阅读说明：本技术 一种基于结构超滑的微发电机和发电机组 (Micro generator and generator set based on structure ultra-smoothness ) 是由 聂锦辉 郑泉水 于 2021-08-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种基于结构超滑的微发电机和发电机组,包括滑动件,绝缘介质层,电极,绝缘介质层为单一材料的介质层；滑动件和绝缘介质层相对滑动,滑动件的下表面与绝缘介质层的上表面形成结构超滑接触状态；滑动件在绝缘介质层的上表面对应电极的区域和未对应电极的区域往复滑动,滑动件和绝缘介质层接触起电或者通过注入电荷感应带电。滑动件和绝缘介质层接触起电或者通过注入电荷带电,当滑动件和绝缘介质层相对滑动,电极中感应出电荷,由于滑动接触的两表面形成结构超滑接触状态,滑动时不产生磨损,使用寿命延长；滑动接触的两表面实际接触面积和表观接触面积相接近,实际接触面积相对较大,表面电荷密度增大,增大发电机输出性能。(The application discloses a structure ultra-smooth-based micro generator and generator set, which comprises a sliding part, an insulating medium layer and an electrode, wherein the insulating medium layer is made of a single material; the sliding part and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, and the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer form a structural ultra-smooth contact state; the sliding part slides back and forth on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer in the area corresponding to the electrode and the area not corresponding to the electrode, and the sliding part and the insulating medium layer are electrified or electrified by injecting charges. The sliding part and the insulating medium layer are electrified in a contact mode or charged through injected charges, when the sliding part and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, charges are induced in the electrodes, and due to the fact that the two surfaces in sliding contact form a structural ultra-sliding contact state, abrasion is not generated during sliding, and the service life is prolonged; the actual contact area and the apparent contact area of the two surfaces in sliding contact are close to each other, the actual contact area is relatively large, the surface charge density is increased, and the output performance of the generator is improved.)

1. A structure ultra-smooth-based micro generator is characterized by comprising a sliding part, an insulating medium layer and an electrode, wherein the insulating medium layer is a medium layer made of a single material;

the sliding part and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, and the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer form a structural ultra-smooth contact state;

the sliding part slides back and forth on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer in the area corresponding to the electrode and the area not corresponding to the electrode, and the sliding part and the insulating medium layer are electrified or are electrified by injecting charges.

2. The structure-based super-smooth micro-generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrodes and the sliding member are respectively connected with a connecting wire, and the sliding member is grounded, and there is electron transfer between the sliding member, the electrodes and the ground.

3. The structure-based super-smooth microgenerator of claim 2, wherein the electrodes and the sliding member are connected with elements on the connection lines with the ground, respectively.

4. The structure-based super-smooth microgenerator of claim 1, wherein one end of the connecting wire is connected to the electrode and the other end is connected to ground, and there is no electron transfer between the sliding member and ground.

5. The structure-based super-smooth microgenerator of claim 1, wherein the sliding member is made of two-dimensional conductor material, semiconductor material or insulator material.

6. The structure-based super-smooth microgenerator of claim 5, wherein the upper surface of the insulating medium layer is atomically flat and the material of the insulating medium layer is a non-single-crystal two-dimensional material.

7. The ultramicro triboelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the layer of insulating medium is comprised between 100nm and 500nm, inclusive.

8. The structurally ultra-smooth based microgenerator of claim 1, wherein the material of the dielectric layer is a single crystal two-dimensional material.

9. The structure-based super-smooth microgenerator of any of claims 1-8, wherein the length of the electrode and the length of the sliding member are equal, and the sum of the lengths of the electrode and the sliding member is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer.

10. A generator set, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of micro-generators based on the structural ultra-slip of any of claims 1 to 9, connected in series and/or in parallel.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of micro power generation equipment, in particular to a micro generator and a generator set based on structural ultra-smoothness.

