阅读说明：本技术 一种铍棒的制备方法及铍棒 (Beryllium rod and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王东新 刘兆刚 王维一 谢垚 李军义 王亮 刘宁 王战宏 赵克俊 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种铍棒的制备方法,包括：步骤一、采用模压或者冷等静压方法,将平均粒度为2～100μm的铍粉末制备成圆柱形粉坯；步骤二、对所述圆柱形粉坯进行固结；步骤三、将固结后的圆柱形粉坯依次进行整形和装入钢包套后,在真空条件下加热到300～600℃,保温1～3小时后封焊钢包套抽气口；步骤四、将挤压机的挤压筒预热；并将封焊后的钢包套加热至800～1140℃,保温2～16小时后放入预热后的挤压筒内,以大于100mm/s的挤压速度、大于1100℃的挤压温度和挤压比为13～16进行挤压；步骤五、对挤压后的钢包套进行酸洗,去除钢包套,从而得到所需要的铍棒。本发明还公开了一种铍棒。本发明能够制备表观质量合格、杂质含量低、组织致密、性能优良的纯铍棒材,提高了材料的塑性。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a beryllium rod, which comprises the following steps: preparing beryllium powder with the average particle size of 2-100 mu m into a cylindrical powder blank by adopting a die pressing or cold isostatic pressing method; secondly, consolidating the cylindrical powder blank; step three, after the consolidated cylindrical powder blank is sequentially shaped and loaded into a steel sheath, heating to 300-600 ℃ under a vacuum condition, preserving heat for 1-3 hours, and sealing and welding an air exhaust opening of the steel sheath; preheating an extrusion cylinder of the extruder; heating the sealed and welded steel sheath to 800-1140 ℃, preserving heat for 2-16 hours, putting the steel sheath into a preheated extrusion cylinder, and extruding at an extrusion speed of more than 100mm/s, an extrusion temperature of more than 1100 ℃ and an extrusion ratio of 13-16; and step five, carrying out acid washing on the extruded steel sheath, and removing the steel sheath to obtain the required beryllium rod. The invention also discloses a beryllium bar. The method can prepare the pure beryllium bar with qualified apparent quality, low impurity content, compact structure and excellent performance, and improves the plasticity of the material.)

1. A preparation method of a beryllium rod is characterized by comprising the following steps:

preparing beryllium powder with the average particle size of 2-100 mu m into a cylindrical powder blank by adopting a die pressing or cold isostatic pressing method;

secondly, consolidating the cylindrical powder blank;

step three, after the consolidated cylindrical powder blank is sequentially shaped and loaded into a steel sheath, heating to 300-600 ℃ under a vacuum condition, preserving heat for 1-3 hours, and sealing and welding an air exhaust opening of the steel sheath;

preheating an extrusion cylinder of the extruder; heating the sealed and welded steel sheath to 800-1140 ℃, preserving heat for 2-16 hours, putting the steel sheath into a preheated extrusion cylinder, and extruding at an extrusion speed of more than 100mm/s, an extrusion temperature of more than 1100 ℃ and an extrusion ratio of 13-16;

and step five, carrying out acid washing on the extruded steel sheath, and removing the steel sheath to obtain the required beryllium rod.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the beryllium powder has a purity of not less than 99%; the average particle size of the beryllium powder is 10-50 mu m; the beryllium powder is flaky powder or spherical powder.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the third step, the steel sheath is made of stainless steel or Q235 steel.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vacuum value of the vacuum condition in step three is 10^-5-10^-2Pa。

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat-retaining time is 5 to 10 hours in the third step.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preheating temperature of the extrusion cylinder in the fourth step is 300 to 500 ℃.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the fifth step, the extrusion speed is 105 to 110 mm/s; the extrusion temperature is 1140-1180 ℃.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the fifth step, the acid for acid washing is dilute nitric acid or concentrated nitric acid configured according to a volume ratio of 1: 3-1: 5.

9. A beryllium rod prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material pressure processing, and relates to a beryllium rod and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The metal beryllium has the advantages of light weight, high rigidity, high elastic modulus, high specific heat capacity, good thermal conductivity, good thermal stability, good dimensional stability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of nuclear warheads, nuclear reactors, inertial navigation, optical systems, structural materials, thermodynamics, high-energy physics and other typical commercial applications.

At present, it is reported that there are two main methods for preparing pure beryllium rods: (1) the method has the advantages that the method has the defects of low yield, poor performance of beryllium rod preparation and high cost; (2) and preparing a beryllium ingot blank by adopting a cold isostatic pressing and hot isostatic pressing process, and processing by using linear cutting according to the size of the beryllium bar. But the isostatic pressing cost is high, the cutting processing time is long, the produced waste is more, the process period is long, and the production cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a beryllium rod, which aims to solve the technical problem that metal beryllium is difficult to plastically deform in the prior art.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a beryllium rod.

In order to achieve one of the purposes, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a beryllium rod comprises the following steps:

preparing beryllium powder with the average particle size of 2-100 mu m into a cylindrical powder blank by adopting a die pressing or cold isostatic pressing method;

secondly, consolidating the cylindrical powder blank;

step three, after the consolidated cylindrical powder blank is sequentially shaped and loaded into a steel sheath, heating the cylindrical powder blank to 300-600 ℃ under a vacuum condition, preserving heat for 1-3 hours, and sealing and welding an air exhaust opening of the steel sheath, so that the defects of oxidation, surface air hole generation and the like of the consolidated cylindrical powder blank in the heating and heat preserving process are avoided;

preheating an extrusion cylinder of the extruder; heating the sealed and welded steel sheath to 800-1140 ℃, preserving heat for 2-16 hours, then preheating, and extruding at an extrusion speed of more than 100mm/s, an extrusion temperature of more than 1100 ℃ and an extrusion ratio of 13-16;

and step five, carrying out acid washing on the extruded steel sheath, and removing the steel sheath to obtain the required beryllium rod.

Further, in the step one, the purity of the beryllium powder is more than or equal to 99 percent; the average particle size of the beryllium powder is 10-50 mu m; the beryllium powder is flaky powder or spherical powder.

Further, in the third step, the steel sheath is made of stainless steel or Q235 steel.

Further, in step three, the vacuum value of the vacuum condition is 10^-5-10^-2Pa。

Further, in the third step, the heat preservation time is 5-10 hours.

Further, in the fourth step, the preheating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 300-500 ℃.

Further, the extrusion speed is 105-110 mm/s; the extrusion temperature is 1140-1180 ℃;

further, in the fifth step, the acid for acid washing is dilute nitric acid or concentrated nitric acid configured according to a volume ratio of 1: 3-1: 5.

In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a beryllium bar is prepared by the preparation method.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the process is simple and feasible, and by implementing the extrusion process, the pure beryllium bar material with qualified apparent quality, low impurity content, compact matrix structure, good mechanical property, few internal defects and high yield is prepared, so that the plasticity of the material is improved, the technical problem of extrusion forming of the brittle metal beryllium material is solved, and the method has important significance for further expanding the application range of the metal beryllium.

2. The beryllium bar is prepared by adopting an extrusion process, so that the production period is short, the efficiency is high, the produced waste is less, and the production cost is low; and the blank is compact, has no casting defects such as holes, shrinkage porosity, large grains and the like, and is easy to plastically deform.

3. Tensile strength sigma of beryllium rod prepared by the invention_b450 to 700MPa, yield strength sigma_0.2300 to 480MPa and an elongation delta of 4 to 10 percent.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.