阅读说明：本技术 一种金属空心球复合材料增减材制造的方法 (Method for manufacturing metal hollow sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials ) 是由 高华兵 江国瑞 姜风春 果春焕 肖明颖 王振 于 2021-06-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种金属空心球复合材料增减材制造的方法,所述金属空心球复合材料由嵌入在基体中的按一定空间排列方式规则排布的空心球和金属基体构成,首先将目标零件转化为数字模型文件,设计出打印路径后直接将金属粉体或丝状材料熔融沉积在基材上,按照计算机仿真模拟辅助设计的空心球空间排列方式,利用数控加工机床的铣削减材功能,在沉积层上准确加工尺寸与空心球直径吻合的、成一定排列方式的圆孔阵列,将尺寸均匀的金属空心球放入加工好的圆孔,再进行下一层激光粉末沉积或丝材沉积,重复圆孔铣削加工—空心球布放—沉积成形的工艺过程,即可制造出空心球三维空间排列的复合材料。实现金属空心球复合材料设计制造一体化,结构性能可控制。(The invention provides a method for manufacturing a metal hollow sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials, wherein the metal hollow sphere composite material is composed of hollow spheres embedded in a matrix and regularly arranged according to a certain spatial arrangement mode and a metal matrix, firstly, a target part is converted into a digital model file, a printing path is designed, then metal powder or filiform materials are directly fused and deposited on a base material, according to the spatial arrangement mode of hollow spheres designed by the aid of computer simulation, the milling and material reducing functions of the numerical control machine tool are utilized, and (3) accurately processing a circular hole array which has the size matched with the diameter of the hollow spheres and is arranged in a certain mode on the deposition layer, putting the metal hollow spheres with uniform size into the processed circular holes, then performing next layer of laser powder deposition or wire deposition, and repeating the technical processes of circular hole milling processing, hollow sphere distribution and deposition forming to manufacture the composite material with the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of the hollow spheres. The design and manufacture of the metal hollow sphere composite material are integrated, and the structural performance can be controlled.)

1. The method for manufacturing the metal hollow sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials is characterized in that the metal hollow sphere composite material is composed of hollow spheres embedded in a matrix and regularly arranged according to a certain spatial arrangement mode and a metal matrix, and comprises the following steps:

firstly, converting a target part into a digital model file, directly fusing and depositing metal powder or filamentous materials on a base material after designing a printing path, accurately processing a circular hole array which has the size matched with the diameter of the hollow balls and is in a certain arrangement mode on a deposition layer according to a hollow ball space arrangement mode designed by computer simulation assistance by utilizing the milling and material reducing functions of a numerical control machine tool, putting the metal hollow balls with uniform size into the processed circular holes, then performing next layer of laser powder deposition or wire material deposition, and repeating the technological processes of circular hole milling, hollow ball distribution and deposition forming to manufacture the composite material with the three-dimensional space arrangement of the hollow balls.

2. The method for manufacturing the hollow metal sphere composite material with the increased and decreased materials according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, removing rust and oil on the surface of a substrate, clamping and positioning;

step 2, respectively editing additive manufacturing, milling, punching and ball placing paths;

step 3, selecting powder with required components, setting corresponding parameters of laser deposition, and performing laser deposition additive manufacturing on the substrate by using a laser deposition head according to a preset path;

step 4, after laser deposition is finished, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, changing a laser deposition head into a milling cutter, milling the surface of the deposition layer in the step 3, and accurately controlling the shape of the deposition layer;

step 5, after milling, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a milling cutter into a ball milling cutter, and step 4 milling holes with the same size as the metal hollow balls on the milled and smooth deposition layer according to a preset arrangement mode;

step 6, after the material reducing processing in the steps 4 and 5 is completed, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, replacing a ball milling cutter 10 with a ball feeding device, and accurately placing the metal hollow balls with required components into the milled holes according to a preset path;

7, changing a tool by using a tool magazine of the numerical control machine tool, and repeating the steps 3-6;

and 8, finishing processing, cooling the composite material, and cleaning and airing.

3. The method for increasing or decreasing the number of materials in the hollow metal sphere composite material according to claim 1, wherein the hollow sphere is a prefabricated metal or a multi-layer hollow sphere, and the matrix is an alloy or a metal matrix composite material with a melting point lower than that of the hollow metal sphere.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite material with increased and decreased materials, in particular to a method for manufacturing a composite material with increased and decreased materials of a metal hollow sphere, and belongs to the technical field of materials with vibration and noise reduction functions.