Background

The friction generator is a miniature electronic device, realizes effective output of current by utilizing the coupling of friction electrification and electrostatic induction effect and matching with the design of a thin-layer electrode, and has the characteristics of very simple structure, light weight and the like.

Two friction material layers of friction generator in the in-process of using carry out reciprocal friction, in order to increase surface charge density, promote the output performance of friction generator, can set up the micro-structure of micron or sub-micron magnitude at two friction surfaces, for example nanowire, nano-tube, nanosphere, micron slot, micron awl, micron ball etc. the micro-structure can increase the area of two friction surfaces, however, in the friction generator use, the micro-structure can take place wearing and tearing to influence the output performance and the life of friction generator.

Therefore, how to solve the above technical problems should be a great concern to those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a micro generator and a generator set based on structural ultra-smoothness, so that the output performance of the micro generator based on structural ultra-smoothness is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a structure-based ultra-smooth micro generator, which comprises a sliding part, an insulating medium layer and an electrode, wherein the insulating medium layer is a medium layer made of a single material;

the sliding part and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, and the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer form a structural ultra-smooth contact state;

the sliding part slides back and forth on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer in the area corresponding to the electrode and the area not corresponding to the electrode, and the sliding part and the insulating medium layer are electrified or are electrified by injecting charges.

Optionally, the method further includes:

the electrode and the sliding piece are respectively connected with the connecting wire, the sliding piece is grounded, and electron transfer exists between the sliding piece and the electrode and the ground.

Optionally, the electrode and the connecting line of the sliding part and the ground are respectively connected with an element.

Optionally, one end of the connecting wire is connected to the electrode, the other end is connected to the ground, and there is no electron transfer between the sliding member and the ground.

Optionally, the material of the sliding member is a two-dimensional conductor material, a semiconductor material or an insulator material.

Optionally, the upper surface of the insulating medium layer is an atomically flat surface, and the insulating medium layer is made of a non-single-crystal two-dimensional material.

Optionally, the insulating dielectric layer is made of any one of the following materials:

silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride.

Optionally, the thickness of the insulating dielectric layer is 100nm to 500nm, inclusive.

Optionally, the insulating medium layer is made of a single-crystal two-dimensional material.

Optionally, the length of the electrode is equal to the length of the sliding part, and the sum of the lengths of the electrode and the sliding part is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer.

The application also provides a generator set, the generator set comprises a plurality of series and/or parallel micro generators based on the structure ultra-smooth.

The micro generator based on the ultra-smooth structure comprises a sliding part, an insulating medium layer and an electrode, wherein the insulating medium layer is made of a single material; the sliding part and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, and the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer form a structural ultra-smooth contact state; the sliding part slides back and forth on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer in the area corresponding to the electrode and the area not corresponding to the electrode, and the sliding part and the insulating medium layer are electrified or are electrified by injecting charges.

It can be seen that the micro-generator based on structural ultra-sliding in the present application includes a sliding part, an insulating medium layer and an electrode, where the sliding part and the insulating medium layer are electrically contacted or electrically induced by injecting charges, and when the sliding part and the insulating medium layer relatively slide, charges are induced in the electrode, and since the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer form a structural ultra-sliding contact state, in the ultra-sliding contact state, the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer do not wear when relatively sliding, that is, the micro-generator based on structural ultra-sliding does not wear, and the service life is prolonged, and the actual contact area and the apparent contact area of the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer are close to each other, and the actual contact area is relatively large, so that the surface charge density of the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer is increased, the output performance of the ultramicro generator per unit area is increased.

In addition, this application still provides a generating set that has above-mentioned advantage.

Drawings

For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the prior art of the present application, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-generator based on structural super-lubricity according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another ultra-smooth micro-generator based on structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

3(a) to 3(d) are flowcharts illustrating the operation principle of a micro-generator based on structural ultra-smoothness according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4(a) to 4(d) are flow charts of the working principle of another micro-generator based on structural ultra-smoothness provided by the embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

As described in the background section, in order to improve the output performance of the friction generator, micro-structures with micron or sub-micron order are disposed on two friction surfaces of the ultra-friction generator, and the micro-structures can increase the areas of the two friction surfaces.

