阅读说明：本技术 包括气液热交换器的飞行器推进组件 (Aircraft propulsion assembly comprising a gas-liquid heat exchanger ) 是由 塞巴斯蒂安·奥里奥尔 ***-拉明·布塔勒布 文森特·吉恩-弗朗索瓦·佩龙 于 2018-04-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种飞行器推进组件(10),该推进组件包括由机舱(26)包围的涡轮发动机,该机舱包括环形的进气唇缘(30),该进气唇缘通过分别是内壁(34)和外壁(36)的两个环形壁围绕涡轮发动机延伸,至少当飞行器在飞行中时,该内壁和外壁旨在被空气流(28,40)吹扫,其特征在于,所述内壁和外部各自包括或支撑管道(42)的至少一个网络,以便形成热交换器,内壁的管道的网络具有与外壁的管道的网络的至少一个进液口串联连接的至少一个出液口,并且推进组件包括用于使液体循环的装置(46,50,52,54),该装置连接到内壁的管道的网络的至少一个进液口以向该网络供应液体,并且该装置连接到外壁的管道的网络的至少一个出液口以对液体进行回收。(The invention relates to an aircraft propulsion assembly (10) comprising a turbine engine surrounded by a nacelle (26) comprising an annular air inlet lip (30) extending around the turbine engine through two annular walls, respectively an inner wall (34) and an outer wall (36) intended to be swept by an air flow (28, 40) at least when the aircraft is in flight, characterized in that said inner and outer walls each comprise or support at least one network of pipes (42) so as to form a heat exchanger, the network of pipes of the inner wall having at least one liquid outlet connected in series with at least one liquid inlet of the network of pipes of the outer wall, and in that the propulsion assembly comprises means (46, 50, 52, 54) for circulating a liquid, connected to the at least one liquid inlet of the network of pipes of the inner wall for supplying the liquid to the network, and which is connected to at least one outlet opening of the network of pipes of the outer wall for recovering the liquid.)

1. A propulsion assembly (10) for an aircraft, comprising a turbine surrounded by a nacelle (26) comprising an annular air intake lip (30) extending around the turbine by two annular walls, respectively an inner wall (34) and an outer wall (36), which are intended to be swept by an air flow (28, 40) at least when the aircraft is in flight, characterized in that:

-the inner wall and the outer wall each comprise or support at least one network of pipes (42) intended to convey the liquid in contact with the inner wall or the outer wall so as to form an inner liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger and an outer liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger, respectively, the pipes (42) of each inner heat exchanger or outer heat exchanger being connected in parallel with each other,

-the network of tubes of the inner wall has at least one liquid outlet connected in series with at least one liquid inlet of the network of tubes of the outer wall, and

-the propulsion assembly comprises means (46, 50, 52, 54) for circulating liquid, which are connected to at least one inlet port of the network of pipes of the inner wall for supplying liquid to the network of pipes of the inner wall, and which are connected to at least one outlet port of the network of pipes of the outer wall for recovering liquid.

2. Propulsion assembly (10) according to claim 1, wherein the turbine is connected to the nacelle (26) through at least one passage of an auxiliary tubular arm (52), at least one inlet opening of the network of ducts (42) of the inner wall (34) and at least one outlet opening of the network of ducts (42) of the outer wall (36) being located substantially at the level of the arm.

3. Propulsion assembly (10) according to the previous claim, wherein the arm (52) is located at a 12 o' clock position on the dial similar to a clock.

4. Propulsion assembly (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the network of ducts (42) has a substantially curved or annular shape and extends around each other.

5. The propulsion assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein the network of pipes (42) is segmented and each comprises at least two sectors.

6. Propulsion assembly (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one liquid outlet of the network of ducts (42) of the inner wall (34) is connected to at least one liquid inlet of the network of ducts (42) of the outer wall (36) by at least one collector (48).

