阅读说明：本技术 一种加州鲈鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 (Compound feed for micropterus salmoides and preparation method thereof ) 是由 舒锐 尹立鹏 黄江 于 2019-12-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种加州鲈鱼配合饲料及其制备方法,该饲料包括以下重量份的原料：鱼粉40-60份；混合蛋白10-30份；混合淀粉10-15份；混合油脂5-10份；磷酸二氢钙0.9-1.1份；胆汁酸饲料添加剂1.8-2.2份；所述混合蛋白由饲料营养因子与棉籽蛋白组成,并且以(1-3):(1-2)的重量配比混合；所述混合淀粉由木薯淀粉与小麦淀粉组成,并且以1:(1-2)的重量配比混合；所述混合油脂由鱼油与豆油组成,并且以(4-6):1的重量配比混合；本发明制备得到的加州鲈鱼配合饲料,饲料中淀粉的含量适中,不会影响加州鲈的肝脏代谢,同时可以有效促进加州鲈快速生长。(The invention discloses a micropterus salmoides compound feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fish meal; 10-30 parts of mixed protein; 10-15 parts of mixed starch; 5-10 parts of mixed grease; 0.9-1.1 parts of monocalcium phosphate; 1.8-2.2 parts of bile acid feed additive; the mixed protein consists of feed nutritional factors and cottonseed protein and is mixed according to the weight ratio of (1-3) to (1-2); the mixed starch consists of cassava starch and wheat starch, and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1 (1-2); the mixed grease consists of fish oil and soybean oil and is mixed according to the weight ratio of (4-6) to 1; the micropterus salmoides compound feed prepared by the invention has moderate starch content, does not influence liver metabolism of micropterus salmoides, and can effectively promote the rapid growth of micropterus salmoides.)

1. The compound feed for micropterus salmoides is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40-60 parts of fish meal;

10-30 parts of mixed protein;

10-15 parts of mixed starch;

5-10 parts of mixed grease;

0.9-1.1 parts of monocalcium phosphate;

1.8-2.2 parts of bile acid feed additive;

the mixed protein consists of feed nutritional factors and cottonseed protein and is mixed according to the weight ratio of (1-3) to (1-2);

the mixed starch consists of cassava starch and wheat starch, and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1 (1-2);

the mixed grease consists of fish oil and soybean oil and is mixed according to the weight ratio of (4-6) to 1.

2. The micropterus salmoides compound feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

51 parts of fish meal;

25 parts of mixed protein;

14 parts of mixed starch;

7 parts of mixed grease;

1 part of monocalcium phosphate;

2 parts of a bile acid feed additive;

the mixed protein consists of feed nutritional factors and cottonseed protein and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 3: 2;

the mixed starch consists of cassava starch and wheat starch and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.8;

the mixed grease consists of fish oil and soybean oil and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 6: 1.

3. The compound feed for micropterus salmoides according to claim 1, wherein the feed nutritional factors are prepared by the following method: adding water into soybean meal powder and rice bran protein powder to prepare a mixed solution, adding yeast dry powder preparation solution into the mixed solution to obtain the feed nutritional factor, and drying the feed nutritional factor until the water content is 6-8%.

4. The compound feed for micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed solution is prepared by adding 50ml of water and 0.5g of rice bran protein powder into 1g of soybean meal.

5. The compound feed for micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 3, wherein the yeast dry powder preparation is added in an amount of 5% by volume of the mixed solution.

6. The compound feed for micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 3, wherein the yeast dry powder preparation solution is prepared by adding 100ml of water into 1g of yeast dry powder; the yeast dry powder is prepared by mixing feed yeast powder and yeast extract according to the proportion of 5: 3.

7. The compound feed for micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rice bran protein powder is prepared by the following method: removing impurities from rice bran, grinding, sieving to obtain rice bran coarse powder, adding 20-30 times of warm water of 20 ℃ by mass of the rice bran coarse powder, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-30min at the ultrasonic power of 100-500W, adding alkali liquor, adjusting the pH value to 8-9, carrying out centrifugal treatment for 10min to obtain a protein extracting solution, adjusting the pH value of the protein extracting solution to 4-5, and concentrating by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the rice bran protein powder.

