Novel dark and weak target detection device under strong sky light background
阅读说明:本技术 一种新型强天光背景下暗弱目标探测装置 (Novel dark and weak target detection device under strong sky light background ) 是由 董磊 王建立 李洪文 王斌 于 2019-12-12 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种新型强天光背景下暗弱目标探测装置,属于光学搜索跟踪设备及星敏感器技术领域,该装置利用剪切干涉仪实现目标光的干涉,形成剪切干涉条纹,并且利用剪切干涉仪实现剪切干涉条纹的周期性往返运动,进而实现目标光信号的频率调制,然后利用探测器将两路横向剪切光束的光信号转换为电信号,最后利用微弱信号检测设备对受调制的目标信号进行检测并抑制包含天光背景在内的主要噪声的影响,实现对暗弱目标信号的探测。本发明所提出的新型强天光背景下暗弱目标探测装置能够克服近距离目标难以干涉的问题并且能够大大提升能量利用率,提高了暗弱目标探测星等和对天光背景的抑制能力。(The invention relates to a novel dark and weak target detection device under a strong skylight background, which belongs to the technical field of optical search tracking equipment and star sensors. The novel device for detecting the dim and weak targets under the strong skylight background can overcome the problem that the close-range targets are difficult to interfere, greatly improve the energy utilization rate and improve the capabilities of detecting stars and the like of the dim and weak targets and inhibiting the skylight background.)
1. A novel dark and weak target detection device under strong sky light background is characterized by comprising:
the shearing interferometer (10) is used for forming two transverse shearing light beams by incident light beams containing target light and skylight background light, and periodically modulating the shearing amount of the two transverse shearing light beams to enable the target light in the two transverse shearing light beams to form moving shearing interference fringes;
the detector (30) is used for converting the optical signals of the two transverse shearing light beams into electric signals and sending the electric signals to weak signal detection equipment (40);
the weak signal detection device (40) is used for detecting and extracting a target signal corresponding to the target light from the electric signal.
2. The new dark and weak target detection device under strong skylight background as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a beam shrinking lens (20) between the shearing interferometer (10) and the detector (30);
the beam shrinking lens (20) is used for compressing the coverage area of the fringe field of the two transverse shearing light beams.
3. A novel dark and weak object detection device under strong daylight background according to claim 1 or 2,
the shearing interferometer (10) comprises a reflecting mirror (11) and a light splitting element positioned in front of the reflecting mirror (11), wherein the light splitting element is any one of a light splitting film (12), a light splitting flat plate and a light splitting prism.
4. The new dark and weak target detection device under strong daylight background as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said shearing interferometer (10) further comprises an actuator (13);
the actuator (13) is fixedly arranged on the back surface of the reflecting mirror (11), and the actuator (13) does periodic linear reciprocating motion so as to periodically modulate the shearing amount of the two transverse shearing light beams.
5. The novel dark and weak object detection device under strong skylight background is characterized in that,
the actuator (13) is a piezoelectric ceramic actuator or a voice coil motor actuator.
6. A novel dark and weak object detection device under strong daylight background according to claim 1 or 2,
the detector (30) is any one of a photodiode array detector, an avalanche photodiode array detector, a photomultiplier array detector and a microchannel plate detector.
7. A novel dark and weak object detection device under strong daylight background according to claim 1 or 2,
the weak signal detection equipment (40) adopts weak periodic signal detection equipment based on a phase-locked amplifier or a sampling integrator as a core device, and the number of processing channels of the weak periodic signal detection equipment is equal to the number of pixels of the detector (30).
8. The novel dark and weak object detection device under strong skylight background is characterized in that,
the shearing interferometer (10) comprises a shearing plate structure.
9. The novel dark and weak object detection device under strong skylight background is characterized in that,
the shearing interferometer (10) comprises a birefringent prism structure.
10. The novel dark and weak object detection device under strong skylight background is characterized in that,
the shearing interferometer (10) comprises a double grating structure.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical search tracking equipment and star sensors, in particular to a novel device for detecting dark and weak targets under a strong sky light background.
Background
The optical search tracking technology is a widely applied general technology and can be used for precise pointing of laser beams, position and attitude keeping of a flying platform, high-precision tracking of a large-aperture photoelectric telescope and the like. Star tracking devices, commonly referred to as star sensors, acquire position and attitude information of an aircraft (satellites, etc.) by detecting the star field distribution over a large area.
