阅读说明：本技术 一种高效不等分多刃扩铰刀 (Efficient unequal multi-blade reamer ) 是由 王明坤 于 2019-12-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高效不等分多刃扩铰刀,属于铰刀技术领域。本发明的多刃扩铰刀,包括刀柄和切削部,切削部具有多条周向分布的螺旋形切削刃,在切削部的横截面上,相邻两条切削刃之间的齿距夹角最大值与最小值之差为6°～9°；每条切削刃的齿宽大小与该切削刃旋转切削方向后侧的齿距夹角大小具有对应的变化规律。本发明采用多刃不等分结合多刃不等齿设计,不仅提高了所加工孔的表面粗糙度和圆柱度,而且能够提高铰孔加工余量和切削效率,满足了深孔及孔的断续高效精加工需要；此外,该多刃扩铰刀的前端采用分层结构,扩大了加工余量,增强了扩铰刀的加工可靠性,并且能够使得切屑形成碎小屑,便于孔内切屑的清洗,尤其适用于多通道的断续孔加工。(The invention discloses a high-efficiency unequal multi-blade reamer, and belongs to the technical field of reamers. The multi-edge reamer comprises a reamer handle and a cutting part, wherein the cutting part is provided with a plurality of spiral cutting edges which are distributed circumferentially, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of a pitch included angle between every two adjacent cutting edges on the cross section of the cutting part is 6-9 degrees; the tooth width of each cutting edge and the tooth pitch included angle of the rear side of the cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction have corresponding change rules. The invention adopts the design of combining the multiple unequal-blade and multiple unequal-blade teeth, not only improves the surface roughness and the cylindricity of the processed hole, but also can improve the reaming allowance and the cutting efficiency, and meets the requirements of intermittent and efficient finish machining of deep holes and holes; in addition, the front end of the multi-blade reamer adopts a layered structure, so that the machining allowance is enlarged, the machining reliability of the reamer is enhanced, chips can form small broken chips, the chips in a hole can be conveniently cleaned, and the multi-blade reamer is particularly suitable for multi-channel intermittent hole machining.)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient unequal multiple-edge reamer, includes handle of a knife (1) and locates anterior cutting portion (2) of handle of a knife (1), cutting portion (2) have spiral cutting edge (2-1) that many circumference distribute, have helicla flute (2-2) between two adjacent cutting edge (2-1), cutting edge (2-1) of this multiple-edge reamer have unequal structure, its characterized in that on the circumferencial direction: on the cross section of the cutting part (2), the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the pitch included angle between two adjacent cutting edges (2-1) is 6-9 degrees; the cutting edges (2-1) of the multi-edge reamer are provided with unequal tooth structures, the tooth width of each cutting edge (2-1) and the tooth pitch included angle on the rear side of the cutting edge (2-1) in the rotating cutting direction have corresponding change rules, and the tooth width of each cutting edge (2-1) is larger when the tooth pitch included angle on the rear side of the cutting edge (2-1) in the rotating cutting direction is larger.

2. The efficient unequal multi-bladed reamer of claim 1 wherein: at least one pair of the tooth pitch included angle values between two adjacent cutting edges (2-1) is decimal.

3. The efficient unequal multi-bladed reamer of claim 1 wherein: the front end of the cutting part (2) is provided with a layered structure, the layered structure is that the front end of the cutting part (2) is provided with a front cutting section (2-3) with the diameter D1 smaller than the diameter D2 of the main body part of the cutting part (2), and a layered back angle (2-4) is formed between the front cutting section (2-3) and the main body part of the cutting part (2).

4. A high efficiency unequal multi-bladed reamer according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 wherein: the center of the cutter handle (1) and the center of the cutting part (2) are provided with cooling liquid channels (3), and each spiral groove (2-2) is provided with a liquid spraying opening communicated with the cooling liquid channels (3).

5. The efficient unequal multi-bladed reamer of claim 4 wherein: the cutting part (2) is provided with eight spiral cutting edges (2-1) which are distributed circumferentially.

6. The efficient unequal multi-bladed reamer of claim 5 wherein: the main body part L2 of the cutting part (2) is provided with a back taper with a big front and a small back, and the back side of the main body part of the cutting part (2) is provided with a tool retracting bevel (2-6).

