in the embodiment of the present invention, spin coating is specifically performed; the solvent used in the coating process is not particularly limited, and any solvent capable of dissolving the material corresponding to the friction layer 1 may be used, and in the embodiment of the present invention, N-methylpyrrolidone, xylene, or butyl acetate may be specifically used; the hot pressing process is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a process well known in the art may be selected. The size of the friction layer 1 is not particularly limited in the present invention, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the size of the friction layer 1 is specifically 4cm × 4 cm. The method for attaching the friction layer electrode 3 to one side surface of the friction layer 1 is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the friction layer electrode 3 may be attached to the friction layer 1, specifically, by using an adhesive tape.

In the invention, a counter-friction layer electrode 4 is attached to one side surface of the counter-friction layer 2. In the present invention, the process for preparing the counter-friction layer 2 is preferably to form a film from a material corresponding to the counter-friction layer 2 to obtain the counter-friction layer 2. The preparation process of the counter-friction layer 2 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 is limited in the same way as the friction layer 1 and the friction layer electrode 3, and the details are not repeated.

According to the invention, the friction layer electrode 3 and the counter-friction layer electrode 4 are connected through a lead 5, and the foamed polyaniline 6 is connected onto the lead 5, so that the self-powered ammonia gas sensing friction nano-generator is obtained. Before the foamed polyaniline 6 is connected to the lead 5, the foamed polyaniline is preferably cut into a long strip shape, and the size of the long strip shape is not particularly limited by the present invention, and in the embodiment of the present invention, specifically, 1mm × 3mm × 20mm, 2mm × 2mm × 30mm, or 3mm × 3mm × 30 mm. The connection mode of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the connection mode may be selected from those well known in the art.

The invention provides the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano-generator in the technical scheme or the application of the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano-generator prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in ammonia detection. When the self-powered ammonia sensing friction nano generator is applied to ammonia detection, the friction layer electrode 3 and the counter friction layer electrode 4 are subjected to counter grinding with the force of 0.5-100N, current is generated due to friction, and when ammonia appears in air, the current value and the voltage value of the friction layer electrode are changed, so that the ammonia detection is realized.

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.