7. Propulsion assembly (10) according to the previous claim, wherein at least one liquid outlet of the network of ducts (42) of the inner wall (34) is connected to a first inner collector and at least one liquid inlet of the network of ducts (42) of the outer wall (36) is connected to a second outer collector, the first and second collectors being connected together by one or more lines extending substantially radially with respect to the axis.

8. Propulsion assembly (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inlet openings of the network of ducts (42) of the inner wall (34) are connected to a supply ramp (46) and the outlet openings of the network of ducts of the outer wall (36) are connected to a collection ramp (50).

9. Propulsion assembly (10) according to one of the previous claims, wherein at least one metal plate (44) is mounted and fixed, for example by brazing or welding, to each of the inner wall (34) and the outer wall (36) and is shaped so as to define the network of ducts (42) corresponding to the wall.

10. Propulsion assembly (10) according to the preceding claim when depending on claim 7 or 8, wherein the collector (48) and/or the ramps (46, 50) are mounted and fixed to the inner wall (34) and the outer wall (36), for example by brazing or welding.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an aircraft propulsion assembly comprising a gas-to-liquid heat exchanger, in particular a gas-to-oil heat exchanger.

Background

Disclosure of Invention

To this end, the invention proposes a propulsion assembly for an aircraft, comprising a turbine surrounded by a nacelle comprising an annular air intake lip extending around the turbine by two annular walls, respectively an inner wall and an outer wall, intended to be purged by an air flow at least when the aircraft is in flight, characterized in that:

-said inner and outer walls each comprise or support at least one network of pipes intended to convey a liquid in contact with said inner or outer wall, so as to form an inner and an outer gas-liquid heat exchanger, respectively, the pipes of each inner or outer heat exchanger being connected in parallel with each other,

the network of ducts of the inner wall has at least one liquid outlet which is connected in series with at least one liquid inlet of the network of ducts of the outer wall, and

the propulsion assembly comprises means for circulating liquid, which are connected to at least one liquid inlet of the network of pipes of the inner wall for supplying the network of pipes of the inner wall with liquid, and which are connected to at least one liquid outlet of the network of pipes of the outer wall for recovering the liquid.

As part of the search for new heat exchange surfaces in turbines, a cooling system for liquids such as engine oil has been developed, which is in contact with a secondary air flow and an external air flow with low aerodynamic impact. The system comprises using the inner and outer walls of the nacelle as exchange surfaces between the liquid and the air. The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a liquid circulation structure at the level of the wall of a so-called "cooled" nacelle, by optimizing the power dissipated and the pressure drop generated, as well as the on-board mass.

The propulsion assembly according to the present invention may comprise one or more of the following features taken in isolation of each other or in combination with each other:

the turbine is connected to the nacelle through at least one passage of an auxiliary tubular arm, at least one inlet opening of the network of ducts of the inner wall and at least one outlet opening of the network of ducts of the outer wall being located substantially at the level of the arm,

the arm is located at the 12 o' clock position on the clock-like dial,

-the network has a substantially curved or annular shape and extends around each other,

the networks are segmented and each comprise at least two sectors,

-each of said pipes comprises two sectors, each sector being about 180,

-the network comprises a duct extending at least partially substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the propulsion assembly or turbine,

-at least one liquid outlet of the network of tubes of the inner wall is connected to at least one liquid inlet of the network of tubes of the outer wall by at least one collector,

-at least one liquid outlet of the network of tubes of the inner wall is connected to a first inner collector and at least one liquid inlet of the network of tubes of the outer wall is connected to a second outer collector, the first and second collectors being connected together by one or more lines extending substantially radially with respect to the axis,

-the liquid inlets of the network of conduits of the inner wall are connected to a supply ramp and the liquid outlets of the network of conduits of the outer wall are connected to a collection ramp,

-at least one metal sheet is mounted and fixed, for example by brazing (bridge) or welding (soudage), to each of said inner and outer walls and shaped so as to define said network of ducts corresponding to the wall, and

the collectors and/or ramps are mounted and fixed to said inner and outer walls, for example by brazing or welding.

