阅读说明：本技术 一种中华绒螯蟹复合发酵饲料及其制备方法 (Eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed and preparation method thereof ) 是由 沈城 季春源 孙中超 郭子好 朱校适 于 2019-12-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种中华绒螯蟹复合发酵饲料及其制备方法,该饲料包括质量比为0.3-4：60000的菌剂和发酵底物；还可包括中草药复合提取物,其与发酵底物的质量比为0.3-5：60000。其中,发酵底物按照质量份包含豆粕6-16份、小麦20-30份、玉米30-50份、麸皮5-25份、糖蜜1-5份、复合预混料1-3份和水10-20份；菌剂包含植物乳杆菌1.6-2.6份、枯草芽孢杆菌3.0-3.4份、酿酒酵母菌2.9-3.6份、布氏乳杆菌2.1-2.7份、粪肠球菌1.1-1.7份。本发明保证了肠道益生菌在本产品中的数量、活性和存活时间,特定组成的中草药复合提取物和复合预混料,具有微生态制剂特性及类似抗生素生长因子的功能,可显著增强中华绒螯蟹的免疫力和抗病能力,降低疾病发生率,提高其饲养质量。(The invention discloses a eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3-4: 60000 and fermentation substrate; the fermentation substrate can also comprise Chinese herbal medicine compound extracts, and the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine compound extracts to the fermentation substrate is 0.3-5: 60000. wherein the fermentation substrate comprises 6-16 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of wheat, 30-50 parts of corn, 5-25 parts of bran, 1-5 parts of molasses, 1-3 parts of compound premix and 10-20 parts of water according to the mass parts; the microbial inoculum comprises 1.6-2.6 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3.0-3.4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2.9-3.6 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2.1-2.7 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 1.1-1.7 parts of enterococcus faecalis. The invention ensures the quantity, activity and survival time of intestinal probiotics in the product, and the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract and compound premix with specific composition have the characteristics of microecological preparation and the function similar to antibiotic growth factor, can obviously enhance the immunity and disease resistance of the eriocheir sinensis, reduce the disease incidence and improve the feeding quality.)

1. The eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed is characterized by comprising a microbial inoculum and a fermentation substrate; wherein the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum to a fermentation substrate is 0.3-4: 60000.

2. the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation substrate comprises 6-16 parts by mass of soybean meal, 20-30 parts by mass of wheat, 30-50 parts by mass of corn, 5-25 parts by mass of bran, 1-5 parts by mass of molasses, 1-3 parts by mass of compound premix and 10-20 parts by mass of water.

3. The eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed according to claim 2, wherein the total water content of the fermentation substrate is 25-30 wt%.

4. The eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed according to claim 2, wherein the compound premix comprises vitamin A: 5-7 parts of vitamin D₃: 1.1-1.9 parts of vitamin E₃: 3-46 parts of vitamin B₁: 3.6 to 4 portions of vitamin B₁₂: 1.1-2.1 parts of biotin: 0.5-0.9 parts, folic acid: 1.1-1.9 parts of mannan: 0.3-0.6 part of hexaurea trinitrate and iron: 1.1-1.9 parts of volcanic rock: 3-5 parts.

5. The eriocheir sinensis compound fermentation feed according to claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculum comprises, by mass, 1.6-2.6 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3.0-3.4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2.9-3.6 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2.1-2.7 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 1.1-1.7 parts of enterococcus faecalis.

6. The eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the compound fermented feed further comprises a Chinese herbal medicine compound extract, and the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract to a fermentation substrate is 0.3-5: 60000.

7. the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed according to claim 6, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract comprises 16-21 parts by weight of yucca, 16-21 parts by weight of eucommia ulmoides, 16-25 parts by weight of astragalus membranaceus, 15-25 parts by weight of garlic, 12-17 parts by weight of fenugreek and 11-17 parts by weight of mulberry leaves; or the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract comprises 16-21 parts of yucca, 15-21 parts of eucommia bark, 15-25 parts of astragalus root, 10-25 parts of garlic, 10-16 parts of motherwort, 9-15 parts of mulberry leaf and 9-15 parts of honeysuckle.

8. A preparation method of the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: adding a microbial inoculum into a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 18-30 h at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, and taking an obtained fermentation product as the eriocheir sinensis compound fermentation feed.

9. The preparation method of the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed according to claim 8, wherein the fermentation substrate is crushed, soaked and sterilized in sequence before fermentation.

