Coaxiality adjusting device and method
阅读说明:本技术 一种同轴度调整装置及方法 (Coaxiality adjusting device and method ) 是由 朱祥龙 康仁科 董志刚 李建波 高尚 张小民 于 2019-11-06 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开了一种同轴度调整装置及方法,所述同轴度调整装置,包括:第一调整座,其用于调整位于其上的第一零件的轴线在竖直方向上移动和与水平面之间的夹角;第二调整座,其用于调整位于其上的第二零件的轴线在水平方向上移动和与竖直平面之间的夹角;支架,其可沿水平方向移动;以及,滑台,其上设有所述第二调整座,所述滑台位于所述支架侧壁且其可沿所述支架侧壁在竖直方向上移动。本发明将两个零件分别放置在第一调整座和第二调整座上进行同轴度调整,调整同轴度过程中对零件本身不会施加作用力,对零件不会造成应力和损伤,不仅适用于普通零件,也适用于精密零件和易碎零件的调整对中。(The invention discloses a coaxiality adjusting device and a method, wherein the coaxiality adjusting device comprises the following components: the first adjusting seat is used for adjusting an included angle between the axis of the first part on the first adjusting seat and the horizontal plane in the vertical direction; the second adjusting seat is used for adjusting the included angle between the axis of the second part on the second adjusting seat and the vertical plane in the horizontal direction; a bracket movable in a horizontal direction; and the sliding table is provided with the second adjusting seat, is positioned on the side wall of the bracket and can move in the vertical direction along the side wall of the bracket. The coaxiality adjusting device is characterized in that the first adjusting seat and the second adjusting seat are respectively provided with a first adjusting seat and a second adjusting seat, and the first adjusting seat and the second adjusting seat are respectively provided with a first adjusting seat and a second adjusting seat.)
1. A coaxiality adjusting apparatus, comprising:
the first adjusting seat is used for adjusting an included angle between the axis of the first part on the first adjusting seat and the horizontal plane in the vertical direction;
the second adjusting seat is used for adjusting the included angle between the axis of the second part on the second adjusting seat and the vertical plane in the horizontal direction;
a bracket movable in a horizontal direction;
and the sliding table is provided with the second adjusting seat, is positioned on the side wall of the bracket and can move in the vertical direction along the side wall of the bracket.
2. The coaxiality adjustment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the first adjusting seat comprises a first upper plate, a first middle plate and a first lower plate which are arranged in a serpentine shape in the vertical direction;
the first upper plate, the first middle plate and the first lower plate are arranged in parallel;
one end of the first middle plate and one end of the first lower plate are connected, the connecting end of the first middle plate is positioned at one side close to the second adjusting seat or one side far away from the second adjusting seat, and fine adjusting structures used for adjusting the included angle between the first middle plate and the first lower plate are arranged at two sides of the free ends of the first middle plate and the first lower plate;
one end of the first upper plate is connected with one end of the first middle plate, the connecting end of the first upper plate is far away from the connecting end of the first middle plate and the first lower plate, and fine adjustment structures used for adjusting an included angle between the first upper plate and the first middle plate are arranged on two sides of the free end of the first upper plate and the free end of the first middle plate.
3. The coaxiality adjustment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the second adjusting seat comprises a second upper plate, a second middle plate and a second lower plate which are arranged in a serpentine shape in the horizontal direction;
the second upper plate, the second middle plate and the second lower plate are arranged in parallel with each other;
one end of the second middle plate is connected with one end of the second lower plate, the connecting end of the second middle plate is positioned at one side close to the first adjusting seat or one side far away from the first adjusting seat, and fine adjusting structures used for adjusting the included angle between the second middle plate and the second lower plate are arranged at two sides of the free ends of the second middle plate and the second lower plate;
one end of the second upper plate is connected with one end of the second middle plate, the connecting end of the second upper plate is far away from the connecting end of the second middle plate and the second lower plate, and fine adjustment structures for adjusting an included angle between the second upper plate and the second middle plate are arranged on two sides of the free end of the second upper plate and the free end of the second middle plate;
the second lower plate is fixedly connected with the sliding table.
