阅读说明：本技术 一种烷基糖苷聚氧丙烯醚的制备方法 (Preparation method of alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether ) 是由 孙永强 李浩楠 周婧洁 张勇 孙晋源 梁慧斌 丁莉荣 马艳君 于 2019-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种烷基糖苷聚氧丙烯醚的制备方法,以烷基链为C8-C10的烷基糖苷(APG0810)和环氧丙烷(PO)为原料,对其糖基骨架上的多羟基引入PO进行改性；具体包括：先将催化剂和纯APG0810一起熔融,然后全部置于高压反应釜中,用高纯氮气置换3次,将高压反应釜加热,控制转速,以免聚合反应过于剧烈导致温度过高；通过控制压力,观察通入少量PO的诱导反应,控制温度不变,向反应釜中继续通入对应量的PO；加料完毕,继续维持反应温度,待压力不再下降,冷却取出产品。所得烷基糖苷聚氧丙烯醚不仅保留了烷基糖苷的优异性能,而且具有明显的低泡特性,在节水方面更具优势,满足去污快、易漂洗和环保要求。(The invention discloses a preparation method of alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether, which takes alkyl glycoside (APG 0810) with alkyl chain of C8-C10 and Propylene Oxide (PO) as raw materials to introduce PO into polyhydroxy on glycosyl skeleton for modification; the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, melting a catalyst and pure APG0810 together, then completely placing the catalyst and the pure APG0810 into a high-pressure reaction kettle, replacing the catalyst and the pure APG0810 with high-purity nitrogen for 3 times, heating the high-pressure reaction kettle, and controlling the rotating speed so as to avoid overhigh temperature caused by over-severe polymerization reaction; observing the induced reaction of introducing a small amount of PO by controlling the pressure, controlling the temperature to be unchanged, and continuously introducing a corresponding amount of PO into the reaction kettle; after the feeding is finished, the reaction temperature is continuously maintained, and when the pressure is not reduced any more, the product is cooled and taken out. The obtained alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether not only retains the excellent performance of alkyl glycoside, but also has obvious low-foam characteristic, has more advantages in the aspect of water saving, and meets the requirements of quick decontamination, easy rinsing and environmental protection.)

1. A preparation method of alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that alkyl glycoside and propylene oxide are used as raw materials, and propylene oxide is introduced into polyhydroxy on a glycosyl skeleton of the alkyl glycoside for modification, wherein the structural formula of the alkyl glycoside is as follows:

the structural formula of the alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether synthesized by the preparation method is as follows:

2. the method for producing an alkylglycoside polyoxypropylene ether according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

firstly, melting a catalyst and pure APG0810 together, then completely placing the catalyst and the pure APG0810 into a high-pressure reaction kettle, replacing the catalyst and the pure APG0810 with high-purity nitrogen for 3 times, heating the high-pressure reaction kettle to 180 ℃, and controlling the rotating speed of the reaction kettle at 700r/min so as to prevent overhigh reaction temperature caused by over-severe polymerization reaction; observing the induced reaction of introducing a small amount of PO by controlling the reaction pressure to be 0.3-0.4MPa, controlling the reaction temperature to be unchanged, and continuously introducing a corresponding amount of PO into the reaction kettle; after the feeding is finished, the reaction temperature is continuously maintained, and after the pressure in the kettle is not reduced and changed any more, the product is cooled and taken out; by adding different amounts of PO, different samples were obtained.

3. The process for producing an alkylglycoside polyoxypropylene ether according to claim 2, wherein: the average addition number of propylene oxide in the alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether is 2-6, and 4 hydroxyl groups on an APG glycosyl skeleton are added with PO.

4. The process for producing an alkylglycoside polyoxypropylene ether according to claim 2, wherein: the catalyst is potassium hydroxide.

5. The process for producing an alkylglycoside polyoxypropylene ether according to claim 2, wherein: the reaction temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the reaction time is 20-40 min.

6. The process for producing an alkylglycoside polyoxypropylene ether according to claim 2, wherein: the dosage of the catalyst is 1-2% of the mass of the alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether.

7. The process for producing an alkylglycoside polyoxypropylene ether according to claim 2, wherein: APG0810 is melted at 110 ℃ -120 ℃.