In view of the above, the present application provides a micro-generator based on structural ultra-smoothness, please refer to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-generator based on structural ultra-smoothness provided in an embodiment of the present application, and includes a sliding member 3, an insulating medium layer 2, and an electrode 1, where the insulating medium layer 2 is a medium layer made of a single material;

the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 slide relatively, and the lower surface of the sliding part 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 form a structural ultra-smooth contact state;

the sliding part 3 slides back and forth on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 in the area corresponding to the electrode 1 and the area not corresponding to the electrode 1, and the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 are electrified in contact or are electrified by injecting charges in an induction mode.

When the sliding member 3 is in contact with the insulating medium layer 2, one is positively charged and the other is negatively charged; when the sliding member 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 are charged with the injected charges, one is charged with positive charges, and the other is charged with negative charges, that is, after the sliding member 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 are charged, the charges are opposite in electrical property.

Optionally, the thickness of the insulating dielectric layer is 100nm to 500nm, including end points, such as 100nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, and the like.

The structural ultra-smooth contact state means that the friction force between two contact surfaces which slide relatively is almost zero, the abrasion is zero, at least one of the lower surface of the sliding part 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 is a single crystal two-dimensional interface, and the single crystal two-dimensional interface is an atomically flat surface. An atomically flat surface refers to a surface having a roughness of less than 1 nm.

The atomically flat surface can be obtained by processing the surface, the atomically flat surface is the self attribute of a single crystal two-dimensional material, and the super-slip sheet can be obtained by processing the atomically flat surface to a certain extent.

The kind of the material of the sliding member 3 is not particularly limited in the present application, and for example, the material of the sliding member 3 is a two-dimensional conductor material, a semiconductor material, or an insulator material. At this time, the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 is an atomically flat surface, and the material of the insulating medium layer 2 is a non-single-crystal two-dimensional material, for example, the material of the insulating medium layer 2 includes but is not limited to any one of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, and aluminum nitride; alternatively, the insulating dielectric layer 2 is also a single-crystal two-dimensional material, i.e. having a single-crystal two-dimensional interface, such as hexagonal boron nitride or mica.

When the material of the sliding member 3 is a two-dimensional conductor material, the specific kind of the conductor material is not limited in the present application. For example, the conductor material includes, but is not limited to, graphite, graphene, niobium disulfide, tantalum disulfide, and graphite, graphene, niobium disulfide, tantalum disulfide are all materials having a single-crystal two-dimensional interface.

When the material of the sliding member 3 is a two-dimensional semiconductor material, the specific kind of the semiconductor material is not limited in the present application. For example, the semiconductor material includes, but is not limited to, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten disulfide, black phosphorus. Molybdenum disulfide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten disulfide, and black phosphorus are materials having a single crystal two-dimensional interface.

When the sliding member 3 is made of a two-dimensional insulator material, the specific type of the insulator material is not particularly limited in this application, and the insulator material includes, but is not limited to, hexagonal boron nitride and mica.

When the insulating medium layer 2 is made of a single-crystal two-dimensional material, for example, the insulating medium layer 2 is made of hexagonal boron nitride or mica, the lower surface of the sliding member 3 is an atomically flat surface, and the sliding member 3 is made of a non-single-crystal two-dimensional material, for example, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, gold, platinum, or the like.

The structure ultra-smooth based micro-generator further comprises: and the connecting circuit comprises a connecting wire, the connecting wire is connected with the electrode 1 and the sliding piece 3, and the sliding piece 3 is grounded at the moment or is only connected with the electrode 1.

Whether the slider 3 is grounded determines the kind of material of the slider 3. When the slider 3 is grounded, the material of the slider 3 may be a conductor material, and when the slider 3 is not grounded, the material of the slider 3 may be any of a conductor material, a semiconductor material, and an insulator material. The principle of the microgenerator when the sliding member 3 is grounded and ungrounded is explained below.