8. The method for preparing micropterus salmoides compound feed of claim 1, which comprises the following steps:

1) firstly, weighing feed nutritional factors and cassava starch according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and carrying out superfine grinding treatment to 500 meshes to obtain a first mixture;

2) then weighing fish meal, cottonseed protein, wheat starch, monocalcium phosphate and a bile acid feed additive according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and crushing to 100 meshes to obtain a second mixture;

3) then uniformly mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, feeding the mixture into an extrusion and expansion granulator for granulation, and drying the obtained granulated feed at the temperature of 80-90 ℃;

4) and (3) cooling the pellet feed to 30-40 ℃, then carrying out vacuum spraying on the mixed oil in parts by weight of the raw materials, and cooling to obtain a finished product.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the micronizing is carried out at a temperature of 10 ℃.

10. The method for preparing a compound feed for micropterus salmoides according to claim 8, wherein the extrusion-expansion-granulation process is carried out at a temperature of 100 ℃ and a humidity of 50-60%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to a micropterus salmoides compound feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Lateolabrax japonicus, also known as micropterus salmoides, belongs to the order Perciformes, the family Sunglass, the genus Percopterus, originally produced in the water system of Missippi river, California, USA. Because of the advantages of rapid growth, more meat, less thorn, delicious taste, rich nutrition and the like, many countries and regions have artificial breeding at present.

In the Guangdong area of China, Japanese sea bass fry is introduced in 1983, and is successfully bred in 1985, and the fry is introduced to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong and other places for cultivation, so that good economic benefits are obtained. The micropterus salmoides cultivation can be divided into three modes of whole-course icy fresh feeding, whole-course compound feed feeding and mixed feeding according to different feed sources. The traditional culture mainly comprises feeding small sea fishes with low freezing value, the coefficient of the feed for culturing the frozen fishes in the whole process is generally about 4.0, and the influence on the water body is large; the whole process is fed with compound feed, and the feed coefficient is generally between 1.0 and 1.3; the mixed feeding mode is that the feed accounts for 20-30% of the feed for one meal of fish.

At present, although the application of the micropterus salmoides compound feed can solve the problems of water body pollution and the like, the micropterus salmoides as freshwater fish mainly taking meat as main food has the problems of insufficient fat factor resistance of liver, fat metabolism disorder, low tolerance capacity to saccharides and low utilization rate of starch. After the compound feed for the micropterus salmoides is fed to the specification of 0.3-0.4 jin/tail, the phenomena of difficult feeding, anorexia and slow growth can occur, and the compound feed is accompanied with the appearance of fatty liver and hepatobiliary syndrome: such as hepatomegaly, liver whitening, liver flowering, whitening, yellowing, necrosis, enlarged gall bladder, black or pale bile, etc., which results in the weakened disease resistance of micropterus salmoides. In addition, the immunity of the fish body is reduced, the metabolism is disordered, the feed intake is reduced, pathogenic viruses such as nocardiosis and iridescence are easily infected, the death rate is increased, and huge economic loss is caused to farmers.

Therefore, attempts have been made to reduce the liver metabolism effect on micropterus salmoides by reducing the starch content in the feed. However, the lower the starch content in the feed formula is, the better the starch content is, when the starch content is lower than 12%, the quality of the feed is greatly influenced, the problems of crumbling, much powder, low floating rate and the like are easy to occur, the intake desire of the micropterus salmoides on the feed submerged in water is not strong, and the feed with low starch content has adverse effect on the growth of the micropterus salmoides.

Therefore, the development of a feed formula which has no influence on liver metabolism of the micropterus salmoides and can promote the growth of the micropterus salmoides is a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a micropterus salmoides compound feed and a preparation method thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the compound feed for micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40-60 parts of fish meal;

10-30 parts of mixed protein;

10-15 parts of mixed starch;

5-10 parts of mixed grease;

0.9-1.1 parts of monocalcium phosphate;

1.8-2.2 parts of bile acid feed additive;

the mixed protein consists of feed nutritional factors and cottonseed protein and is mixed according to the weight ratio of (1-3) to (1-2); the mixed starch consists of cassava starch and wheat starch, and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1 (1-2); the mixed grease consists of fish oil and soybean oil and is mixed according to the weight ratio of (4-6) to 1.