Drawings

The invention will be better understood and other details, features and advantages thereof will appear more clearly when the following description is read, by way of non-limiting example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a schematic axial section view of the propulsion assembly,

figure 2 is a very schematic axial section half view of a part of a nacelle of a propulsion assembly according to the invention,

figure 3 is an enlarged view of a detail of figure 2,

figure 4 is a schematic axial section view of a nacelle of a propulsion assembly according to the invention,

FIGS. 5 and 6 comprise block diagrams illustrating the principle of oil circulation between the inner and outer walls of the nacelle,

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the dissipated power with the flow rate at equal pressure drop during cooling of the oil under each of the principles of FIGS. 5 and 6,

FIG. 8 comprises a block diagram illustrating the principle of oil circulation maintained between the inner and outer walls of the nacelle,

figure 9 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of a propulsion assembly nacelle according to the invention,

figure 10 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a propulsion assembly nacelle design according to the invention,

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a detail of FIG. 1 and shows the downstream end of the network of nacelles equipped with ducts, an

Figure 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of figure 11.

Detailed Description

The propulsion assembly 10 includes an engine or turbine surrounded by a nacelle.

Referring to FIG. 1, the turbine is a dual flow, twin mass turbine engine that includes, from upstream to downstream in the direction of flow of the gases, a low pressure compressor 12, a high pressure compressor 14, a combustor 16, a high pressure turbine 18 and a low pressure turbine 20 that define a flow path for a primary gas flow 22.

The rotor of the high-pressure turbine 18 is connected to the rotor of the high-pressure compressor 14 so as to form a high-pressure body, and the rotor of the low-pressure turbine 20 is connected to the rotor of the low-pressure compressor 12 so as to form a low-pressure body. The rotor of each turbine, under the influence of the thrust of the gases from the combustion chamber 16, causes the rotor of the associated compressor to rotate about the axis 24.

A nacelle 26 extends around the turbine and defines an annular flow passage for a secondary flow 28 around the turbine. The upstream end of the nacelle 26 defines an annular air intake lip 30 into which the air flow enters, passes through a fan 32 of the turbine, and then splits and forms the primary and secondary flows 22, 28 described above.

The lip 30 has a substantially C-shaped axial half-section, the opening of which is oriented axially downstream. The inner and outer annular edges of the lip are connected to the inner and outer annular walls 34, 36, respectively, of the nacelle. The walls 34, 36 extend around each other and are radially spaced from each other to define an annular space 38 for mounting equipment for the propulsion assembly 10.

As shown in fig. 1, the inner wall 34 has its radially inner surface 34a which defines, on the outside, the flow passage of the secondary flow 28, which is purged by the secondary flow. The outer wall 36 has its radially outer surface 36a swept by the air flow (arrows 40) flowing around the operating turbine.

Fig. 2-4 illustrate one aspect of the invention, including providing a liquid-to-gas heat exchanger, preferably a gas-to-oil heat exchanger, on the walls 34, 36 of the nacelle 26. The first heat exchanger is arranged on the radially outer surface 34b of the inner wall 34, in view of the circulation of the liquid or oil on the inner wall 34 and the heat exchange directly with this wall 34, which is purged by the secondary flow 28. The second heat exchanger is arranged on the radially inner surface 36b of the outer wall 36, in view of the circulation of the liquid or oil on the outer wall 36 and the direct heat exchange with this wall 36, which is purged by the air flow 40.

To this end, the walls 34, 36 include or carry a network of oil conduits 42. The one or more networks on each wall each include a plurality of pipes connected in parallel with each other. Each network of tubes forms a liquid-to-gas heat exchanger on either the inner wall 34 or the outer wall 36. Where a plurality of such heat exchangers are provided on the inner wall 34 and/or outer wall 36, the heat exchangers of the same inner or outer wall may be fluidly connected to each other in series or in parallel.