10. The preparation method of the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed according to claim 8, wherein the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed is prepared by mixing the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed,

further comprising the steps of: adding Chinese herbal medicine compound extracts into the fermentation product, and uniformly mixing to obtain a feed serving as the eriocheir sinensis compound fermentation feed;

the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine composite extract comprises the following steps: mixing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials in the predetermined weight parts, drying, crushing, sieving, adding 3-8 times of alcohol solution in total weight, extracting in ultrasonic wave, centrifuging to obtain extract, filtering, reserving filtrate, repeatedly extracting the residual medicine dregs for 1-3 times under the same condition, combining the extract, heating and concentrating, and drying in vacuum to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine composite extract.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product compound feeds, and particularly relates to a eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), also known as hairy crab, is popular among consumers because of delicious meat taste. In recent years, artificial breeding of eriocheir sinensis is rising all over the country, and has become an important economic breeding variety in China. According to statistics, the culture scale of many counties in Jiangsu, Liaoning and other areas reaches tens of thousands of acres. However, with the rapid expansion of artificial breeding area and the increase of breeding density, on one hand, diseases are more and more frequently generated, and on the other hand, the problems of unhealthy intestinal tract, poor digestion and absorption, worsening of breeding environment and the like are easily caused.

The fermented feed is prepared by taking microorganisms as biological feed starter strains and converting feed raw materials into unicellular protein, small peptide amino acid, microbial activity probiotics and the like. The fermented feed is rich in beneficial flora required by animals, is beneficial to the health of intestinal tracts of the cultured animals, reduces the burden of the digestive tracts, increases the beneficial flora in the intestinal tracts and promotes the digestion and absorption of the cultured animals. Meanwhile, the culture environment can be purified and stabilized, the risk of environmental stress is reduced, and the ecological balance of the water body is kept.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed and the preparation method thereof, the formula composition of the eriocheir sinensis fermented feed is further optimized, the prepared fermented feed has the effects of enhancing the immunity and promoting the growth of the eriocheir sinensis, the quantity and the activity of intestinal probiotics in the product are ensured, and on the basis, the functional compound premix is added, and meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine extract with specific composition can be added, and all the components cooperate to consolidate and improve the health care effect of the feed.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical measures adopted by the invention comprise:

the invention provides a eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed, which comprises a microbial inoculum and a fermentation substrate; wherein the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum to a fermentation substrate is 0.3-4: 60000.

further, the fermentation substrate comprises 6-16 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of wheat, 30-47 parts of corn, 5-20 parts of bran, 1-5 parts of molasses, 1-3 parts of compound premix and 10-20 parts of water by mass.

Further, the total moisture content of the fermentation substrate is between 25 wt% and 30 wt%.

Further, the composite premix comprises vitamin A: 5-7 parts of vitamin D₃: 1.1-1.9 parts of vitamin E₃: 3-46 parts of vitamin B₁: 3.6 to 4 portions of vitamin B₁₂: 1.1-2.1 parts of biotin: 0.5-0.9 parts, folic acid: 1.1-1.9 parts of mannan: 0.3-0.6 part of hexaurea trinitrate and iron: 1.1-1.9 parts of volcanic rock: 3-5 parts.

The compound premix contains vitamins and minerals essential for the growth and development of the Eriocheir sinensis, can improve the nutritional completeness and utilization rate of the feed, and enhance the anti-stress capability of the Eriocheir sinensis; the added volcanic rock can increase the content of oxygen ions, stabilize the water quality, has the dual characteristics of releasing mineral elements and absorbing impurities in water, and can adsorb harmful heavy metal ions in the water and residual chlorine in the water, thereby effectively ensuring the growth water quality of the eriocheir sinensis.

Further, the microbial inoculum comprises 1.6-2.6 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3.0-3.4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2.9-3.6 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2.1-2.7 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 1.1-1.7 parts of enterococcus faecalis.

The strain can generate a plurality of active substances in the growth process, and the active substances have obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria, adjust gastrointestinal tract flora imbalance, recover intestinal tract function, enhance cellular immunity and humoral immunity function and improve population immunity. The fermentation substrate can generate synergistic effect when being matched with the fermentation substrate for fermentation, thereby consolidating and improving the health care effect of the feed and simultaneously influencing and correcting the growth environment of the eriocheir sinensis.

Further, the compound fermented feed also comprises a Chinese herbal medicine compound extract, and the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract to the fermentation substrate is 0.3-5: 60000.

further, the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract comprises 16-21 parts by weight of yucca, 16-21 parts by weight of eucommia bark, 16-25 parts by weight of astragalus, 15-25 parts by weight of garlic, 12-17 parts by weight of fenugreek and 11-17 parts by weight of mulberry leaf; or the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract comprises 16-21 parts of yucca, 15-21 parts of eucommia bark, 15-25 parts of astragalus root, 10-25 parts of garlic, 10-16 parts of motherwort, 9-15 parts of mulberry leaf and 9-15 parts of honeysuckle.