4. The coaxiality adjustment apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the fine adjustment structure comprises a differential head and a dial indicator, wherein the contact head penetrates through the plate with the free end opposite to the upper part and contacts with the surface of the plate with the free end opposite to the lower part, and an adjusting bolt is used for connecting the free ends;
the dial indicator is used for displaying the adjustment quantity of the corresponding differential head;
and the thread section of the adjusting bolt is in threaded connection with the plate with the free end relatively positioned below.
5. A coaxiality adjusting method using the coaxiality adjusting apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
fixing a first part to be adjusted on the first adjusting seat, fixing a second part to be adjusted on the second adjusting seat, adjusting the position of the second adjusting seat through the sliding table and the support to complete the primary centering of the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted, and then fixing the positions of the sliding table and the support;
measuring the position conditions of the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted by using measuring equipment, setting a plane which is perpendicular to the side wall of the bracket and is located by the axis of the second part to be adjusted as an xoy plane, and measuring to obtain an included angle between the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the xoy plane;
adjusting each fine adjustment structure on the first adjusting seat to enable the axis of the first part to be adjusted to be parallel to the xoy plane;
measuring the distance between the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the xoy surface;
adjusting each fine adjustment structure on the first adjustment seat to enable the axis of the first part to be adjusted to be located in the xoy plane and enable the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted to be coplanar;
measuring an included angle between the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted;
adjusting each fine adjustment structure on the second adjustment seat, wherein the axis of the first part to be adjusted is parallel to the axis of the second part to be adjusted;
measuring the distance between the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted;
and adjusting each fine adjustment structure on the second adjustment seat to enable the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted to be coaxial.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanical assembly, in particular to a coaxiality adjusting device and method.
Background
During mechanical assembly, there is often a requirement for coaxiality of the two part axes, namely: whether the axes of the two parts are on a straight line. When the axiality error is too big, the position of axle just can cause the rotation axis wearing and tearing, reduces life, still can cause the machine vibration simultaneously, and noise increase and parts fatigue aggravation etc. are bad influence. Therefore, during mechanical assembly, a proper coaxiality adjusting device is needed, so that the axial positions of two parts with coaxiality requirements meet the design requirements.
The adjustment of "coaxiality" is a very delicate process. The special coaxiality adjusting platform used in the mechanical assembly is less at present, and the used adjusting method combines detection and adjustment: at present, the common use is to measure the coaxiality error of two parts by using an axial and radial double-meter combination measuring method and a double-radial meter combination, and according to the number of the meter, a plastic hammer is used for tapping a base of the part or a rotating adjusting screw is used for applying force to the part, so that the part generates a small displacement to adjust until the number is 0. The adjusting methods can meet requirements when coarse adjustment or low requirements on the coaxiality of the parts are achieved, but stress and deformation can be generated in the parts when the parts are knocked or acting force is applied to the parts, the parts cannot be used, knocking and adjusting screws cannot be accurately and quantitatively adjusted, the adjusting screws can be knocked or screwed repeatedly according to dial indicators, and the adjusting efficiency is low.
At present, most of commonly used adjusting tools apply acting force to the adjusted parts in the error direction by using adjusting screws so that the parts deform or displace. The adjusting method has low adjusting precision and poor precision retentivity, the coaxiality error is increased due to the fact that pretightening force is loosened along with the increase of the using time, the coaxiality needs to be adjusted again, the adjusting method cannot be used for quantitative and accurate adjustment, and the adjusting process takes long time. Further, in the case of precision parts, since the precision of the parts is impaired by the application of force, it is impossible to adjust the coaxiality of the precision parts by this method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coaxiality adjusting device and a method, which are used for solving the problems that the traditional adjusting tool and method are low in adjusting precision, poor in precision retentivity, incapable of being used for precision parts and the like; the adjusting device has the advantages of simple structure, quantitative adjustment, high adjusting speed and high adjusting precision, can adjust parts from 4 freedom degrees according to the deviation directions of two axes, ensures that the coaxiality reaches the design requirement, is simple to adjust and operate, and has good adjusting structure rigidity. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a coaxiality adjusting apparatus comprising:
the first adjusting seat is used for adjusting an included angle between the axis of the first part on the first adjusting seat and the horizontal plane in the vertical direction;
the second adjusting seat is used for adjusting the included angle between the axis of the second part on the second adjusting seat and the vertical plane in the horizontal direction;
a bracket movable in a horizontal direction;
and the sliding table is provided with the second adjusting seat, is positioned on the side wall of the bracket and can move in the vertical direction along the side wall of the bracket.