The conduit may at least partially have a generally axial orientation and thus extend substantially parallel to the axis 24 for a portion of the length. In this case, the cuts of fig. 2 and 3 would be made substantially perpendicular to axis 24.

Alternatively, the conduit may at least partially have an annular or circumferential general orientation extending about the axis 24. In this case, the cross-sections of fig. 2 and 3 would be formed in a plane passing through axis 24. In the latter case, the conduits may be disposed adjacent to each other along the axis 24 (fig. 4).

Advantageously, the duct 42 is connected to the respective wall 34, 36.

In the example shown in fig. 2 and 3, the ducts of each wall 34, 36 are formed by a metal plate 44 mounted and fixed to the respective wall (fig. 3), for example by brazing or welding. Each metal plate 44 is formed by, for example, stamping to include: a first substantially flat annular portion 44a applied and fixed to the above-mentioned surface of the respective wall; and a second annular portion 44b having a curved axial section which defines, together with the respective wall, the duct 42.

The dimensions D1, D2 of the portions 44a, 44b and in particular the internal volume of the duct 42 are predetermined parameters, according to the performance required of the exchanger.

Advantageously, the surfaces 34a, 36a in direct contact with the air flow (secondary flow 28 or external flow 40) are not modified so as not to generate additional aerodynamic losses compared to a conventional nacelle, which would lead to additional fuel consumption to compensate for these losses.

Preferably, the oil is supplied to the conduit 42 through the interior space 38 of the nacelle (fig. 4). Preferably, the internal geometry of the power supply should also follow acoustic and manufacturability constraints, which result in limitations on dimensions D1 and D2.

At the level of the same surface 34b, 36b, the pipes are fed in parallel by a collector 48 or a feed ramp 46. The oil is then collected in a collector 48 or collection ramp 50 connected in parallel on all of the pipes. The tubes of each exchanger are also connected in parallel with each other.

The assembly comprising the conduit 42 (i.e. the metal plate 44), ramp and collector is preferably welded or brazed to the respective surfaces of the walls 34, 36.

Secondary flow 28 and external flow 40 differ in temperature, velocity, etc., and thus the conditions to which surfaces 34a, 36a are exposed are not pure. Therefore, it is necessary to design a power supply structure to maximize the thermal power dissipated at all flying points. The dimensions D1 and D2 are an integral part of the design, as these parameters directly affect the flow rate distribution and the pressure drop in the oil.

Preferably, the aim is to find the optimum among the following three parameters: vacuum thermal power, pressure drop, and mass of airborne liquid. The liquid is preferably engine oil, but a heat transfer liquid other than oil can be used to cool the engine oil through a dedicated oil/heat transfer liquid heat exchanger. The heat transfer fluid may be the liquid phase in a two-phase fluid supplied to conduit 42.

The study of two different surfaces, namely the outer surface 36a and the inner surface 34a, allows us to know the trends of possible structures. Two modes of oil supply to these two surfaces are considered: in series (fig. 5) or in parallel (fig. 6).

In the case of series connection (fig. 5), it is preferable to supply the inner wall 34 first and then the outer wall 36. This choice can be explained by the fact that: this choice maximizes the temperature difference between the air and the oil to obtain maximum heat exchange.

The outer surface 36b has an air temperature that is lower than the air temperature in the secondary flow 28, but the outer surface has a lower convection coefficient. Thus, the cooling of the oil (by exchange with the secondary flow 28) that occurs at the level of the inner surface 34a still allows a sufficient temperature difference to be maintained between the air and the oil to exchange at the level of the outer surface 36 a.

In the parallel case (fig. 6), the geometry of the ducts of the two walls defines the flow rate distribution between these walls. However, a phenomenon of flow rate non-uniformity may occur and it is difficult to control such distribution. In fact, the exchange between two surfaces not operating under the same conditions may cause a variation in the viscosity of the oil in the pipe. This can result in a change in the flow rate distribution between the two surfaces, which is difficult to predict throughout the flight domain.

