阅读说明：本技术 一种基于dbf的弹载探测装置 (Missile-borne detection device based on DBF ) 是由 邢林峰 文衍凤 陈俊 卢桂荣 于 2019-11-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于DBF的弹载探测装置,包括收发天线组、DBF处理器、信号处理机、综合控制器和电源组件；收发天线组：用于对弹体360°电磁波发射和接收,包括发射天线阵列、接收天线阵列、T/R组件发射机、T/R组件接收机,DBF处理器：用于对收发天线组输出的中频回波差拍信号进行DBF处理,并形成和、差波束数据发送至信号处理机；信号处理机：用于控制探测系统的工作模式和时序,接收DBF处理器发送的和、差波束数据,进行处理,完成对目标距离和角度测量,通过相应接口将处理结果传出。本发明具有测角精度高、探测距离远、360°周向探测、动态范围大、精度高、可靠性高、体积小的特点,另外,本发明工作在毫米波波段,具有抗干扰能力强的特点。(The invention discloses a missile-borne detection device based on DBF, which comprises a transmitting-receiving antenna group, a DBF processor, a signal processor, a comprehensive controller and a power supply assembly, wherein the DBF processor is connected with the signal processor; a transmitting-receiving antenna group: the transmitter is used for transmitting and receiving 360-degree electromagnetic waves of a projectile body and comprises a transmitting antenna array, a receiving antenna array, a T/R assembly transmitter and a T/R assembly receiver, and a DBF processor: the device is used for carrying out DBF processing on the intermediate frequency echo beat signals output by the transmitting-receiving antenna group, forming sum and difference beam data and transmitting the sum and difference beam data to the signal processor; a signal processor: the device is used for controlling the working mode and the time sequence of the detection system, receiving the sum and difference beam data sent by the DBF processor, processing the sum and difference beam data, completing the measurement of the target distance and the target angle, and transmitting the processing result through the corresponding interface. The invention has the characteristics of high angle measurement precision, long detection distance, 360-degree circumferential detection, large dynamic range, high precision, high reliability and small volume, and in addition, the invention works in a millimeter wave band and has the characteristic of strong anti-jamming capability.)

1. The utility model provides a missile-borne detection device based on DBF which characterized in that: the system comprises a transmitting-receiving antenna group, a DBF processor, a signal processor, a comprehensive controller and a power supply component:

the transceiver antenna group: the transmitter is used for generating, modulating and amplifying millimeter wave radio frequency signals, and the receiver is used for receiving echo signals, amplifying, mixing, filtering and outputting amplitude-stabilized signals;

the DBF processor: the device is used for carrying out DBF processing on the intermediate frequency echo beat signals output by the transmitting-receiving antenna group, forming sum and difference beam data and transmitting the sum and difference beam data to the signal processor;

the signal processor: the system is used for controlling the working mode and the time sequence of the detection system, receiving and processing the sum and difference beam data sent by the DBF processor, completing the measurement of the target distance and angle, and transmitting the processing result through a corresponding interface;

the integrated controller is: the system is used for realizing the flow control and the starting instruction of the missile-borne system, generating a synchronous signal, integrating the processing result of the signal processor and outputting a near-explosion instruction at proper time;

the power supply assembly is: the power supply isolation and conversion device is used for realizing the isolation and conversion of the power supply on the missile, and generating power supply voltage and filtering required by each component and part of the system.

2. The DBF-based missile-borne detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the receiving and transmitting antenna groups is three, the receiving and transmitting antenna groups are uniformly distributed to cover the 360-degree circumferential range of the projectile body, each receiving and transmitting antenna group comprises a transmitting antenna array covering the 120-degree beam scanning range and eight receiving antenna arrays, and the beam width of a single antenna directional diagram of each receiving antenna array is 12-18 degrees.

3. The DBF-based missile-borne detection device according to claim 2, wherein: the DBF processor carries out AD sampling, digital down-conversion and low-pass filtering processing on intermediate frequency echo beat signals output by the T/R component receiver to obtain I, Q channels of baseband data, 8 channels of baseband data of each receiving antenna component are subjected to wave beam forming weight coefficients corresponding to the wave beam directions of 8 wave position antennas, wave beam forming processing is carried out on the baseband data to obtain sum and difference wave beam baseband data of 8 wave positions, 24 groups of receiving sum and difference wave beam baseband data are shared by 3 receiving antenna groups, and the DBF processor sends the wave beam formed data to the signal processor.

4. The DBF-based missile-borne detection device according to claim 2, wherein: the signal processor controls the working mode and the time sequence of the detection system, receives 24 groups of received sum and difference beam data sent by the DBF processor, carries out FFT (fast Fourier transform), coherent accumulation and constant false alarm detection processing on the received sum and difference beam data to complete the detection of the target, measures the distance and the speed of the target by using the sum beam data when the target is detected, measures the angle of the target by using the sum and difference beam data, and transmits the processing result out through a corresponding interface.