The Chinese herbal medicines are complex organic matters and have rich component varieties. The fermented feed can be additionally supplemented with the Chinese herbal medicine compound extractant, so that the palatability can be well improved, the disease resistance can be enhanced, the growth can be promoted, the synergistic effect of probiotics and Chinese herbal medicines can be maximally exerted, the intestinal health can be improved, the digestibility of the feed can be improved, the growth of the Eriocheir sinensis can be effectively promoted, and the occurrence of diseases during the culture can be reduced.

The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of any one of the eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feeds, which comprises the following steps: adding a microbial inoculum into a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 18-30 h at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, and taking an obtained fermentation product as the eriocheir sinensis compound fermentation feed.

Further, adding a microbial inoculum into a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 24 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃.

Further, the fermentation substrate is sequentially mixed, crushed and sterilized before fermentation. The method specifically comprises the following steps: and fully mixing and crushing fermentation substrates, and then carrying out steam mould.

Further, the preparation method also comprises the following steps: adding the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract into the fermentation product, and uniformly mixing to obtain the feed serving as the eriocheir sinensis compound fermentation feed.

Further, the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine composite extract comprises the following steps: mixing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials in predetermined weight parts, drying, pulverizing, sieving, adding 3-8 times of alcohol solution, extracting with ultrasonic wave (20 deg.C, 40-43kHz ultrasonic wave for 15min), centrifuging to obtain extractive solution (4500r/min for 10min), filtering, collecting filtrate, repeatedly extracting the residue under the same condition for 1-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, heating and concentrating, and vacuum drying to obtain Chinese herbal medicine composite extract.

Further, mixing, drying and crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials in the preset weight parts, sieving the raw materials with a sieve of 100 meshes and 120 meshes, adding alcohol solution with the concentration of 75 percent and the weight of 4-7 times of the total weight, placing the mixture in 40-43kHz ultrasonic wave for extraction, centrifuging to obtain extracting solution, filtering, reserving the filtrate for later use, repeatedly extracting the residual medicine dregs for 2 times under the same condition, combining the extracting solution, heating and concentrating, and drying in vacuum to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine composite extract.

Further, mixing, drying and crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials in the preset weight parts, sieving the raw materials with a 100-mesh sieve, adding 5 times of alcohol solution with the concentration of 75 percent of the total weight, placing the mixture in 42kHz ultrasonic wave for extraction, centrifuging the mixture to obtain extract, filtering the extract, reserving the filtrate for later use, repeatedly extracting the residual medicine dregs for 2 times under the same condition, combining the extract, heating and concentrating the extract, and drying the extract in vacuum to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine composite extract.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects by adopting the technical scheme:

(1) the invention utilizes efficient microorganisms, metabolites and feed degradation active substances thereof through a microbial fermentation technology, and the efficient microorganisms, the metabolites and the feed degradation active substances are rapidly propagated after entering the intestinal tracts of the Eriocheir sinensis, so that beneficial flora in the intestinal tracts is improved, the immunity and disease resistance of organisms are enhanced, the culture survival rate is improved, and the disease incidence is reduced, thereby effectively solving the increasingly serious disease problem in the cultivation process of the Eriocheir sinensis.

(2) Meanwhile, beneficial bacteria in intestinal excreta of crab bodies can rapidly decompose organic matters such as animal excreta, feed residues, biological residues and the like in the aquaculture water into nitrate, phosphate, sulfate and the like, promote the propagation and growth of unicellular algae in the aquaculture water, supply oxygen to the aquaculture objects, balance bacterial phases and algal phases of the whole aquaculture ecological system, and thus form a benign ecological cycle.

(3) The invention can also be additionally added with Chinese herbal medicine compound extracts, and the combination of yucca, eucommia bark, astragalus root, garlic, motherwort, mulberry leaf, honeysuckle and fenugreek contained in the Chinese herbal medicine compound extracts has the functions of tonifying qi, improving immunity and disease defense capacity, enhancing anti-stress capacity, improving intestinal environment, promoting the absorption of nutrient substances and increasing the effect of food calling.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a eriocheir sinensis compound fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed comprises a microbial inoculum and a fermentation substrate; wherein the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum to a fermentation substrate is 0.3-4: 60000; the fermentation substrate can also comprise a Chinese herbal medicine composite extract, wherein the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine composite extract to the fermentation substrate is 0.3-5: 60000.

the following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.