阅读说明：本技术 一种针对农作物全蚀病的微生物菌剂及其制备方法 (Microbial agent for crop take-all and preparation method thereof ) 是由 凌新萍 孙相龙 周平运 胡鉴 顾腾飞 于 2019-12-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种针对农作物全蚀病的微生物菌剂及其制备方法,属于生物制品技术领域,微生物菌剂,按重量份数计,所述微生物菌剂包括木霉菌15-20份,解淀芽孢杆菌15-20份,酵母菌15-20份,鱼蛋白2000-3000份,水25000-28000份；微生物菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,包括以下步骤,将木霉菌,解淀芽孢杆菌,酵母菌,鱼蛋白加入发酵罐,再加上述份数的水,搅拌均匀后在22-27℃下有氧发酵40-60小时,即得。本申请的菌种在有氧发酵过程中,产生了新的代谢物,哌啶酸、沙星和阿洛巴比妥,与其他代谢产物一起互作,能有效防治小麦全蚀病。(The invention provides a microbial agent for crop take-all disease and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of biological products, wherein the microbial agent comprises 15-20 parts by weight of trichoderma, 15-20 parts by weight of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 15-20 parts by weight of saccharomycetes, 3000 parts by weight of fish protein 2000-organic material and 28000 parts by weight of water 25000-organic material; the preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps of adding trichoderma, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and fish protein into a fermentation tank, adding the water in the parts, stirring uniformly, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at the temperature of 22-27 ℃ for 40-60 hours to obtain the microbial agent. In the aerobic fermentation process, the strain generates new metabolites, piperidine acid, saxatilin and alobarbital, and interacts with other metabolites, so that the wheat take-all disease can be effectively prevented and treated.)

1. A microbial agent for crop take-all disease, which is characterized in that: the microbial agent comprises 15-20 parts of trichoderma, 15-20 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 15-20 parts of saccharomycetes and 3000 parts of fish protein 2000-one by weight.

2. The microbial agent for crop take-all according to claim 1, wherein: the microbial agent comprises 17 parts of trichoderma, 18 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 18 parts of saccharomycetes and 2500 parts of fish protein in parts by weight.

3. The microbial agent for crop take-all according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and water 25000 and 28000 parts by weight.

4. The microbial agent for crop take-all according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 26500 parts of water by weight.

5. The microbial agent for crop take-all according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the spore content of trichoderma is not less than 1000 hundred million/g.

6. The microbial agent for crop take-all according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the spore content of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is not less than 1000 hundred million/gram.

7. The microbial agent for crop take-all according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the spore content of the yeast is not less than 50 hundred million/g.

8. The method for preparing microbial agent for crop take-all according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps of adding trichoderma, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and fish protein into a fermentation tank, adding the water in the parts, uniformly stirring, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at the temperature of 22-27 ℃ for 40-60 hours to obtain the trichoderma-bacillus amyloliquefaciens-containing fish protein.

9. The method for preparing microbial inoculum for crop take-all disease according to claim 8, wherein 26500 parts of water is aerobically fermented at 25 ℃ for 48 hours.

10. Use of the microbial agent for controlling the crop take-all disease according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in controlling the wheat take-all disease.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological products, in particular to a microbial agent for crop take-all and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Take-all disease, also known as damping off and black foot disease, is a root disease, which only infects 1-2 nodes of wheat root and stem base. The diseased plants in the seedling stage are short and small, yellow leaves are more at the lower part, the root and the underground stem of the seedling become grey black, and the seedling is withered when the seedling is serious. In addition, the corn full rot disease and the like.

The pathogens are Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis (Sacc.) Walke and Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx et Olivervar. tritici (Sacc.) Walker, belonging to Ascomycotina fungi and not producing asexual spores under natural conditions.

Wheat take-all is a soil inhabitation bacterium which is mainly used as a main infection source of wheat in the next crop, wherein hypha of the bacterium is left on disease residues in soil or over-wintering and over-summering of manure mixed with the disease residues and seeds mixed with the disease residues. Introduction of seeds mixed with diseased residues is the main cause of disease in disease-free areas. Dormant mycelia on diseased roots in a wheat harvesting area become a primary infection source below the next stubble. After the winter wheat seeds germinate, the summer germ mycelium can invade the roots of the seeds and overwinter in the blackened roots of the seeds. In the next spring, the wheat is turned green, the mycelium also accelerates the growth along with the temperature rise, the mycelium upwards extends to tillering nodes and stem bases, the nodes are pulled out to the heading stage, the mycelium can infect the 1 st to 2 nd nodes, and the plants are killed and decomposed due to stem bases and die successively. In a spring wheat area, overwintering hyphae on a diseased residual body after the seeds germinate infect young roots, and tillering nodes and stem bases are extended and infected on the diseased residual body, so that the plant is dead finally. White spikes appear on diseased plants in the grouting period, and the diseased plants are killed quickly when encountering dry hot air.