Preferably, the compound feed for micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

51 parts of fish meal;

25 parts of mixed protein;

14 parts of mixed starch;

7 parts of mixed grease;

1 part of monocalcium phosphate;

2 parts of a bile acid feed additive;

the mixed protein consists of feed nutritional factors and cottonseed protein and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 3: 2; the mixed starch consists of cassava starch and wheat starch and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.8; the mixed grease consists of fish oil and soybean oil and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 6: 1.

Preferably, the feed nutritional factor is prepared by the following method:

adding water into soybean meal powder and rice bran protein powder to prepare a mixed solution, adding yeast dry powder preparation solution into the mixed solution to obtain the feed nutritional factor, and drying the feed nutritional factor until the water content is 6-8%.

The mixed solution is prepared by adding 50ml of water and 0.5g of rice bran protein powder into 1g of soybean meal powder.

The addition amount of the yeast dry powder preparation liquid is 5% of the volume of the mixed liquid.

The yeast dry powder preparation solution is prepared by adding 100ml of water into 1g of yeast dry powder; the yeast dry powder is prepared by mixing feed yeast powder and yeast extract according to the proportion of 5: 3.

Preferably, the rice bran protein powder is prepared by the following method:

removing impurities from rice bran, grinding, sieving to obtain rice bran coarse powder, adding 20-30 times of warm water of 20 ℃ by mass of the rice bran coarse powder, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-30min at the ultrasonic power of 100-500W, adding alkali liquor, adjusting the pH value to 8-9, carrying out centrifugal treatment for 10min to obtain a protein extracting solution, adjusting the pH value of the protein extracting solution to 4-5, and concentrating by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the rice bran protein powder.

Preferably, the preparation method of the micropterus salmoides compound feed comprises the following specific steps:

1) firstly, weighing feed nutritional factors and cassava starch according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and carrying out superfine grinding treatment to 500 meshes to obtain a first mixture;

2) then weighing fish meal, cottonseed protein, wheat starch, monocalcium phosphate and a bile acid feed additive according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and crushing to 100 meshes to obtain a second mixture;

3) then uniformly mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, feeding the mixture into an extrusion and expansion granulator for granulation, and drying the obtained granulated feed at the temperature of 80-90 ℃;

4) and (3) cooling the pellet feed to 30-40 ℃, then carrying out vacuum spraying on the mixed oil in parts by weight of the raw materials, and cooling to obtain a finished product.

Preferably, the temperature for the micronization treatment is 10 ℃.

Preferably, the extrusion puffing and granulating process is carried out at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the humidity of 50-60%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:

first, the source and quality of protein in the feed is of great importance to the growth of micropterus salmoides. The feed nutritional factor provided by the invention is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of micropterus salmoides, and is matched with cottonseed protein as a plant substitute protein source, so that the nutritional requirement is well met, and the rapid growth of micropterus salmoides is effectively promoted.

Secondly, starch and protein may have some effect on the cohesion of the feed. The feed nutritional factors and cassava starch are subjected to superfine grinding treatment to specific particle sizes, and the feed prepared by the feed nutritional factors and the cassava starch in a specific ratio is not easy to generate powder crushing and bottom sinking, so that the food intake of the micropterus salmoides is ensured to a certain extent.

The micropterus salmoides compound feed prepared by the invention has moderate starch content, does not influence liver metabolism of micropterus salmoides, and can effectively promote the rapid growth of micropterus salmoides.

Detailed Description

In order to better illustrate the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention, the following will further describe a compound feed for micropterus salmoides and a preparation method thereof, which are provided by the present invention, with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the sources of raw materials, process parameters and the like which are not described in detail in the present invention are considered to be obtained according to the conventional techniques in the art.