5. The DBF-based missile-borne detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the transmitting and receiving antenna group transmits a frequency modulation signal through a radar, the frequency mixing is carried out on the signal reflected by the target and the frequency at the moment, and the beat frequency of the frequency mixing corresponds to the distance between the radar and the target.

6. The DBF-based missile-borne detection device according to claim 5, wherein: the beat frequency calculation method comprises the following steps:

in the formula: f. of_bFor beat frequency,. DELTA.F is the radio frequency modulation bandwidth, F_mFor modulating frequency, T_mFor the modulation period, u is the chirp rate, R is the distance, and C is the speed of light.

7. The DBF-based missile-borne detection device according to claim 2, wherein: the receiving antenna array adopts a plane arrangement mode or a mode of conformal arrangement with the projectile body.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of detonation control systems of air-defense missiles, in particular to a DBF-based missile-borne detection device which is arranged in an air-defense missile system and used for measuring distance and angle in real time and outputting a near-explosion detonation control instruction in due time according to accurate distance and orientation to an apparent center of a target.

Background

The existing air-defense missile mainly depends on a seeker to recognize a target and then carries out intelligent miss-firing, and delayed detonation is carried out through calculation of the shot distance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a DBF-based missile-borne detection device aiming at the defects of the prior art, which can effectively destroy targets and improve the matching efficiency of a fuze and a warhead on the premise of the original warhead fragment quality and explosive loading.

The invention provides a missile-borne detection device based on DBF, which is characterized by comprising a transceiver antenna group, a DBF processor, a signal processor, an integrated controller and a power supply component:

the transceiver antenna group: the transmitter is used for generating, modulating and amplifying millimeter wave radio frequency signals, and the receiver is used for receiving echo signals, amplifying, mixing, filtering and outputting amplitude-stabilized signals;

the DBF processor: the device is used for carrying out DBF processing on the intermediate frequency echo beat signals output by the transmitting-receiving antenna group, forming sum and difference beam data and transmitting the sum and difference beam data to the signal processor;

the signal processor: the system is used for controlling the working mode and the time sequence of the detection system, receiving and processing the sum and difference beam data sent by the DBF processor, completing the measurement of the target distance and angle, and transmitting the processing result through a corresponding interface;

the integrated controller is: the system is used for realizing the flow control and the starting instruction of the missile-borne system, generating a synchronous signal, integrating the processing result of the signal processor and outputting a near-explosion instruction at proper time;

the power supply assembly is: the power supply isolation and conversion device is used for realizing the isolation and conversion of the power supply on the missile, and generating power supply voltage and filtering required by each component and part of the system.

Further, the number of the transmitting and receiving antenna groups is three, the transmitting and receiving antenna groups are uniformly distributed to cover the 360-degree circumferential range of the bomb body, each transmitting and receiving antenna group comprises a transmitting antenna array covering the 120-degree beam scanning range and eight receiving antenna arrays, and the beam width of a single antenna pattern of each receiving antenna array is 12-18 degrees.

Furthermore, the DBF processor performs AD sampling, digital down-conversion and low-pass filtering on the intermediate frequency echo beat signals output by the T/R component receiver to obtain I, Q channel baseband data, calculates corresponding beam forming weight coefficients for 8 channel baseband data of each receiving antenna component according to 8 wave position antenna beam directions, performs beam forming processing on the baseband data to obtain sum and difference beam baseband data of 8 wave positions, the 3 receiving antenna arrays have 24 groups of sum and difference beam baseband data, and the DBF processor transmits the data after beam forming to the signal processor.

Furthermore, the signal processor controls the working mode and the time sequence of the detection system, receives 24 groups of received sum and difference beam data sent by the DBF processor, performs FFT (fast Fourier transform), coherent accumulation and constant false alarm detection on the received sum and difference beam data to complete the detection on the target, measures the distance and the speed of the target by using the sum beam data when the target exists, measures the angle of the target by using the sum and difference beam data, and transmits the processing result through a corresponding interface.

Furthermore, the transmitting-receiving antenna group transmits a frequency modulation signal through a radar, the frequency of the signal reflected by the target is mixed with the frequency at the moment, and the beat frequency of the frequency is corresponding to the distance between the radar and the target.

Furthermore, the beat frequency is calculated by:

in the formula: f. of_bFor beat frequency,. DELTA.F is the radio frequency modulation bandwidth, F_mFor modulating frequency, T_mFor the modulation period, u is the chirp rate, R is the distance, and C is the speed of light.

Furthermore, the receiving antenna array adopts a plane arrangement mode or a mode of conformal arrangement with the projectile body.