7. The efficient unequal multi-bladed reamer of claim 6 wherein: the back taper of the main body part L2 of the cutting part (2) is 50/(0.01-0.02) mm; the angle of the tool retracting inclined plane (2-6) at the rear side of the main body part of the cutting part (2) is 3-5 degrees.

8. The efficient unequal multi-bladed reamer of claim 6 wherein: each cutting edge (2-1) is provided with a clearance angle (2-1a), a secondary clearance angle (2-1b) and a tertiary clearance angle (2-1c), and the end part of each cutting edge (2-1) is also provided with a front chamfer angle (2-1 d).

9. The efficient unequal multi-bladed reamer of claim 8 wherein: in the eight cutting edges (2-1), pitch included angles between two adjacent cutting edges (2-1) are respectively 42 degrees, 44.5 degrees, 47 degrees, 48 degrees, 46 degrees, 44 degrees, 45.5 degrees and 43 degrees; the tooth widths of the cutting edges (2-1) corresponding to the tooth pitch included angle at the rear side of the rotary cutting direction of each cutting edge (2-1) are respectively 1.47mm, 1.78mm, 2.04mm, 2.15mm, 1.9mm, 1.67mm, 1.81mm and 1.58 mm.

10. The efficient unequal multi-bladed reamer of claim 9 wherein: the multi-blade reamer is of a left-handed and right-handed cutting structure.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a machining tool, in particular to a high-efficiency unequal multi-blade reamer.

Background

In the machining process, various kinds of hole machining are frequently encountered, and the hole machining is also an uncommon machining means. According to different processing methods, hole processing generally comprises drilling, reaming, spot facing, reaming and the like, tools used in different processing methods have different characteristics, and reaming is a method for removing a trace metal layer from the wall of a workpiece hole by using a reamer so as to improve the dimensional accuracy and the surface quality of the hole. Reaming is one of the finishing methods for holes and is widely used in production. The reamer is a main tool for reaming, most of the reamer structure consists of a working part and a handle part, the working part mainly has cutting and calibrating functions, and the reamer can be divided into a straight groove and a spiral groove according to the shape of a tooth socket. The tooth number of the reamer influences the reaming precision, the surface roughness, the chip containing space and the cutter tooth strength, the value of the tooth number is generally determined according to the diameter of the reamer and the material of a workpiece, and when the diameter of the reamer is larger, more tooth numbers can be selected; when processing the ductile material, the number of teeth should be less; when processing brittle materials, the number of teeth can be more. For the convenience of measuring the diameter of the reamer, the number of teeth should be even, and in the range of 8-40 mm of common diameter, 4-8 of the number of teeth are generally taken. The reamer teeth can be distributed along the circumference with equal tooth pitch or with unequal tooth pitch.

With the development of science and technology, the precision requirement of machining is higher and higher, and the precision of processing the hole is more strict. Taking the processing of the main hole of the hydraulic valve as an example, the roughness requirement Ra of the hole is less than or equal to 1.6, the cylindricity requirement of the hole is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and a plurality of oil channel holes are also arranged in the main hole of the hydraulic valve, the oil channel holes are communicated with the main hole of the hydraulic valve to form an intermittent processing difficulty, the existing reamer is difficult to meet the precision requirement of the hole processing, and the processing method is mainly embodied in the following aspects:

1) in the reaming tool machining process, the precision of the reamed hole is low due to factors such as tool vibration and interrupted machining, and the roughness and cylindricity are poor; although the existing reamer adopts the design of unequal tooth pitch, the machining vibration of the cutter can be effectively reduced, such as patent numbers ZL201220619191.6 and 201910176977.1, the machining vibration suppression of the cutter still cannot meet the requirement of high-precision and high-efficiency reaming precision, and particularly for deep hole (8-15 times of diameter) machining, the cylindricity of the hole is more difficult to guarantee;

2) in order to reduce the vibration of the cutter, a lower machining speed is usually selected, but the machining efficiency of the cutter is lower, and efficient reaming is difficult to realize;

