阅读说明：本技术 一种梯度功能减振降噪复合材料增减材复合制造方法 (Material adding and reducing composite manufacturing method for gradient function vibration and noise reduction composite material ) 是由 高华兵 江国瑞 姜风春 刘杨 果春焕 王振 肖明颖 董涛 李海新 杨振林 于 2021-06-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种梯度功能减振降噪复合材料增减材复合制造方法,首先对目标材料或者构件进行数模分层及路径规划,根据每层需求,按照所规划的打印路径直接将特定成分的金属粉体或丝材熔化沉积在基体材料上；然后按照预设计的空心球空间排列方式,在沉积层上进行减材加工,得到所需尺寸与深度且排列方式遵循预设排列规则的圆孔阵列,将预制金属空心球放入对应的减材加工的孔内,再根据成分设计需要,对已放入金属空心球的沉积层进行增材沉积成形覆盖空心球阵列；然后数控铣削得到平整的沉积层平面,重复进行增材沉积成形-圆孔阵列数控加工-空心球布放-增材沉积成形-数控铣削加工的制造过程,即可制造出梯度功能减振降噪复合材料。(The invention provides a composite material increasing and decreasing manufacturing method with a gradient function for vibration reduction and noise reduction, which comprises the steps of firstly conducting digital-analog layering and path planning on a target material or a component, and directly melting and depositing metal powder or wire materials with specific components on a base material according to the requirements of each layer and the planned printing path; then, according to a pre-designed hollow ball spatial arrangement mode, performing material reduction processing on the deposition layer to obtain a circular hole array with required size and depth and the arrangement mode following a preset arrangement rule, putting the prefabricated metal hollow balls into corresponding holes subjected to material reduction processing, and then performing material increase deposition forming on the deposition layer in which the metal hollow balls are put according to component design requirements to cover the hollow ball array; and then, carrying out numerical control milling to obtain a flat settled layer plane, and repeating the manufacturing processes of additive deposition forming, round hole array numerical control processing, hollow sphere arrangement, additive deposition forming and numerical control milling processing to manufacture the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material.)

1. A gradient function vibration-damping noise-reducing composite material-increasing and material-decreasing composite manufacturing method is characterized in that firstly, digital-analog layering and path planning are carried out on a target material or a component, and metal powder or wire materials with specific components are directly melted and deposited on a base material according to the requirements of each layer and the planned printing path; then, according to a pre-designed hollow ball spatial arrangement mode, performing material reduction processing on the deposition layer to obtain a circular hole array with required size and depth and the arrangement mode following a preset arrangement rule, putting the prefabricated metal hollow balls into corresponding holes subjected to material reduction processing, and then performing material increase deposition forming on the deposition layer in which the metal hollow balls are put according to component design requirements to cover the hollow ball array; and then, carrying out numerical control milling to obtain a flat settled layer plane, and repeating the manufacturing processes of additive deposition forming, round hole array numerical control processing, hollow sphere arrangement, additive deposition forming and numerical control milling processing to manufacture the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material.

2. The method for manufacturing a gradient function vibration and noise reduction composite material additive and subtractive composite material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of each deposition layer is determined by the size of the hollow metal spheres and the distance between two adjacent layers of hollow spheres.

3. The method for manufacturing the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material by material addition and reduction according to claim 1, wherein the multifunctional composite material with gradient components, organization, structure and performance and used for meeting the requirements of multiple performances such as noise reduction, vibration reduction, sound insulation, heat insulation and energy absorption is prepared by performing additive manufacturing layer by using powder or metal wire materials with different components.

4. The method for manufacturing the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material with increased and decreased materials according to claim 1, wherein the hollow metal spheres with different sizes and different components are arranged according to a certain rule, or the hollow spheres with the same size and the same component are arranged according to different densities, so as to meet the design requirements of the functional characteristics and the mechanical properties of the composite materials with different hollow spheres, and prepare the composite material with the gradient arrangement of the hollow spheres.