The missile-borne detection device based on the DBF can timely select different damage elements such as an explosive warhead, directional fragments and the like according to the accurate fixed-distance orientation of the apparent center of the target, so as to achieve the optimal damage effect. The invention adopts a linear frequency modulation continuous wave detection system, works in a millimeter wave band and realizes circumferential detection.

The invention has the characteristics of high angle measurement precision, long detection distance, 360-degree circumferential detection, large dynamic range, high precision, high reliability and small volume, and in addition, the invention works in a millimeter wave band and has the characteristic of strong anti-jamming capability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the components of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an 8 receive beamforming DBF process implementation.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of adaptive beamforming.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention, but are for clear understanding.

The invention provides a missile-borne detection device based on DBF, which comprises three independent detection subsystems (a transmitting-receiving antenna, a T/R component and a DBF processor), a signal processor, an integrated controller and a power supply component. The system comprises a transmitting-receiving antenna group, a DBF processor, a signal processor, a comprehensive controller and a power supply component. A block diagram of an implementation of the circumferential detection system is shown in fig. 1.

A transmitting-receiving antenna group: the T/R component transmitter is used for generating, modulating and amplifying millimeter wave radio frequency signals, and the T/R component receiver is used for receiving echo signals, amplifying, mixing, filtering and outputting amplitude-stabilized signals. The number of the transmitting and receiving antenna groups is three, each group of transmitting array antenna comprises 1 antenna subarray, each antenna subarray is followed by one transmitting component, and one group of antennas covers a 120-degree beam scanning range, namely-60 degrees to +60 degrees; each group of receiving array antennas comprises 8 antenna subarrays, each antenna subarray is connected with a receiving component, the number of the 3 receiving antenna arrays is 24, the group of antennas covers a 120-degree beam scanning range, namely-60 degrees to +60 degrees, and the 3 groups of receiving array antennas are arranged on the surface of the projectile body at intervals of 120 degrees, so that a 360-degree circumferential range is covered. Each group of receiving antenna array works in a simultaneous multi-receiving beam mode in a space of-60 degrees to +60 degrees, the beam width of a single antenna directional pattern formed by the receiving array is about 15 degrees, and 8 wave positions are needed for completing 120-degree spatial coverage.

The transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna adopt a transmitting-receiving separate arrangement mode, the transmitting antenna arrays are arranged around the circumference direction of the projectile body, and the three groups of transmitting-receiving antenna arrays form a transmitting beam in the circumferential direction of 360 degrees. For a receiving antenna array, each subarray antenna is connected with a receiving channel, the receiving channel carries out frequency mixing, filtering, amplification and other processing on radio frequency signals received by the antenna subarrays and outputs intermediate frequency echo beat signals, and each receiving antenna array is provided with 8 antenna subarrays, so that intermediate frequency signals of 8 channels are output.

A DBF processor: the device is used for carrying out DBF processing on the intermediate frequency echo beat signals output by the transmitting-receiving antenna group, forming sum and difference beam data and transmitting the sum and difference beam data to the signal processor; the DBF processor carries out AD sampling, digital down-conversion, low-pass filtering and other processing on the intermediate frequency echo beat signals output by 24 receiving channels of the 3 receiving antenna arrays to obtain 24 channels of I, Q baseband data, calculates corresponding beam forming weight coefficients according to the antenna beam direction of 8 wave positions for the 8 channels of baseband data of each receiving antenna array, carries out beam forming processing on the baseband data to obtain sum and difference beam baseband data of 8 wave positions, the 3 receiving antenna arrays have 24 groups of sum and difference beam baseband data, and the DBF processor sends the data after beam forming to the signal processor.

A signal processor: the device is used for controlling the working mode and the time sequence of the detection system, receiving the sum and difference beam data sent by the DBF processor, processing the sum and difference beam data, completing the measurement of the target distance and the target angle, and transmitting the processing result through the corresponding interface. The signal processor controls the working mode and the time sequence of the detection system, receives 24 groups of received sum and difference beam data sent by the DBF processor, carries out FFT (fast Fourier transform), coherent accumulation, constant false alarm detection and other processing on the received sum and difference beam data to complete the detection of the target, measures the distance and the speed of the target by using the sum beam data when the target exists, measures the angle of the target by using the sum and difference beam data, judges the beam where the target is located, measures the angle information of the target by using the sum and difference beam monopulse angle measurement processing, and transmits the processing result out through a corresponding interface.

The integrated controller: the method is used for realizing the process control, the starting instruction and the generation of the synchronous signal of the missile-borne system, integrating the processing result of the signal processor and outputting the near-explosion instruction in time.

The power supply assembly: the power supply isolation and conversion device is used for realizing the isolation and conversion of the power supply on the missile, and generating power supply voltage and filtering required by each component and part of the system.

The invention adopts a frequency modulation continuous wave detection system, works in a millimeter wave band, adopts three groups of array waveguide receiving and transmitting antennas, can realize 360-degree circumferential detection, has a detection distance range of 2-220 m and an angle measurement precision of 10 degrees.