The insulating medium layer 2 is a medium layer made of a single material, which means that the insulating medium layer 2 is made of only one material.

The material of the electrode 1 is a conductive material, further, the kind of the material of the electrode 1 is not specifically limited in this application, and optionally, the material of the electrode 1 includes, but is not limited to, any one or any combination of the following:

copper, iron, tin, platinum, mercury, aluminum, zinc, titanium, tungsten, lead, nickel.

The micro-generator based on the structure ultra-sliding comprises a sliding part 3, an insulating medium layer 2 and an electrode 1, wherein the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 are electrified in a contact mode or electrified by injecting charge induction, when the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 slide relatively, charges are induced in the electrode 1, an electric signal is formed between the sliding part 3 and the electrode 1, as the lower surface of the sliding part 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 form a structure ultra-sliding contact state, under the ultra-sliding contact state, the lower surface of the sliding part 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 cannot be abraded when sliding relatively, namely, the micro-generator based on the structure ultra-sliding cannot be abraded, the service life is prolonged, in addition, the actual contact area and the apparent contact area of the lower surface of the sliding part 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 are close, the actual contact area is relatively larger, so that the surface charge density of the lower surface of the sliding part 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 is increased, the output performance of the ultramicro generator per unit area is increased.

On the basis of the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present application, the electrode and the sliding member are respectively connected with a connecting wire, the sliding member is grounded, and electron transfer exists among the sliding member, the electrode and the ground.

The flow of electrons is present in both the connection lines of the connection slider and the connection lines of the connection electrodes, i.e., each connection line can serve as a power supply line. Alternatively, as an embodiment, the connection lines of the electrode 1 and the sliding member 3 to the ground are respectively connected with elements, as shown in fig. 2; alternatively, as another possible embodiment, it is also possible to connect the elements on only one connecting line, as shown in fig. 3 (a).

The components include, but are not limited to, resistors, LEDs (Light-Emitting diodes), LCDs (Liquid Crystal displays), and the like.

On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, in one embodiment of the present application, one end of the connection line is connected to the electrode 1, the other end is connected to the ground, and there is no electron transfer between the sliding member 3 and the ground, the sliding member 3 is not connected to any connection line, as shown in fig. 4(a), and the micro-generator based on the ultra-smooth structure has only one power supply line.

On the basis of any of the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present application, the length of the electrode 1 and the length of the sliding member 3 are equal, and the sum of the lengths of the electrode 1 and the sliding member 3 is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer 2.

When the sum of the lengths of the electrode 1 and the sliding member 3 is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer 2, the amount of electric charge induced in the electrode 1 is the largest, and when the sum of the lengths of the electrode 1 and the sliding member 3 is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer 2 and the length of the sliding member 3 is less than the length of the electrode 1, the amount of electric charge induced in the electrode 1 is reduced during the reciprocating motion of the sliding member 3; when the sum of the lengths of the electrode 1 and the sliding member 3 is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer 2 and the length of the sliding member 3 is greater than the length of the electrode 1, the amount of electric charge induced in the electrode 1 during the reciprocating motion of the sliding member 3 is reduced.

The working principle of the ultramicro generator in the present application is explained below by taking the example that the sliding member 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 are charged in contact with each other. Referring to fig. 3(a) to 3(d), fig. 3(a) to 3(d) are flowcharts illustrating the operation principle of the micro-generator based on structural ultra-slip according to the embodiment of the present application, and the sliding member 3 is grounded.