5. The method for manufacturing the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material by adding and subtracting materials according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific processes:

step 1, removing rust and oil on the surface of a substrate, clamping and positioning;

step 2, respectively editing additive manufacturing, milling, punching and ball placing paths;

step 3, selecting powder with required components, setting corresponding parameters of laser deposition, and performing laser deposition additive manufacturing on the substrate by using a laser deposition head according to a preset path;

step 4, after laser deposition is finished, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, changing a laser deposition head into a milling cutter, milling the surface of the deposition layer in the step 3, and accurately controlling the shape of the deposition layer;

step 5, after milling, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a milling cutter into a ball milling cutter, and step 4 milling holes with required sizes on the milled and leveled deposition layer according to a preset arrangement mode;

step 6, after the material reducing processing in the steps 4 and 5 is completed, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, changing a ball milling cutter into a ball feeding device, and accurately placing the metal hollow balls with required components into the milled holes according to a preset path;

step 7, performing additive deposition on the deposition layer in which the metal hollow spheres are placed to form a hollow sphere array, and then performing numerical control milling to obtain a flat deposition layer plane;

step 8, changing a tool magazine of the numerical control machine tool, repeating the steps 3-7, and processing the finished metal hollow ball;

and 9, finishing the processing, and finishing the manufacturing of the composite material or the component.

6. The composite material with the gradient function for vibration and noise reduction is characterized by being prepared by the following steps: firstly, carrying out digital-analog layering and path planning on a target material or a component, and directly melting and depositing metal powder or wire materials with specific components on a base material according to the requirements of each layer and the planned printing path; then, according to a pre-designed hollow ball spatial arrangement mode, performing material reduction processing on the deposition layer to obtain a circular hole array with required size and depth and the arrangement mode following a preset arrangement rule, putting the prefabricated metal hollow balls into corresponding holes subjected to material reduction processing, and then performing material increase deposition forming on the deposition layer in which the metal hollow balls are put according to component design requirements to cover the hollow ball array; and then, carrying out numerical control milling to obtain a flat settled layer plane, and repeating the manufacturing processes of additive deposition forming, round hole array numerical control processing, hollow sphere arrangement, additive deposition forming and numerical control milling processing to manufacture the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a composite material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a method for preparing a gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material by adopting an additive and subtractive composite manufacturing technology, belonging to the technical field of vibration and noise reduction functional materials.

Background

In order to satisfy the comfort level of the luxury cruise ship, the ocean cargo ship, the large ocean ship passengers and the like, damping materials and composite structure designs are generally adopted to manufacture damping and noise reduction materials and components for improving and controlling the noise of the ship cabin. According to the structural design requirements of the existing ship vibration-damping noise-reducing materials and components, the vibration-damping noise-reducing acoustic materials are required to have excellent performances such as low density, high strength, high damping, high temperature resistance, impact resistance and the like. However, at present, the most applied materials in the field of vibration and noise reduction of domestic naval vessels are organic non-metallic materials, such as rubber, various polymer resin materials and the like, which have low density and good damping performance, but have poor mechanical properties and are easy to age after long-term use, so that the interval vibration characteristic is lost. Therefore, the damping performance, the mechanical performance and the functional characteristics of the existing material for vibration-damping and noise-reducing components are difficult to be considered, and the requirements on the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high damping, sound insulation, heat insulation, high energy absorption and the like of the damping material in the actual use process are difficult to meet. Therefore, the engineering field needs to adopt the design idea of composite materials and develop novel multifunctional vibration and noise reduction materials to meet the requirements of practical application.

The composite material formed by the hollow spheres fully applies the multi-level strengthening and toughening principle of the composite material, can integrate various performances such as low density, high strength, high energy absorption capacity, thermal property, vibration reduction and isolation and the like of the composite material through reasonable components, structural design and a proper manufacturing mode, and has wide application prospect in the field of engineering application.