The choice of parallel or series configuration will depend on the power/voltage drop pairs exchanged. Two flow rate regions defining the use of the structure can be distinguished (see fig. 7).

It should be noted that at a certain flow rate H, the use of a parallel configuration is more interesting from a thermal point of view. However, the complexity of the parallel configuration (management of flow rate distribution and flow rate non-uniformity) indicates that the use of a series configuration is more interesting from a global point of view, even if the series configuration produces less power dissipation. In particular because the power difference is not significant beyond the flow rate value H.

The flow rate value H, which turns from the series configuration to the parallel configuration, proves to be very high. As part of cooling the nacelle 26, the average flow rate observed through the surface of the nacelle is much lower than the structural transition flow rate. Thus, a structure in which the pipes of the inner wall and the outer wall are connected together in series is maintained.

Thus, in case there are multiple heat exchanging surfaces, it is preferred to use as much series structures between the surfaces as possible in order to keep the structure simple and efficient. However, the series connection of all the surfaces used will generate an excessively high pressure drop in the exchanger. Currently, pressure limitations in the ducts of the nacelle force the use of at most two surfaces in series.

If all surfaces are connected in parallel, the power dissipation is too low. In practice, each surface will be supplied at a low flow rate, which will reduce the convective exchange coefficient of the oil. In addition, non-uniformity in flow rate between the inner and outer surfaces will severely affect the structure.

In order to limit the flow rate non-uniformity and to make the heat exchange between the different ducts uniform, it is more interesting to use a structure consisting of a plurality of portions of two surfaces in series (the outer surface immediately follows the inner surface), which are to be supplied in parallel, as shown in fig. 8.

This structure allows an optimal supply of surfaces and has been retained within the use frame of the cooling nacelle. In fact, a series configuration of all surfaces would produce an excessive pressure drop for the same surface used, and is therefore not feasible. The parallel configuration will not dissipate sufficient thermal power. This is why the chosen configuration optimizes the thermal power/pressure drop pair by adopting a mixed series and parallel configuration.

Thus, the network of conduits 42 of the inner wall 34 has one or more oil outlets connected in series with one or more oil inlets of the network of conduits of the outer wall 36. In the case where the inner wall 34 comprises two or at least three networks of pipes 42 connected in series, the outlet or outlets concerned are those of the last network of pipes 42 of the wall in the direction of circulation of the oil. The propulsion assembly comprises means for circulating oil from the turbine, which are connected to one or more oil inlets of the network of pipes of the inner wall to supply oil in parallel thereto, and to one or more oil outlets of the network of pipes of the outer wall to collect oil in parallel therefrom. As mentioned above, in the case where the outer wall 36 comprises two or at least three networks of pipes 42 connected in series, the oil inlet or inlets concerned are those of the first network of pipes 42 of the wall in the direction of circulation of the oil, and the oil outlet or outlets concerned are those of the last network of pipes 42 of the wall in the direction of circulation of the oil.

In the example of embodiment shown in fig. 9, the inner wall 34 carries at least two networks of pipes, each extending approximately 180 °. The inner wall may also be considered to comprise a network of individual segments of the pipe, the network comprising sectors of the pipe each extending approximately 180 °. Similarly, the outer wall 36 carries at least two networks of pipes, each extending approximately 180 °. The outer wall may also be considered to comprise a network of individual segments of the pipe, the network comprising sectors of the pipe each extending approximately 180 °.

The turbine is connected to the nacelle 26 by at least one tubular arm 52 for passing auxiliary components. Among these auxiliary components, oil lines 54, 56 may be provided, in particular a flow line 54, which extends substantially radially inside the arm 52 and allows the direction of the flow of hot oil from the engine to the heat exchanger of the nacelle, and a return line 56, which also extends substantially radially inside the arm and allows the flow of cooling oil from the heat exchanger to the engine for reuse, for lubricating and/or cooling engine components such as bearings. The flowline 54 and the scavenge line 56 are shown in phantom in fig. 9 and 10.