As shown in fig. 3(a), the sliding part 3 is contacted and electrified with the insulating medium layer 2, the sliding part 3 is positively charged, the part of the insulating medium layer 2 corresponding to the sliding part 3 is negatively charged, pressure is applied on the sliding part 3 to enable the sliding part 3 to slide rightwards, and sliding electrification is realized, as shown in fig. 3(b), a structural ultra-sliding contact state is formed between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 in the sliding process, almost no friction force exists between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2, abrasion is zero, redundant positive charges in the sliding part 3 are neutralized by electrons flowing from the ground, positive charges are generated in the electrode 1 due to static induction electrons flowing into the ground, and the direction of current flows to the electrode 1; when the slide member 3 slides to the rightmost end, as shown in fig. 3(c), no current is generated at this time, and the number of positive charges in the electrode 1 reaches the maximum; the sliding part 3 slides to the left side again, as shown in fig. 3(d), until sliding to the leftmost end, a structural ultra-sliding contact state is formed between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 in the sliding process, almost no friction force exists between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2, the abrasion is zero, electrons flow from the ground to the electrode 1, and the current direction is that the electrode 1 flows to the ground. With the reciprocating movement of the slider 3, an alternating current is formed between the slider 3 and the ground.

Referring to fig. 4(a) to 4(d), fig. 4(a) to 4(d) are flowcharts illustrating the operation principle of the micro-generator based on structural ultra-slip according to the embodiment of the present application, and the sliding member 3 is not grounded.

As shown in fig. 4(a), the sliding part 3 is electrically contacted with the insulating medium layer 2, the sliding part 3 is positively charged, the part of the insulating medium layer 2 corresponding to the sliding part 3 is negatively charged, and the sliding part 3 is electrically contacted in a sliding way in a rightward sliding process, as shown in fig. 4(b), a structural ultra-sliding contact state is formed between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 in the sliding process, the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 have almost no friction force, the abrasion is zero, the number of positive charges in the sliding part 3 is increased, the number of negative charges in the insulating medium layer 2 is increased, positive charges are induced in the electrode 1, and current flows from the ground to the electrode 1; when the slide member 3 slides to the rightmost end, as shown in fig. 4(c), no current is generated at this time, and the number of positive charges in the electrode 1 reaches the maximum; the sliding member 3 slides to the left side again, as shown in fig. 4(d), until it slides to the leftmost end, a structural ultra-sliding contact state is formed between the sliding member 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 in the sliding process, there is almost no friction between the sliding member 3 and the insulating medium layer 2, the abrasion is zero, electrons flow from the ground to the electrode 1, and the current flows from the electrode 1 to the ground. With the reciprocating movement of the slider 3, an alternating current is formed between the slider 3 and the ground.

A structural ultra-smooth contact state is formed between the sliding part and the insulating medium layer, when the sliding part and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, almost no friction force exists, abrasion is zero, and when the sliding part and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, electrons flow between the ground and the electrode or between the ground and the sliding part and the electrode, and an alternating current signal is output. Because a structural ultra-smooth contact state is formed between the sliding part and the insulating medium layer, the van der Waals interaction surface between the sliding part and the insulating medium layer has an effective contact area close to 100 percent, and therefore stable high-density current output is achieved; meanwhile, due to the characteristics of extremely low friction force and no abrasion of the structure, the micro generator has almost unlimited service life; because the friction force is extremely low, the energy loss is small, the required external force is extremely low, and the device can be applied to extremely weak environments and has conversion efficiency approaching 100%.

The micro generator generates electricity by contact electrification instead of friction electrification, the friction generator is formed by friction of two film layers with large electronegativity difference, opposite charges are carried when the two film layers are separated, a potential difference is formed, back electrodes of the two film layers are connected through a load, and electrons can flow between the two electrodes due to the potential difference, so that the electrostatic potential difference between the two film layers is balanced. Once the two film layers coincide again, the potential difference created by the triboelectric charge disappears, causing the electrons to flow in reverse phase. The two film layers are in continuous contact and separation, and an alternating current signal is output by the friction generator.

The present application further provides a generator set comprising a plurality of micro-generators based on structural ultra-slip as described in any of the above embodiments connected in series and/or in parallel.

The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

The micro-generator and the generator set based on the ultra-smooth structure provided by the application are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present application are explained herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principle of the present application, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.