In the existing traditional preparation technology of materials and structural components, components and structures are difficult to control accurately according to design, and the mechanical properties and functional characteristics are difficult to regulate and control accurately according to design, so that the materials and the structural components are distributed in a certain rule. The material-increasing and material-decreasing composite manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology which is started in recent years, and has the advantages of controllable components and structure, high processing precision, high forming efficiency, customizability and the like, and the material performance is easier to control and realize in a gradient manner due to the processing characteristics of layer-by-layer accumulation from bottom to top, so that the accurate manufacturing of the components and the structure of the composite material according to the design becomes possible, and the feasibility of developing the gradient function vibration-damping noise-reducing composite material by the material-increasing and material-decreasing composite manufacturing technology is realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a material-increasing and material-decreasing composite manufacturing method for a gradient function vibration-damping and noise-reducing composite material, which utilizes the designable characteristics of the structure and the performance of the composite material, adopts an advanced material-increasing and material-decreasing composite manufacturing technology to realize the accurate regulation and control of the components, the structure and the performance of the composite material, achieves the integrated design and manufacture of the components, the structure and the functions in a real sense, and further develops the gradient function vibration-damping and noise-reducing composite material and a complex structure component.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

a gradient function vibration-damping noise-reducing composite material-increasing and material-decreasing composite manufacturing method comprises the steps of firstly conducting digital-analog layering and path planning on a target material or a component, and directly melting and depositing metal powder or wire materials with specific components on a base material according to the planned printing path according to the requirements of each layer; then, according to a pre-designed hollow ball spatial arrangement mode, performing material reduction processing on the deposition layer to obtain a circular hole array with required size and depth and the arrangement mode following a preset arrangement rule, putting the prefabricated metal hollow balls into corresponding holes subjected to material reduction processing, and then performing material increase deposition forming on the deposition layer in which the metal hollow balls are put according to component design requirements to cover the hollow ball array; and then, carrying out numerical control milling to obtain a flat settled layer plane, and repeating the manufacturing processes of additive deposition forming, round hole array numerical control processing, hollow sphere arrangement, additive deposition forming and numerical control milling processing to manufacture the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material.

The thickness of each deposition layer is determined by the size of the metal hollow sphere and the distance between two adjacent layers of hollow spheres;

performing additive manufacturing layer by using powder or metal wire materials with different components to prepare a multifunctional composite material which has gradient components, tissues, structures and performances and is used for meeting the requirements of multiple performances such as noise reduction, vibration reduction, sound insulation, heat insulation, energy absorption and the like;

arranging the hollow metal balls with different sizes and different components according to a certain rule, or arranging the hollow balls with the same size and the same component according to different densities so as to meet the design requirements of functional characteristics and mechanical properties of different hollow ball composite materials and prepare the composite material with the gradient arrangement of the hollow balls;

the specific process comprises the following steps:

step 1, removing rust and oil on the surface of a substrate, clamping and positioning;

step 2, respectively editing additive manufacturing, milling, punching and ball placing paths;

step 3, selecting powder with required components, setting corresponding parameters of laser deposition, and performing laser deposition additive manufacturing on the substrate by using a laser deposition head according to a preset path;

step 4, after laser deposition is finished, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, changing a laser deposition head into a milling cutter, milling the surface of the deposition layer in the step 3, and accurately controlling the shape of the deposition layer;

step 5, after milling, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a milling cutter into a ball milling cutter, and step 4 milling holes with required sizes on the milled and leveled deposition layer according to a preset arrangement mode;

step 6, after the material reducing processing in the steps 4 and 5 is completed, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, changing a ball milling cutter into a ball feeding device, and accurately placing the metal hollow balls with required components into the milled holes according to a preset path;

step 7, performing additive deposition on the deposition layer in which the metal hollow spheres are placed to form a hollow sphere array, and then performing numerical control milling to obtain a flat deposition layer plane;

step 8, changing a tool magazine of the numerical control machine tool, repeating the steps 3-7, and processing the finished metal hollow ball;

and 9, finishing the processing, and finishing the manufacturing of the composite material or the component.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention utilizes the characteristic that the structural performance of the composite material can be designed and controlled, and combines the advanced material-increasing and material-decreasing composite manufacturing technology to realize that the components and the structure of the composite material fully embody the design intention in the manufacturing process, thereby achieving the integration of the design and the manufacture of the components, the structure and the function in the real sense, further developing the gradient function vibration-damping and noise-reducing composite material, and having very important theoretical and engineering significance for the preparation of the high-performance vibration-damping and noise-reducing composite material.