Flowline 54 is connected to the conduit of the inner wall 34 by at least one supply ramp 46 (FIG. 4). Where the arm 52 is located at a position similar to the 12 o 'clock position on the clock dial, the ramp 46 is also located at the radially outer end of the arm at the 12 o' clock position. The oil return line 56 is connected to the pipe on the outer wall by at least one collecting ramp, such as, for example, the ramp 50 (fig. 4), which is also located at the 12 o' clock position in the above example. In general, it is preferable to have a single feed ramp and a single collection ramp in order not to compromise the overall size and quality of the system. The two ramps may be formed in the same component.

The oil outlets of the network of pipes of the inner wall are connected to the oil inlets of the network of pipes of the outer wall by a collector 48, which is located at the 6 o' clock position in the above example. In the example shown, since each network of pipes is divided into two sectors, there are two collectors: a first collector for connecting a first pipe sector of the network of pipes of the inner wall to a first pipe sector of the network of pipes of the outer wall; and a second collector for connecting a second pipe sector of the network of pipes of the inner wall to a second pipe sector of the network of pipes of the outer wall. In the example shown, the first liquid-cooling circuit formed by the first pipe sector and the second liquid-cooling circuit formed by the second pipe sector are symmetrical with respect to a median longitudinal plane of the nacelle. This plane is also the plane of symmetry of the auxiliary arm 52, and is therefore vertical in the above example.

The mixing structure allows to minimize the number of pipes in a first step by circulation of the oil at the level of the inner wall (from 12h to 6h) and then at the level of the outer wall (from 6h back to 12 h).

Of course, the connection of the pipes of the first and second liquid cooling circuits to the circulation means of the oil from the turbine does not necessarily take place at the 12 o' clock position. Depending on the orientation of the auxiliary arm 52 traversed by the flowline 54 and the scavenge line 56. In addition, the connection of the pipe sectors by the collector 48 does not necessarily occur at the 6 o' clock position. This depends in particular on the angular extent of the pipe sectors. In case each of the first and second liquid cooling circuits comprises two pipe sectors of about 180 °, the collector is located at the 6 o' clock position.

The collectors 48 for the duct sectors connecting the inner and outer walls may each be "monolithic" and extend over the entire radial space between the walls 34, 36 of the nacelle. Alternatively, each unitary collector may be replaced by a collector formed of two parts: an inner collector mounted on the inner wall of the nacelle and an outer collector mounted on the outer wall of the nacelle. These collectors will be connected to each other by one or more lines which will pass through the space 38 of the nacelle according to a direction radial or oblique or even parallel to the surface of the nacelle. The arrangement of only one or two pipelines will save space inside the nacelle between the two parts of the collector, so that equipment encroaching on this free space can be integrated, if necessary, or other pipes or wires can be passed through this free space.

The network of tubes 42 of the inner wall 34 of the nacelle is not necessarily diametrically opposite the network of tubes 42 of the outer wall 36. In other words, the inner and outer liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers may be separated from each other in the longitudinal direction and/or the circumferential direction of the nacelle, respectively. Thus, the outlets of the network of inner wall tubes are not necessarily located in front of the inlets of the network of outer wall tubes connected in series with the outlets. In the case of the above-described inner collector (mounted on the inner wall of the nacelle) connected to the outer collector (mounted on the outer wall of the nacelle), the connecting line or lines between the inner collector and the outer collector may be relatively long depending on the longitudinal direction and/or the circumferential direction of the nacelle. Also in this case, it is preferable to have a single feed ramp and a single collection ramp.

Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which a single liquid cooling circuit formed by a network of pipes 42 is provided on the nacelle. The network of ducts 42 of each inner wall 34 or each outer wall 36 of the nacelle extends in the circumferential direction over only a part of this wall. In the example shown, each network extends around the axis 24 by an angle of about 120 °. From the above description of the example in fig. 9, it will be appreciated that at least one oil outlet of the network of pipes of the inner wall is connected in series with at least one oil inlet of the network of pipes of the outer wall by at least one collector 48 located around 4 o 'clock or 5 o' clock. Flowline 54 is connected to the conduit of the inner wall 34 by at least one supply ramp 46 at the 12 o' clock position at the radially outer end of the auxiliary arm 52. Oil return line 56 is connected to the tubing of outer wall 36 by at least one collection ramp also located at the 12 o' clock position.

Fig. 11 and 12 show another embodiment of the present invention applied to the downstream end of the nacelle 26 of fig. 1. Fig. 11 is a detail view of the frame portion of fig. 1 and shows a downstream collar 60 of the nacelle, formed by the approach and engagement of the downstream ends of the walls 34, 36.

The nacelle 26 includes a sliding cover thrust reverser. The sliding cover carries a collar 60 so that it can translate relative to a supply ramp arranged on a fixed part of the nacelle 26.

The oil is circulated to the network of pipes 42 by means of a pumping device (not shown). The tube 42 extends circumferentially about the axis 24 of the ferrule 60.

The width of each conduit is for example between one and one hundred millimetres. The term "width" is understood to mean the width according to the longitudinal section of the duct in question.

For efficiency reasons, the ferrule 60 and the tube 42 are made of a material suitable for efficiently dissipating heat.

According to a preferred example of embodiment, ferrule 60 and tube 42 may also be made of composite material or titanium.

Fig. 12 shows a network of pipes 42 having a semi-circular cross-section. The inner wall 34 carries at least one network of pipes 42 and the outer wall 36 carries at least one network of pipes 42.

As shown in the drawings, the ducts 42 of the wall 34 alternate regularly with the ducts 42 of the wall 36.

Each duct 42 is defined by a partition 62 integral with the respective wall 34, 36, the partition 62 having a substantially curved shape, the concavity of the partition being oriented towards the respective wall 34, 36. Each partition 62 of one wall is connected to the other wall by a rib 64, the rib 64 also being integrally formed with the walls 34, 36. Each rib 64 extends from the top of the convex surface of each partition 62 to the opposing wall 34, 36 and substantially in the normal plane to the opposing wall.

This design optimizes the temperature of the walls 34, 36 to maximize the thermal power exchanged via the conduit 42.

The ferrule 60 may be obtained by an extrusion type manufacturing method that produces a profile that is bent into the shape of the ferrule 60, or the ferrule 60 may be directly obtained by pultrusion.

The hybrid structure employed in the above examples according to embodiments of the invention, in which the heat exchangers, each consisting of a liquid pipe positioned in parallel on the outer or inner wall of the nacelle, are arranged in series in such a direction that the liquid circulates first through the exchanger or exchangers of the inner wall and then through the exchanger or exchangers of the outer wall, makes it feasible and advantageous to use the inner and outer surfaces of the nacelle in combination as heat exchange surfaces. The conventional parallel structure cannot provide sufficient heat exchange. The same applies to a series arrangement which cannot ensure the manufacturability of the exchange wall because of pressure limitations due to excessive pressure drops.

The proposed mixing structure is optimal because it ensures both a satisfactory heat dissipation of the liquid and a reduction in the number of surfaces used, while being robust to the phenomenon of flow rate non-uniformity. In the particular example of an embodiment in which the network of conduits 42 carries engine oil, this hybrid structure yields the following benefits (meeting the requirements for target heat dissipation):

a weight reduction of 12kg of airborne oil,

reduced number of surfaces used: of the twenty units of exchange surface required for the parallel structure, there are six units of exchange surface (per pipe), i.e. the mass of the structure is reduced by 70% by reducing the number of pipes in particular,

fewer parallel pipes, i.e. simpler flow rate distribution between pipes and a reduced number of interfaces and pipes, an

The exchanges in the ducts at all the flying points are coordinated, i.e. the flow rate non-uniformity is reduced, so that each surface piece operates under similar conditions.