The first adjusting seat comprises a first upper plate, a first middle plate and a first lower plate which are arranged in a serpentine shape in the vertical direction;
the first upper plate, the first middle plate and the first lower plate are arranged in parallel;
one end of the first middle plate and one end of the first lower plate are connected, the connecting end of the first middle plate is positioned at one side close to the second adjusting seat or one side far away from the second adjusting seat, and fine adjusting structures used for adjusting the included angle between the first middle plate and the first lower plate are arranged at two sides of the free ends of the first middle plate and the first lower plate;
one end of the first upper plate is connected with one end of the first middle plate, the connecting end of the first upper plate is far away from the connecting end of the first middle plate and the first lower plate, and fine adjustment structures used for adjusting an included angle between the first upper plate and the first middle plate are arranged on two sides of the free end of the first upper plate and the free end of the first middle plate.
The second adjusting seat comprises a second upper plate, a second middle plate and a second lower plate which are arranged in a serpentine shape in the horizontal direction;
the second upper plate, the second middle plate and the second lower plate are arranged in parallel with each other;
one end of the second middle plate is connected with one end of the second lower plate, the connecting end of the second middle plate is positioned at one side close to the first adjusting seat or one side far away from the first adjusting seat, and fine adjusting structures used for adjusting the included angle between the second middle plate and the second lower plate are arranged at two sides of the free ends of the second middle plate and the second lower plate;
one end of the second upper plate is connected with one end of the second middle plate, the connecting end of the second upper plate is far away from the connecting end of the second middle plate and the second lower plate, and fine adjustment structures for adjusting an included angle between the second upper plate and the second middle plate are arranged on two sides of the free end of the second upper plate and the free end of the second middle plate;
the second lower plate is fixedly connected with the sliding table.
The fine adjustment structure comprises a differential head and a dial indicator, wherein the contact head penetrates through the plate with the free end opposite to the upper part and contacts with the surface of the plate with the free end opposite to the lower part, and an adjusting bolt is used for connecting the free ends;
the dial indicator is used for displaying the adjustment quantity of the corresponding differential head;
and the thread section of the adjusting bolt is in threaded connection with the plate with the free end relatively positioned below.
The invention also discloses a coaxiality adjusting method using the coaxiality adjusting device, which comprises the following steps:
fixing a first part to be adjusted on the first adjusting seat, fixing a second part to be adjusted on the second adjusting seat, adjusting the position of the second adjusting seat through the sliding table and the support to complete the primary centering of the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted, and then fixing the positions of the sliding table and the support;
measuring the position conditions of the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted by using measuring equipment, setting a plane which is perpendicular to the side wall of the bracket and is located by the axis of the second part to be adjusted as an xoy plane, and measuring to obtain an included angle between the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the xoy plane;
adjusting each fine adjustment structure on the first adjusting seat to enable the axis of the first part to be adjusted to be parallel to the xoy plane;
measuring the distance between the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the xoy surface;
adjusting each fine adjustment structure on the first adjustment seat to enable the axis of the first part to be adjusted to be located in the xoy plane and enable the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted to be coplanar;
measuring an included angle between the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted;
adjusting each fine adjustment structure on the second adjustment seat, wherein the axis of the first part to be adjusted is parallel to the axis of the second part to be adjusted;
measuring the distance between the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted;
and adjusting each fine adjustment structure on the second adjustment seat to enable the axis of the first part to be adjusted and the axis of the second part to be adjusted to be coaxial.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the coaxiality adjusting device can adjust the coaxiality of two parts from four freedom directions, and is flexible in adjustment and simple in operation.
2. The coaxiality adjusting device is characterized in that the first adjusting seat and the second adjusting seat are respectively provided with a first adjusting seat and a second adjusting seat, and the first adjusting seat and the second adjusting seat are respectively provided with a first adjusting seat and a second adjusting seat.