8. An alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: critical surface tension gamma of alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether_cmc29.78-31.45 mN/m, and the critical micelle concentration CMC is 0.593-0.852 g/L.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether, which can be used as an excellent low-foam surfactant and belongs to the technical field of surfactants.

Background

In industries such as large-scale cleaning, printing and dyeing, foam not only affects decontamination, but also is difficult to rinse, is easy to remain, even overflows a cleaning device, causes waste, and foam can carry away a surfactant from a cleaning solution phase, so that the concentration of the surfactant is reduced, the detergency is reduced, and therefore a defoaming agent or a low-foam cleaning product is needed. The surfactant is a main factor for generating foam in the cleaning agent, and the surfactant which does not generate foam or is unstable in foam under the actual condition and can disappear quickly, namely the low-foam surfactant, has wide application.

The alkyl glycoside (APG) is a 'green' functional surfactant which is internationally acknowledged at present, has low surface tension, no cloud point, adjustable HLB value, strong wetting power, strong detergency, strong compatibility, no toxicity, no harm, no stimulation to skin, rapid and thorough biodegradation, obvious synergistic effect and rich, fine and stable foam, and can be compounded with any type of surfactant.

Meanwhile, researches show that the APG with long carbon chains has the phenomena of unsatisfactory water solubility and hard water resistance and the like, and the foam is too rich, so that propylene oxide can be introduced into polyhydroxy on an alkyl glycoside glycosyl skeleton for modification to obtain the low-foam surfactant.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether, wherein Propylene Oxide (PO) is introduced into polyhydroxy on an APG0810 glycosyl skeleton for modification, so that the obtained alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether not only retains the excellent performance of alkyl glycoside, but also has obvious low-foam characteristic, has more advantages in the aspect of water saving, and can meet the requirements of fast decontamination, easy rinsing, environmental protection and the like.

The invention provides a preparation method of alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether, which takes alkyl glycoside (APG 0810) as a raw material, and the structural formula of the alkyl glycoside is as follows:

the reaction synthetic route related by the invention is shown as the following formula:

the preparation method of the alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

firstly, melting a catalyst and pure APG0810 together, then completely placing the catalyst and the pure APG0810 into a high-pressure reaction kettle, replacing the catalyst and the pure APG0810 with high-purity nitrogen for 3 times, heating the high-pressure reaction kettle to 180 ℃, and controlling the rotating speed of the reaction kettle at 700r/min so as to prevent overhigh reaction temperature caused by over-severe polymerization reaction; observing the induced reaction of introducing a small amount of PO by controlling the reaction pressure to be 0.3-0.4MPa, controlling the reaction temperature to be unchanged, and continuously introducing the PO amount under the corresponding addition amount into the reaction kettle; after the feeding is finished, the reaction temperature is continuously maintained, and after the pressure in the kettle is not reduced any more, the product is cooled and taken out. By adding different amounts of PO, different samples were obtained.

In the reaction, the average addition number of propylene oxide in the alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether is 2-6, and 4 hydroxyl groups on an APG glycosyl skeleton are added with PO.

The catalyst in the above reaction is potassium hydroxide.

The reaction is heated to the reaction temperature of 160 ℃ and 180 ℃ and the reaction time is 20-40 min.

The dosage of the catalyst in the reaction is 1-2% of the mass of the alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether.

In the reaction, APG0810 can be melted at 110-120 ℃ in advance, which is beneficial to the convenient reaction.

The invention mainly prepares a novel surfactant alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether, and the molecule comprises a hydrophilic group consisting of a plurality of glycoside units and a lipophilic group consisting of a plurality of polyoxypropylene groups, so the novel surfactant alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether has certain surface activity.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the raw materials adopted by the invention are prepared from natural raw materials, are green and environment-friendly, and have excellent biodegradability.

(2) The novel surfactant alkyl glycoside polyoxypropylene ether prepared by the invention has the advantages of low foaming property, easy flushing and the like, and is beneficial to saving water and energy.

(3) The invention has simple and mature process, is convenient for industrial production and can be used for industrial cleaning.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the equilibrium surface tension of each of the samples of examples 1 to 5.

FIG. 2 shows the IR spectra of APG0810 and APGPE-4.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.