The existing optical searching and tracking device is influenced by the background of the sun and the sky light, and the detection time period, the detection capability and the measurement accuracy of the existing optical searching and tracking device are severely restricted. The existing methods for suppressing the background noise of the sky light (mainly including a field control method, a spectral filtering method, a polarization filtering method and the like) have limitations, and are mainly embodied in the following points: for the visual field control method, the visual field is small, and the inhibition capability under the background of strong sky light is poor; for the spectral filtering method, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to distinguish the spectral energy peaks of the target light and the skylight background when the target and the skylight background have similar spectra; for the polarization filtering method, the difference of the polarization states of the target light and the skylight background generally needs to be estimated in advance, and the difference of the polarization states changes along with the changes of the target orbit motion, the attitude, the solar altitude angle and the like, so the specific implementation is more complex and certain requirements are also provided for the application time interval and the scene. Therefore, the dim and weak target detector based on the existing method for suppressing the background noise of the sky light has the problems of low dim and weak target detection star and the like, poor adaptability to the application environment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a novel device for detecting a dim and weak target under a strong daylight background, aiming at the problems of low dim and weak target detection stars and the like, poor adaptability to an application environment and the like of the existing dim and weak target detector.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a novel dark and weak target detection device under strong sky light background comprises:
the shearing interferometer is used for forming two transverse shearing light beams by incident light beams comprising target light and skylight background light, and periodically modulating the shearing amount of the two transverse shearing light beams to enable the target light in the two transverse shearing light beams to form moving shearing interference fringes;
the detector is used for converting the optical signals of the two transverse shearing light beams into electric signals and sending the electric signals to weak signal detection equipment;
the weak signal detection device is used for detecting and extracting a target signal corresponding to the target light from the electric signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the novel dark and weak target detection device under the strong skylight background utilizes the shearing interferometer to receive the incident light beam containing the target light and the skylight background light, the incident light beam is formed into two transverse shearing light beams, the interference of the target light in the two transverse shearing light beams is realized by utilizing the characteristic that the far field coherent region of the target with the size far smaller than the skylight background range is larger, and meanwhile, the periodically changed optical path difference is introduced into the two shearing light paths, so that the shearing quantity of the two transverse shearing light beams is periodically modulated, the target light in the two transverse shearing light beams forms moving shearing interference fringes, the detector converts the changed optical signals into electric signals, and then the detection and extraction of the target light are realized through subsequent signal detection equipment. The invention skillfully utilizes the difference of the target and the background of the sky light on the spatial coherence and amplifies the difference of the target and the background of the sky light by a modulation and demodulation method, thereby realizing the detection of dark and weak targets under the background of strong sunlight, and because the shearing amount of the two transverse shearing light beams can be adjusted to be very small and the shearing interference fringes are clearer, the interference detection of targets with different distances and different sizes can be realized, in addition, because the center distance of the two transverse shearing light beams can be very small (can be close to zero), the energy in a target far-field coherent region can be fully utilized, the energy utilization rate is higher (close to 100%), therefore, the novel device for detecting the dim and weak targets under the strong skylight background can overcome the problem that the close-range targets are difficult to interfere, greatly improve the energy utilization rate and improve the capabilities of detecting stars and the like and inhibiting the skylight background. The novel device for detecting the dim and weak targets under the strong sky light background can be placed on a foundation, a sea foundation, an air foundation or a space foundation platform for use, can realize the discovery and tracking of the dim and weak targets in the whole day of a large telescope, the accurate pointing in the whole day of a laser beam, the control of the attitude of an aircraft in the whole day, and the like, and has wide application range and strong practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting dark and weak objects under a strong sky-light background according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a shear interference fringe pattern;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dark and weak target detection device under a strong sky-light background in another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a novel dark and weak target detection device under a strong sky-light background, which includes a
Specifically, in the present embodiment, an incident light beam including a celestial background light and a target light emitted by a dim and
The
The weak
The novel dark and weak target detection device under the strong skylight background provided by the embodiment utilizes the shearing interferometer to receive the incident light beam containing the target light and the skylight background light, the incident light beam is formed into two paths of transverse shearing light beams, the interference of the target light in the two paths of transverse shearing light beams is realized by utilizing the characteristic that the far field coherent region of the target with the size far smaller than the skylight background range is larger, and meanwhile, the periodically changed optical path difference is introduced into the two shearing light paths, so that the shearing quantity of the two paths of transverse shearing light beams is periodically modulated, the target light in the two paths of transverse shearing light beams forms moving shearing interference fringes, the detector converts the changed optical signal into an electric signal, and then the detection and extraction of the target light are realized through subsequent weak signal detection equipment. The dark and weak target detection device skillfully utilizes the difference of the target and the sky light background on the spatial coherence and amplifies the difference of the target and the sky light background by a modulation and demodulation method, thereby realizing the detection of dark and weak targets under the background of strong sunlight, and because the shearing amount of the two transverse shearing light beams can be adjusted to be very small and the shearing interference fringes are clearer, the interference detection of targets with different distances and different sizes can be realized, in addition, because the center distance of the two transverse shearing light beams can be very small (can be close to zero), the energy in a target far-field coherent region can be fully utilized, the energy utilization rate is higher (close to 100%), therefore, the device for detecting the dim and weak targets under the background of the strong sky light provided by the embodiment can overcome the problem that the close-range targets are difficult to interfere, can greatly improve the energy utilization rate, and improves the detection precision and accuracy of the dim and weak targets. The novel dark and weak target detection device under the strong sky light background that this embodiment provided can place and use on ground, sea bed, air base or sky base platform, can realize the discovery and the tracking of the dark and weak target of large-scale telescope during the whole day, and the accurate sensing during the whole day of laser beam, the attitude control during the whole day of aircraft etc. and the range of application is wide, and the practicality is strong.
When the width of the interference fringes formed by the
The
As a specific implementation manner, the
In order to form moving shearing interference fringes for the target light in the two transverse shearing light beams, it is necessary to introduce periodic modulation of an optical path difference (or phase difference) between the two transverse shearing light beams in the
Further, the
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
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