3. The adjusting structure of the coaxiality adjusting device is divided into a coarse adjusting structure (a sliding table and a support) and a fine adjusting structure, the adjusting process of parts is divided into coarse adjustment and fine adjustment, and the adjusting process is flexible and efficient.
4. The coaxiality can be adjusted quantitatively according to the deviation value of the measured coaxiality in each direction by adopting the precise differential head, the adjustment efficiency is high, the adjustment precision is high, and finally the structure with the adjusted coaxiality is fixed through the adjusting bolt, so that the rigidity of the adjustment structure is good, and the precision retentivity is good.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of mechanical assembly and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a coaxiality adjusting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front isometric view of a coaxiality adjustment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a rear isometric view of a coaxiality adjustment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of a first (second) adjustment block in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 4.
In the figure: the adjusting device comprises a
In the figure, a differential head, an adjusting bolt and a dial indicator form a fine adjustment structure, and A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are eight groups of fine adjustment structures.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a coaxiality adjusting device comprises a
The sliding table 5 is arranged on a second T-shaped guide rail on the side surface of the
The second adjusting seat 3 is arranged on the sliding table 5, has the same structure as the first adjusting seat 2, is of a cuboid structure and comprises a second upper plate, a second middle plate and a second lower plate which are arranged in a snake shape in the horizontal direction; the second upper plate, the second middle plate and the second lower plate are arranged in parallel with each other; one end of the second middle plate is connected with one end of the second lower plate, the connecting end of the second middle plate is positioned at one side close to the first adjusting seat 2 or one side far away from the first adjusting seat 2, and fine adjusting structures for adjusting the included angle between the second middle plate and the second lower plate are arranged at two sides of the free end of the second middle plate and the second lower plate; one end of the second upper plate is connected with one end of the second middle plate, the connecting end of the second upper plate is far away from the connecting end of the second middle plate and the second lower plate, and fine adjustment structures for adjusting an included angle between the second upper plate and the second middle plate are arranged on two sides of the free end of the second upper plate and the free end of the second middle plate; the second hypoplastron with slip table 5 fixed connection promptly the position that is close to four angles of second adjustment seat 3 respectively is equipped with two big circular through-holes and a small circle through-hole for install the fine tuning structure, wherein be the screw thread through-hole that the diameter ratio is little circular through-hole below the small circle through-hole. The differential heads 61-68 are respectively fixed in one of the large circular through holes on the four corners of the first adjusting
The first adjusting
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the adjusting method of the coaxiality adjusting device, the differential heads are respectively installed in four large circular through holes, the dial indicators are respectively installed in the other four large circular through holes to display the adjustment amount of the differential heads, and the adjusting screws respectively penetrate through the four small circular through holes and are installed in the threaded through holes in a threaded fit manner. The differential head, the adjusting screw, the dial indicator and the first adjusting
As shown in fig. 1, the method of adjusting the degree of freedom of the coaxiality adjusting apparatus is as follows:
the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted can move along the Z-axis direction by adjusting A1, A2, A3 and A4 simultaneously;
the simultaneous adjustment of A1, A2 or A3, A4 makes it possible to rotate the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted about the Y axis;
simultaneous adjustment B1, B2, B3, B4 may move the axis of the second part to be adjusted 10 in the Y direction;
the simultaneous adjustment of B1, B2 or B3, B4 can make the axis of the second part to be adjusted 10 rotate around the Z axis;
when the coaxiality of the axes of the two parts is adjusted, the two degrees of freedom of movement and rotation in the X direction have no influence on the adjustment of the coaxiality of the two parts. The adjustment in four degrees of freedom thus allows sufficient flexibility in the centering of the two part axes.
As shown in fig. 1, a coaxiality adjusting method using the coaxiality adjusting apparatus includes the steps of:
fixing a first part to be adjusted 9 on a first adjusting
measuring the position conditions of the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted and the
adjusting A1, A2 or A3, A4 to make the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted parallel to the xoy plane;
measuring the distance between the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted and the xoy plane;
adjusting A1, A2, A3 and A4 to make the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted in xoy plane and to make the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted and the
measuring the included angle between the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted and the
adjustment B1, B2 or B3, B4, the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted and the
measuring the distance between the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted and the
b1, B2, B3, B4 are adjusted so that the axis 11 of the first part to be adjusted and the
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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