The distance measurement principle of the millimeter wave linear frequency modulation continuous wave radar system is as follows: the radar emits a frequency-modulated signal, the signal reflected by the target is mixed with the frequency at the moment, and the beat frequency corresponds to the distance between the radar and the target. For triangular wave modulation, one can approximate from a simple time domain analysis:

in the formula: f. of_bFor beat frequency,. DELTA.F is the radio frequency modulation bandwidth, F_mFor modulating frequency, T_mFor the modulation period, u is the chirp rate, R is the distance, and C is the speed of light.

The beat frequency is a linear function of the distance R, as shown by equation (1). For the proximity fuse distance measurement, because the relative speed of the bullet is very high, the Doppler effect spreads the spectrum, the echo has Doppler frequency shift, the first half period:

the second half period is as follows:

doppler frequency:

in the formula: v_RFor the speed of bullet approach, λ is the millimeter wave wavelength, f_dIs the doppler frequency.

Formulas (4) and (5) show that when the modulation slope of the triangular wave is not changed, the Doppler signal in the first half period can be cancelled with the Doppler signal in the second half period, and the influence of Doppler effect on distance measurement is eliminated.

The principle of the DBF processor calculating the beamforming weight coefficients is:

beamforming is the use of a shaped beam to achieve the goal of preserving the desired or useful signal while filtering out unwanted interference clutter. Digital Beamforming (DBF) is the digital implementation of spatial filtering at baseband.

The DBF "steers" the antenna array beam to one direction at the same time by performing weighted summation on the outputs of the array elements, and gives DOA (direction of arrival) estimation for the steering position where the maximum output power is obtained for the desired signal. The DBF technology combines beam forming and signal processing of a receiving antenna, can perform two-dimensional signal processing on a time domain and a space domain, and can perform self-adaptive control on antenna beam side lobes. The DBF has the advantages of simultaneously forming independent multi-beams, adaptively forming a directional diagram zero point, adopting a super-resolution angle estimation technology, having low sidelobe and the like.

The beamformer can eliminate unwanted signals entering the field of view of the radar through the array antenna and use the correlation of the target echo signals to enhance reception of the desired target echoes. The DBF processor can respond accordingly under the control of the signal processor, including self-test, receive channel uniformity calibration, provisioning, receive digital multi-beam forming, etc.

Adaptive beamforming, also called adaptive filtering, is the most important component in array signal processing, and performs spatial filtering on the weights of the array elements to achieve the purposes of enhancing the desired signal and suppressing interference, and the weighting factors of the array elements can be adaptively changed according to the change of the signal environment, as shown in fig. 4.

Adaptive beamforming, also known as ADBF, implements weight set optimization by an adaptive algorithm under certain optimization criteria, and adapts to changes in various environments to adjust the weight set near an optimal position in real time. The array is a weighted sum of the components on each array element of the received signal vector x (n) for each array element. Let the weight vector be w ═ w₁,…,w_M]^TThen the output can be written as

The optimal weight vector criterion is the key of a real-time and efficient beam forming algorithm, and the beam forming algorithm is a mathematical method for calculating the optimal weight by integrating all input information under a certain criterion. The common criteria are: maximum signal-to-noise ratio (MSNR), maximum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (MSINR), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), maximum likelihood ratio (MLH), and Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV).

Ideally the weights derived from these several criteria are equivalent, called wiener solution:

wherein, a (theta)_d) Is a non-interfering direction function, also called a constrained steering vector, and R_HIs an array covariance matrix without the desired signal.

The adaptive algorithm determines and adjusts the array beam directional diagram, and various adaptive control algorithms converge to the same steady state solution, so that the transient response speed and the complexity of a realization circuit are directly determined. Because the bullet intersection position is uncertain, and the direction of arrival is uncertain, the invention adopts MMSE to carry out adaptive beam algorithm formation.

The array covariance matrix usually contains the desired signal, and the minimum mean square error between the array output and a response of a desired signal is the MMSE criterion. The criterion does not require knowledge of the direction of arrival of the desired signal in advance. For the adaptive beamforming structure, the error between the reference signal d (t) and the array output signal y (t) is:

e(t)＝d(t)-y(t)＝d(t)-w^Hx(t) (8)

the MMSE criterion for finding the optimal weight is:

obtaining the optimal weight w according to the criterion_optThe equation of (a) is:

R_xxw_opt＝r_xd(10)

in the above formula, R_xx＝E{x(t)x^H(t) } represents the covariance matrix of the received signal, r_xd＝E{x(t)d^*(t) } denotes a cross-correlation matrix between the received signal and the reference signal.

According to the above equation, if R_xxIf the rank is full, the optimal weight under the MMSE criterion can be obtained as follows:

details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.