In the metal hollow sphere composite material, small balls with different components are regularly arranged in space, so that the components are distributed according to a certain rule, the design and manufacture integration, the structural control of material reduction processing and the gradient function control of material increase manufacturing are realized in the manufacturing process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a hollow metal sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials; wherein, 1 is send the ball device, 2 is the laser deposition head, 3 is the laser beam, 4 is the additive manufacturing sedimentary deposit, 5 is the TiC/AL sedimentary deposit through subtracting material processing, 6 is the base plate, 7 is the powder beam, 8 is the aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit through subtracting material processing, 9 is the NiTi alloy hollow ball, 10 is 316 stainless steel hollow ball, 11 is the milling cutter, 12 is the ball milling cutter, 13 is the tool magazine.

FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of additive and subtractive manufacturing of hollow metal sphere composite;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gradient composition and structure of a composite material;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of hollow spheres in the composite material in a body-centered cubic structure.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention provides a material-adding and material-reducing composite manufacturing method of a vibration-reducing and noise-reducing composite material with a gradient function, which is to manufacture a metal hollow sphere composite material with the gradient function by adopting an advanced material-adding and material-reducing composite precise manufacturing technology; the innovative design fully utilizes the characteristics of controllable components and designable structure of additive manufacturing, high quality and high precision of subtractive manufacturing, energy absorption, vibration reduction, noise reduction, heat insulation and the like of the metal hollow sphere composite material, realizes the controllability of the components and the structure of the vibration reduction and noise reduction composite material, and has the consideration of damping performance, mechanical performance and functional characteristics.

The invention also comprises the following features:

the gradient function vibration-damping noise-reducing composite material utilizes the metal hollow ball to provide a porous structure for the composite material, and the prepared metal hollow ball composite material has excellent vibration-damping noise-reducing performance. The arrangement mode of the hollow spheres in the matrix is the distribution mode of the mesoporous structure in the composite material, and the size of the hollow spheres is the size of the mesoporous structure in the composite material, so the arrangement rule and the porosity of the mesoporous structure of the composite material can be designed according to requirements. The metal hollow ball is a prefabricated hollow ball with specific components, and the components of the metal hollow ball can be different from those of the matrix. The prefabricated hollow ball is metal or ceramic with specific components, the structure is single-layer or multi-layer, and the substrate is alloy or metal matrix composite material with the melting point lower than that of the metal hollow ball. The manufacturing process of the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out digital-analog layering and path planning on a target material or a component, directly melting and depositing metal powder or wire with specific components on a base material according to the planned printing path according to the requirements of each layer, then carrying out material reduction processing on a deposition layer according to a pre-designed hollow ball spatial arrangement mode to obtain a circular hole array with the required size and depth and the arrangement mode following a preset arrangement rule, putting prefabricated metal hollow balls into corresponding holes for material reduction processing, then carrying out material increase deposition forming on the deposition layer in which the metal hollow balls are put according to the component design requirements to cover the hollow ball array, and then carrying out numerical control milling to obtain a flat deposition layer plane. Thus, the manufacturing process of additive deposition forming, round hole array numerical control machining, hollow sphere arrangement, additive deposition forming and numerical control milling machining is repeated, and the gradient functional vibration and noise reduction composite material can be manufactured. According to the composite material additive and subtractive composite manufacturing technology, the thickness of each deposition layer is determined by the size of the metal hollow ball and the distance between two adjacent layers of hollow balls. The composite material additive and subtractive composite manufacturing technology is characterized in that powder or metal wire materials with different components are used for conducting additive manufacturing layer by layer to prepare the multifunctional composite material which has gradient components, tissues, structures and performances and is used for meeting the requirements of multiple performances such as noise reduction, vibration reduction, sound insulation, heat insulation, energy absorption and the like. The composite material additive and subtractive composite manufacturing technology arranges the metal hollow spheres with different sizes and different components according to a certain rule or arranges the hollow spheres with the same size and the same component according to different densities so as to meet the design requirements of the functional characteristics and the mechanical properties of different hollow sphere composite materials and prepare the composite material with the gradient arrangement of the hollow spheres. The gradient function vibration-damping noise-reducing composite material can introduce a functional material into the composite material through two ways of laser melting deposition forming and hollow sphere preparation. The ceramic reinforcing particles such as TiC and the like or the functional materials such as NiTi damping materials and the like can be uniformly mixed with the powder for laser additive manufacturing in advance, and the mixture is introduced into the composite material through laser powder melting forming. The hollow ball which is passed by the TiC ceramic lamp reinforced particles or damping material NiTi and other functional materials can be prepared and introduced into the composite material. When the functional material is introduced into the composite material in a mode of preparing the metal hollow spheres, the metal wire can be used for replacing powder to perform additive manufacturing to form the composite material, so that the efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.