Background

Due to the advantages and special properties of the porous metal material such as light weight, vibration reduction, noise reduction, multi-functionalization and the like, the porous metal material has important application value in the fields of aerospace, ships, military affairs and the like. However, as the performance requirements of the porous metal materials in the engineering application field are gradually increased, some disadvantages of the conventional porous metal materials are gradually exposed. For example, metal foams have the disadvantage of non-uniform pore size and distribution, resulting in non-uniform material properties; the high degree of directionality of the honeycomb material results in large differences in longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties. The hollow metal ball composite material is prepared by uniformly distributing hollow balls in a metal matrix through a certain preparation process, so that the metal matrix composite material containing a hollow ball structure is prepared. Because the pores of the metal hollow sphere composite material are uniformly distributed and relatively uniform in size, the size and the wall thickness of the hollow spheres, the three-dimensional space arrangement characteristics in a matrix and the like have designable characteristics, compared with the traditional foamed metal, the material has more excellent mechanical properties, better damping and energy absorption properties, better noise reduction performance and better heat insulation performance, so that the attention of the engineering field to the composite material developed by adopting the design idea of the composite material is increased in recent years.

The composite material formed by the hollow spheres has the characteristics of low density, high strength, high energy absorption capacity, good acoustic and thermal properties, good damping performance and the like, and is applied to the fields of aerospace, naval vessels and the like. The arrangement mode of the metal hollow spheres in the composite material has a great influence on the mechanical property and the functional property of the composite material, but the arrangement of the hollow spheres in the composite material is random in the metal hollow sphere composite material prepared by the traditional casting and powder metallurgy methods, so that the hollow spheres are difficult to accurately manufacture according to the design, the structure and the performance of the metal hollow sphere composite material are uncontrollable, the gradient functional composite material meeting the design is difficult to manufacture according to the engineering requirement, the structure and the function can not be integrated, the requirement of high processing precision is difficult to guarantee, and the mechanical property and the functional property of the metal hollow sphere composite material prepared by the traditional preparation technology are difficult to take into consideration. Along with the application depth, the engineering field urgently needs a hollow metal ball composite material with adjustable and controllable components, designable structure and function and high processing precision.

With the continuous development of the laser additive technology, the metal hollow sphere composite material can be rapidly formed and formed in a near-net shape, and the customizability of the metal hollow sphere composite material has great advantages compared with the traditional processing mode, and the metal matrix composite material structural member manufactured by the laser additive technology is also rapidly developed, so that the metal hollow sphere composite material developed by the laser manufacturing technology has feasibility.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a hollow metal sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials, which aims to fully embody the design intention of materials and structures in the manufacturing process and achieve the integrated design and manufacturing of components, structures and functions in the real sense.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

a method for manufacturing a hollow metal ball composite material with increased and decreased materials comprises the following steps of:

firstly, converting a target part into a digital model file, directly fusing and depositing metal powder or filamentous materials on a base material after designing a printing path, accurately processing a circular hole array which has the size matched with the diameter of the hollow balls and is in a certain arrangement mode on a deposition layer according to a hollow ball space arrangement mode designed by computer simulation assistance by utilizing the milling and material reducing functions of a numerical control machine tool, putting the metal hollow balls with uniform size into the processed circular holes, then performing next layer of laser powder deposition or wire material deposition, and repeating the technological processes of circular hole milling, hollow ball distribution and deposition forming to manufacture the composite material with the three-dimensional space arrangement of the hollow balls.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, removing rust and oil on the surface of a substrate, clamping and positioning;

step 2, respectively editing additive manufacturing, milling, punching and ball placing paths;

step 3, selecting powder with required components, setting corresponding parameters of laser deposition, and performing laser deposition additive manufacturing on the substrate by using a laser deposition head according to a preset path;

step 4, after laser deposition is finished, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, changing a laser deposition head into a milling cutter, milling the surface of the deposition layer in the step 3, and accurately controlling the shape of the deposition layer;

step 5, after milling, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a milling cutter into a ball milling cutter, and step 4 milling holes with the same size as the metal hollow balls on the milled and smooth deposition layer according to a preset arrangement mode;

step 6, after the material reducing processing in the steps 4 and 5 is completed, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine, replacing a ball milling cutter 10 with a ball feeding device, and accurately placing the metal hollow balls with required components into the milled holes according to a preset path;

7, changing a tool by using a tool magazine of the numerical control machine tool, and repeating the steps 3-6;

and 8, finishing processing, cooling the composite material, and cleaning and airing.

The hollow sphere is a prefabricated metal or multilayer hollow sphere, and the matrix is an alloy or metal matrix composite material with a melting point lower than that of the metal hollow sphere.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention adopts the advanced material-increasing and material-decreasing composite precise manufacturing technology to form the metal hollow sphere composite material with personalized design. The innovative design fully utilizes the characteristics of near net shape forming, structure designable, high quality and high precision of material reduction manufacturing, energy absorption, vibration reduction, noise reduction, heat insulation and the like of the metal hollow sphere composite material, realizes the design and manufacturing integration of the metal hollow sphere composite material, and has controllable structural performance;

the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of the hollow spheres is accurately controlled through advanced numerical control processing, and the defects that the traditional casting and forming technology is difficult to manufacture a complex three-dimensional arrangement structure of the hollow spheres, the hollow spheres are not uniformly distributed, the tissue performance is difficult to control and the like are overcome.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a hollow metal sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials; 1 is a milling cutter, 2 is a laser deposition head, 3 is an additive manufacturing deposition layer, 4 is a substrate, 5 is a powder beam, 6 is a laser beam, 7 is a deposition layer subjected to material reduction processing, 8 is a metal hollow sphere, 9 is a sphere feeding device, and 10 is a sphere milling cutter;

FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of additive and subtractive manufacturing of hollow metal sphere composite;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hollow metal sphere composite made by additive and subtractive manufacturing;

fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the space structure of the hollow metal ball composite material manufactured by increasing and decreasing materials.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention provides a material-increasing and material-decreasing manufacturing method for a metal hollow sphere composite material, which utilizes the multi-level and multi-scale strengthening and toughening principle of the composite material and combines the advanced material-increasing and material-decreasing manufacturing technology to realize the full reflection of the design intention of the material and the structure in the manufacturing process and achieve the integrated design and manufacturing of the components, the structure and the functions in the true sense.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a hollow metal sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials. The invention adopts the advanced material-increasing and material-decreasing composite precise manufacturing technology to form the metal hollow sphere composite material with personalized design. The innovative design fully utilizes the characteristics of near net shape forming, structural designability, high quality and high precision of material reduction manufacturing, energy absorption, vibration reduction, noise reduction, heat insulation and the like of the metal hollow sphere composite material, realizes the design and manufacturing integration of the metal hollow sphere composite material, and has controllable structural performance.

The invention also comprises the following features:

the metal hollow sphere composite material is composed of hollow spheres embedded in a matrix and regularly arranged according to a certain spatial arrangement mode and a metal matrix.

The hollow sphere is a prefabricated metal or multilayer hollow sphere, and the matrix is an alloy or metal matrix composite material with the melting point lower than that of the metal hollow sphere.

The metal hollow sphere composite material is characterized in that the prefabricated hollow spheres provide closed pores for the composite material, so that the pores of the composite material are uniform, the distribution structure of the composite material can be controlled, the composite material can be designed according to the performance required by the material, and the size and the arrangement rule can be changed.

The preparation process of the metal hollow sphere composite material comprises the following steps: firstly, converting a target part into a digital model file, directly fusing and depositing metal powder or filamentous materials on a base material after designing a printing path, accurately processing a circular hole array which has the size matched with the diameter of the hollow balls and is in a certain arrangement mode on a deposition layer according to a hollow ball space arrangement mode designed by computer simulation assistance by utilizing the milling and material reducing functions of a numerical control machine tool, putting the metal hollow balls with uniform sizes into the processed circular holes, and then performing next layer of laser powder deposition or wire material deposition. And repeating the technological processes of round hole milling, hollow sphere distribution and deposition forming to obtain the composite material with hollow sphere three-dimensional arrangement.

The preparation process can be used for layered production according to a designed structure, belongs to near-net-shape forming and requires a small amount of processing.

According to the preparation process, the thickness of each deposition layer can be designed according to the size of the hollow spheres, the arrangement mode of the hollow spheres in each layer is designed according to the three-dimensional space arrangement mode, and the three-dimensional space arrangement mode of the metal hollow spheres can be designed in advance through computer simulation.

The preparation process accurately controls the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of the hollow spheres through advanced numerical control processing, and overcomes the defects that the traditional casting and forming technology is difficult to manufacture a complex three-dimensional arrangement structure of the hollow spheres, the hollow spheres are not uniformly distributed, the tissue performance is not easy to control, and the like.

With reference to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a hollow metal sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials and fig. 2, a process flow for manufacturing a hollow metal sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials is briefly described as follows:

step 1, removing rust and oil on the surface of a substrate, clamping and positioning;

and 2, respectively editing additive manufacturing, milling, punching and ball placing paths.

Step 3, selecting powder with required components, setting corresponding parameters of laser deposition, and performing laser deposition additive manufacturing on the substrate 10 by using the laser deposition head 2 according to a preset path;

step 4, after laser deposition is finished, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a tool magazine of the numerical control machine tool, changing a laser deposition head 2 into a milling cutter 1, milling the surface of the deposition layer in the step 3, and accurately controlling the shape of the deposition layer;

step 5, after milling, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change a milling cutter 1 into a ball milling cutter 10, and step 4 milling holes with the same size as the metal hollow balls on the milled and leveled deposition layer according to a preset arrangement mode;

step 6, after the material reducing processing in the steps 4 and 5 is completed, changing a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool to change the tool magazine, replacing a ball milling cutter 10 with a ball feeding device 9, accurately placing the metal hollow balls with required components into the milled holes according to a preset path, and placing the metal hollow balls into the settled layers of the small balls to form a small ball space structure as shown in fig. 4;

step 7, changing tools by using a tool magazine of a numerical control machine tool, repeating the steps 3-6, and obtaining a schematic diagram of the processed metal hollow sphere composite material shown in fig. 3;

and 8, finishing processing, cooling the composite material, and cleaning and airing.

With reference to fig. 3 and 4, it can be observed that in the hollow metal sphere composite material, the small spheres are regularly arranged in space, the design and manufacture integration, the structural control of material reduction processing and the gradient performance control of additive manufacturing are realized in the manufacturing process, and the structure and function integrated design and manufacture in the true sense is achieved.