3) the cutting chips of the reamer are large, so that the machined surface is easy to be damaged, more importantly, other through channels are easy to be blocked, and the reamer is difficult to clean, so that the product is scrapped.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior reamer and provides a high-efficiency unequal multi-blade reamer, and by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, on the cross section of the cutting part, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the pitch included angle between two adjacent cutting edges is 6-9 degrees, the tooth width of each cutting edge and the tooth pitch included angle on the rear side of the cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction have corresponding change rules, the tooth width of each cutting edge is larger when the tooth pitch included angle on the rear side of the cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction is larger, the multi-edge unequal combination multi-edge unequal tooth design is adopted, the vibration of the cutter for expanding and reaming processing is greatly reduced, the surface roughness and the cylindricity of a processed hole are improved, the reaming allowance and the cutting efficiency can be improved, the reaming efficiency is greatly improved, and the requirements of intermittent and efficient finish machining of deep holes and holes are particularly met; in addition, the front end of the multi-edge reamer adopts a layered structure, so that the machining allowance is enlarged, the machining reliability of the reamer is enhanced, chips can form small broken chips, the chips in a hole can be conveniently cleaned, the multi-edge reamer is particularly suitable for multi-channel intermittent hole machining, and the problem that the chips are remained to block the hole channel is effectively solved.

2. Technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

the invention relates to a high-efficiency unequal multi-edge reamer, which comprises a cutter handle and a cutting part arranged at the front part of the cutter handle, wherein the cutting part is provided with a plurality of spiral cutting edges distributed circumferentially, a spiral groove is formed between every two adjacent cutting edges, the cutting edges of the multi-edge reamer have unequal structures in the circumferential direction, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the pitch included angle between every two adjacent cutting edges is 6-9 degrees on the cross section of the cutting part; the cutting edge of the multi-edge reamer has unequal tooth structures, the tooth width of each cutting edge and the tooth pitch included angle of the rear side of the cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction have corresponding change rules, and the tooth width of each cutting edge is larger when the tooth pitch included angle of the rear side of the cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction is larger.

Furthermore, at least one pair of the pitch angle values between two adjacent cutting edges is decimal.

Furthermore, the front end of the cutting part is provided with a layered structure, the layered structure is that a front cutting section with the diameter D1 smaller than the diameter D2 of the main body part of the cutting part is arranged at the front end of the cutting part, and a layered clearance angle is formed between the front cutting section and the main body part of the cutting part.

Furthermore, the centers of the tool holder and the cutting part are provided with cooling liquid channels, and each spiral groove is provided with a liquid spraying port communicated with the cooling liquid channels.

Furthermore, the cutting part is provided with eight spiral cutting edges distributed circumferentially.

Further, the main body portion L2 of the cutting portion has a reverse taper with a large front and a small rear, and the rear side of the main body portion of the cutting portion has a relief slope.

Furthermore, the back taper of the main body part L2 of the cutting part is 50/(0.01-0.02) mm; the angle of the tool retracting inclined plane at the rear side of the cutting part main body part is 3-5 degrees.

Further, each cutting edge has a clearance angle, a secondary clearance angle and a tertiary clearance angle, and the end of each cutting edge is also provided with a front chamfer.

Furthermore, in eight of the cutting edges, the included pitch angles between two adjacent cutting edges are respectively 42 °, 44.5 °, 47 °, 48 °, 46 °, 44 °, 45.5 ° and 43 °; the tooth widths of the cutting edges corresponding to the tooth pitch included angle of the rear side of each cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction are respectively 1.47mm, 1.78mm, 2.04mm, 2.15mm, 1.9mm, 1.67mm, 1.81mm and 1.58 mm.

Furthermore, the multi-edge reamer is of a left-handed right-handed cutting structure.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:

(1) the invention relates to a high-efficiency unequal multi-blade reamer, which is characterized in that on the cross section of a cutting part, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of a pitch included angle between two adjacent cutting edges is 6-9 degrees, the tooth width of each cutting edge and the tooth pitch included angle on the rear side of the cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction have corresponding change rules, the tooth width of each cutting edge is larger as the tooth pitch included angle on the rear side of the cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction is larger, the multi-edge unequal combination multi-edge unequal tooth design is adopted, the shock resistance of the multi-edge reamer is further enhanced, the vibration of a cutter for reaming is greatly reduced, the surface roughness and the cylindricity of a processed hole are improved, the reaming allowance and the cutting efficiency can be improved, the reaming efficiency is greatly improved, and the requirements of intermittent and efficient finish machining of deep holes and holes are particularly met;