With reference to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a hollow metal sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials and fig. 2, a process flow for manufacturing a hollow metal sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials is briefly described as follows:

step 1, removing rust and oil on the surface of a substrate, clamping and positioning;

and 2, respectively editing additive manufacturing, milling, punching and ball placing paths.

Step 3, selecting powder with required components, setting corresponding parameters of laser deposition, and performing laser deposition additive manufacturing on the substrate 6 by using the laser deposition head 2 according to a preset path;

step 4, after laser deposition is finished, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine of the numerical control machine tool, changing a laser deposition head 2 into a milling cutter 11, milling the surface of the deposition layer in the step 3, and accurately controlling the shape of the deposition layer;

step 5, after milling, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a milling cutter 11 into a ball milling cutter 12, and step 4 milling holes with required sizes on the milled and leveled deposition layer according to a preset arrangement mode;

step 6, after the material reducing processing in the steps 4 and 5 is completed, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, replacing the ball milling cutter 12 with the ball feeding device 1, and accurately placing the metal hollow balls with required components into the milled holes according to a preset path;

step 7, performing additive deposition on the deposition layer in which the metal hollow spheres are placed to form a hollow sphere array, and then performing numerical control milling to obtain a flat deposition layer plane;

step 8, changing a tool magazine of the numerical control machine tool, repeating the steps 3-7, and processing the finished metal hollow ball;

and 9, finishing the processing, and finishing the manufacturing of the composite material or the component.

In summary, the following steps: a method for manufacturing a composite material with a gradient function and vibration and noise reduction comprises the steps of forming a composite material of a hollow metal sphere with a gradient function by an advanced material-increasing and material-decreasing composite precise manufacturing technology, providing a porous structure for the hollow metal sphere, and preparing the composite material with excellent vibration and noise reduction performance, wherein a target material or a member is subjected to digital-analog layering and path planning, metal powder or wire with specific components is directly melted and deposited on a base material according to a planned printing path according to the requirement of each layer, then material-decreasing processing is performed on a deposition layer according to a pre-designed hollow sphere space arrangement mode to obtain a circular hole array with the required size and depth and the arrangement mode following a preset arrangement rule, prefabricated hollow metal spheres are placed in corresponding material-decreasing processed holes, and the hollow spheres placed with metal deposition layers are subjected to material-increasing deposition forming to cover the hollow sphere array according to the component design requirement, and then carrying out numerical control milling to obtain a flat settled layer plane. Thus, the manufacturing process of additive deposition forming, round hole array numerical control machining, hollow sphere arrangement, additive deposition forming and numerical control milling machining is repeated, and the gradient function vibration and noise reduction composite material can be manufactured and is used for meeting the requirements of multifunctional lightweight composite materials with the functions of noise reduction, vibration reduction, heat insulation, sound insulation, energy absorption and the like. The invention can introduce functional material components into the metal hollow sphere composite material through two ways of laser melting deposition forming and hollow sphere preparation.