The wheat take-all pathogen is good, the development temperature limit is 3-35 ℃, the suitable temperature is 19-24 ℃, and the lethal temperature is 52-54 ℃ (warm) for 10 minutes. Soil properties and farming management conditions have a great influence on take-all. Generally, the soil is loose and low in fertility, and the alkaline soil is serious in disease. The moist soil is beneficial to the occurrence and the expansion of diseases, and the diseases are serious in the water-irrigated land and the dry land. The crop rotation is not the host crop rotation or the paddy-upland rotation, and the disease is less. The developed variety of root system has stronger disease resistance, and the disease can be reduced by applying decomposed organic fertilizer additionally. The winter wheat is too early to be seriously ill after being sowed.

The prevention and treatment of take-all disease comprises prohibiting the introduction of seeds from the disease area and preventing the spread of the disease; the rice and wheat rotation is carried out or the rotation with cotton, tobacco, vegetables and other economic crops is carried out, and soybean, rape, potato and the like can be bred; planting disease-resistant varieties; applying decomposed organic fertilizer, applying retted compost, and adopting a formula fertilization technology to increase the micro-one-state antagonism of the rhizosphere of the soil; preventing and treating diseases with the medicament. The prevention and treatment efficiency of the pesticide is high, but the pesticide resistance of crops is easy to generate by long-term application of the chemical pesticide, the environment is damaged, and the threat to the health of livestock and human beings is caused. Other prevention methods have low prevention and treatment effects and poor simulation.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects that the existing medicament control is easy to cause crop resistance to drugs, harms the environment, threatens the health of livestock and human beings, and other prevention methods have low control effect and poor simulation, the invention provides a microbial agent for crop take-all and a preparation method thereof.

The microbial agent for the crop take-all disease comprises, by weight, 15-20 parts of trichoderma, 15-20 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 15-20 parts of saccharomycetes and 3000 parts of fish protein 2000-.

In the technical scheme, trichoderma can generate micromolecular antibiotics and macromolecular antibacterial proteins or mural degrading enzymes to inhibit the growth, reproduction and infection of pathogenic bacteria in fermentation, chitinase can also be generated, β 21, 3 glucanase, cellulase and protease are used for decomposing cell walls of plant pathogenic fungi or secreting extracellular enzymes such as glucosidase to degrade antibiotic toxins generated by the pathogenic bacteria, and meanwhile, antibacterial protein or lyase is also secreted to inhibit the infection of the plant pathogenic fungi, bacillus amyloliquefaciens are botrytis and belong to facultative anaerobes, as probiotics, multiple α -amylases, proteases and multiple antibacterial substances can be generated, such as bacteriostatic proteins, ester antibiotics, macrolides, oligopeptidases, peptides and polyketide compounds to inhibit the pathogenic bacteria, the trichoderma is a fungus, belongs to the facultative anaerobe, contains abundant proteins, B vitamins, amino acids and other substances, fish protein is refined deep sea fish protein, contains a large amount of mucopolysaccharides and collagen, contains abundant nutritional ingredients, and provides a nutrient for the trichoderma in fermentation process and wheat to produce a metabolite.

Preferably, the paint also comprises water, and the water comprises 25000 and 28000 parts by weight.

More preferably, 26500 parts by weight of water.

Preferably, the spore content of Trichoderma is not less than 1000 hundred million/gram.

Preferably, the spore content of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is not less than 1000 hundred million/gram.

Preferably, the spore content of the yeast is not less than 50 hundred million/gram.

A process for preparing the microbial preparation for treating the take-all disease of crops includes such steps as adding Trichoderma, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, yeast and fish protein to fermenter, adding water, stirring, and aerobic fermenting at 22-27 deg.C for 40-60 hr.

Preferably, 7500 parts of water is aerobically fermented for 48 hours at 25 ℃.

An application of a microbial agent for controlling the take-all disease of wheat.

The amount of the microbial agent after fermentation is 50-200 ml/mu, and the microbial agent can be used for seed dressing and spraying.

In the technical scheme of the application, trichoderma, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and saccharomycetes are all commercially available.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) in the aerobic fermentation process, the strain generates new metabolites, namely piperidine acid, saxatilin and alobarbital, and interacts with other metabolites, so that the wheat take-all disease can be effectively prevented and treated;

(2) the cure rate of the microbial agent on wheat take-all is as high as 75-80%;

(3) the fish protein is refined deep sea fish, contains a large amount of mucopolysaccharide and rich collagen, contains rich nutrient components, provides nutrition for trichoderma, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and saccharomycetes in the fermentation process, can be directly sprayed, and is convenient to prepare and use;

(4) the method has the advantages of easy obtainment of all microorganisms, simple fermentation method, short period, wide application range and wide application range, and can be applied to the take-all diseases of various crops;

(5) the microbial agent is not a combination of simple microorganisms, but is fermented after combination, a fermentation product is used as the microbial agent, the fermentation product not only contains active strains of various microorganisms, but also contains metabolites of various strains and metabolites of various strains in a cooperation mode in the fermentation process, and the microbial agent can well prevent and treat crop take-all diseases, particularly wheat take-all diseases.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to specific embodiments.