(2) according to the efficient unequal multi-blade reamer, at least one pair of tooth pitch included angle numerical values between two adjacent cutting edges is decimal, and due to the unequal design, the cutting vibration frequency of each cutting edge is different, resonance in the cutting process of each cutting edge is further reduced, the reaming precision is guaranteed, machining can be carried out at a higher cutting speed, and the reaming efficiency is improved;

(3) the invention relates to a high-efficiency unequal multi-blade reamer, wherein the front end of a cutting part is provided with a layered structure, the layered structure is characterized in that the front end of the cutting part is provided with a front cutting section with the diameter D1 smaller than the diameter D2 of a main part of the cutting part, and a layered rear angle is formed between the front cutting section and the main part of the cutting part;

(4) according to the efficient unequal multi-blade reamer, the centers of the cutter handle and the cutting part are provided with the cooling liquid channels, and each spiral groove is provided with the liquid spraying port communicated with the cooling liquid channel, so that the strength of the cutter and the uniformity of cooling liquid spraying are ensured, the heat dissipation effect of the reamer is improved, and the service life of the reamer is further prolonged;

(5) according to the efficient unequal multi-blade reamer, the cutting part is provided with the eight spiral cutting edges which are circumferentially distributed, and the eight-edge design is adopted, so that the hole machining precision is higher, the machining stability is good, and the cutting speed is high;

(6) according to the efficient unequal multi-blade reamer, the main body part L2 of the cutting part is provided with the inverted cone with the front part being large and the back part being small, the inverted cone is 50/(0.01-0.02) mm, the inverted cone design has a very good cutting and guiding effect, and the straightness of reaming and reaming is guaranteed; the rear side of the main body part of the cutting part is provided with a tool retracting inclined plane, the angle of the tool retracting inclined plane is 3-5 degrees, the tool retracting is facilitated, and the surface quality of a machined hole is prevented from being damaged;

(7) according to the efficient unequal multi-blade reamer, each cutting edge is provided with a back angle, a secondary back angle and a tertiary back angle, the end part of each cutting edge is also provided with a front chamfer, a three-level back angle design is adopted, a chip containing space is increased, chip removal in machining is smoother, the left-handed and right-handed cutting design of the multi-blade reamer is matched, a chip removal mode is that chip removal is carried out downwards, the chip removal is smooth and stable, and the machining precision and the machining efficiency of the multi-blade reamer are improved;

(8) the invention relates to a high-efficiency unequal multi-edge reamer, wherein in eight cutting edges, tooth pitch included angles between two adjacent cutting edges are respectively 42 degrees, 44.5 degrees, 47 degrees, 48 degrees, 46 degrees, 44 degrees, 45.5 degrees and 43 degrees; the tooth widths of the cutting edges corresponding to the tooth pitch included angles on the rear side of each cutting edge in the rotating cutting direction are respectively 1.47mm, 1.78mm, 2.04mm, 2.15mm, 1.9mm, 1.67mm, 1.81mm and 1.58mm, and the unequal and unequal tooth designs of the eight-edge reamer are adopted, so that the dynamic balance of the reamer is better, the chip processing is more stable and reliable, and the processing efficiency is further improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a high-efficiency unequal multi-blade reamer of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of the enlarged structure at K in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an elevational structure of a high-efficiency unequal multi-bladed reamer of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the unequal design of the cutting edge of the high-efficiency unequal multi-edge reamer of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the unequal teeth design of the cutting edge of the efficient unequal multi-edge reamer of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:

1. a knife handle; 2. a cutting portion; 2-1, a cutting edge; 2-1a, a relief angle; 2-1b, second relief angle; 2-1c, relief angle; 2-1d, chamfering the front; 2-2, spiral groove; 2-3, a front cutting section; 2-4, layering the relief angle; 2-5, a clearance section; 2-6, retracting the inclined plane; 3. a coolant channel.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the efficient unequal multi-edge reamer of the invention comprises a shank 1 and a cutting part 2 arranged at the front part of the shank 1, wherein the cutting part 2 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed spiral cutting edges 2-1, the number of the cutting edges 2-1 can be determined according to the diameter of the reamer and the material of a workpiece to be processed, an even number of the cutting edges 2-1 are preferably adopted, such as 4 edges, 6 edges, 8 edges and the like, a spiral groove 2-2 is arranged between two adjacent cutting edges 2-1, the cutting edge 2-1 of the multi-edge reamer has an unequal structure in the circumferential direction, which is embodied on the cross section of the cutting part 2, the cutting edge 2-1 is not evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the pitch included angle between two adjacent cutting edges 2-1 is 6-9 degrees, and the pitch included angles are preferably different; the cutting edge 2-1 of the multi-edge reamer simultaneously has unequal tooth structures, which is specifically embodied in that the tooth widths of the cutting edges 2-1 are different, the tooth width of each cutting edge 2-1 and the tooth pitch included angle of the rear side of the cutting edge 2-1 in the rotating cutting direction have corresponding change rules, namely the tooth width of each cutting edge 2-1 is larger when the tooth pitch included angle of the rear side of the cutting edge 2-1 in the rotating cutting direction is larger, and preferably the tooth widths of the cutting edges 2-1 are different. By adopting the design of combining the multi-blade unequal division with the multi-blade unequal teeth, when the cutting edges 2-1 are subjected to reaming processing, each cutting edge 2-1 has different vibration frequencies, the generation of tool resonance in the cutting processing is effectively avoided, the shock resistance of the multi-blade reaming reamer is further enhanced, the tool vibration in the reaming processing is greatly reduced, the surface roughness and the cylindricity of a processed hole are improved, the reaming processing allowance and the cutting efficiency can be improved, the processing efficiency of the reaming hole is greatly improved, and the requirements of intermittent efficient finish processing of a deep hole and a hole are particularly met.

For the unequal design of the multi-blade reamer, preferably, at least one pair of tooth pitch included angles between two adjacent cutting edges 2-1 is decimal, and if at least one pair of tooth pitch included angles is a half-degree angle, experiments show that by adopting the unequal design, resonance in the cutting process of each cutting edge 2-1 can be further reduced, the reaming precision is ensured, the reamer can be machined at a higher cutting speed, and the reaming efficiency is improved.

In addition, the multi-edge reamer can also adopt a layered structure design, namely the front end of the cutting part 2 is provided with a layered structure, the layered structure is that the front end of the cutting part 2 is provided with a front cutting section 2-3 with the diameter D1 smaller than the diameter D2 of the main body part of the cutting part 2, and a layered back angle 2-4 is formed between the front cutting section 2-3 and the main body part of the cutting part 2. The length L1 of the front cutting section 2-3 can be set to about 5mm, preferably 5mm to 5.5 mm. By adopting the layered structure, the processing reliability of the reamer can be enhanced, the processing allowance is enlarged, the service life of the reamer is prolonged, chips can be broken to form small broken chips, the chips in the holes can be cleaned conveniently, the layered structure is particularly suitable for multi-channel intermittent hole processing, and the problem that the chips are remained to block the hole channels is effectively solved.

In order to prolong the service life of the reamer, the centers of the cutter handle 1 and the cutting part 2 are provided with cooling liquid channels 3, each spiral groove 2-2 is provided with a liquid spraying port communicated with the cooling liquid channels 3, and each liquid spraying port can be distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the reamer in the corresponding spiral groove 2-2, so that the strength of a cutter and the spraying uniformity of cooling liquid are ensured, the heat dissipation effect of the reamer is improved, the service life of the reamer is further prolonged, and the high-efficiency processing requirement of the reamer is met. In addition, the main body part L2 of the cutting part 2 is provided with an inverted cone with a big front part and a small back part, and the inverted cone design has a very good cutting guide effect, so that the straightness of reaming and reaming is ensured; the rear side of the main body part of the cutting part 2 is provided with a tool withdrawal inclined plane 2-6, so that the tool is convenient to withdraw, and the surface quality of a machined hole is prevented from being damaged. And a clearance avoiding section 2-5 is arranged between the cutting part 2 and the cutter handle 1, and the diameter of the clearance avoiding section 2-5 is smaller than that of the main body part of the cutting part 2, so that the resistance of reaming is reduced.

According to the efficient unequal multi-blade reamer, a lower chip discharging mode is preferably adopted, a left-handed and right-handed cutting structure is usually adopted, chip discharging is smooth and stable, and the machining precision and the machining efficiency of the multi-blade reamer are improved.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.