阅读说明：本技术 实现高精度产状分布估计的最小交角和样本容量预测方法 (Minimum intersection angle and sample capacity prediction method for realizing high-precision occurrence distribution estimation ) 是由 黄磊 唐辉明 宁奕冰 赵萌 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种实现高精度三维节理产状分布估计的最小交角和最小样本容量的经验预测方法,步骤如下：对岩体中的节理进行取样,测量节理的产状,得到一维节理产状实测样本,同时测量用于取样节理的测线或钻孔的倾伏向和倾伏角；统计一维节理产状实测样本的容量,然后利用一维节理产状实测样本及其容量计算得到一维节理产状实测样本的Fisher常量,同时计算得到测线或钻孔与优势节理的夹角；利用一维节理产状实测样本的容量、Fisher常量计算得到能够实现高精度三维节理产状分布估计的最小交角；利用一维节理产状实测样本的Fisher常量、测线或钻孔与优势节理的夹角计算得到能够实现高精度三维节理产状分布估计的最小样本容量。(The invention provides an empirical prediction method for realizing minimum intersection angle and minimum sample capacity of high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation, which comprises the following steps: sampling joints in a rock mass, measuring the attitude of the joints to obtain one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement samples, and simultaneously measuring the inclination direction and inclination angle of a survey line or a drill hole for sampling the joints; counting the volume of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample, calculating by using the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample and the volume thereof to obtain a Fisher constant of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample, and calculating to obtain an included angle between a measuring line or a drilling hole and a dominant joint; calculating by using the capacity and the Fisher constant of the measured sample of the one-dimensional joint attitude to obtain a minimum intersection angle capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation; and calculating the minimum sample capacity capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation by utilizing the Fisher constant, the measuring line or the included angle between the drill hole and the dominant joint of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample.)

1. A minimum intersection angle and sample volume prediction method for realizing high-precision attitude distribution estimation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, sampling joints in the rock mass, and measuring the attitude of the joints to obtain one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement samples; simultaneously measuring the dip direction and dip angle of the survey line or borehole for sampling joints;

s2, counting the capacity of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample, calculating by using the capacities of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample and the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample in S1 to obtain a Fisher constant of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample, and calculating to obtain an included angle between a measuring line or a drilling hole and a dominant joint;

s3, calculating by using the capacity of the measured sample of the one-dimensional joint attitude and the Fisher constant to obtain the minimum intersection angle capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation; and calculating the minimum sample capacity capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation by utilizing the Fisher constant, the measuring line or the included angle between the drill hole and the dominant joint of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample.

2. The method for predicting the minimum intersection angle and the sample volume to achieve high-precision attitude distribution estimation according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the sampling process for the joints on the outcrop surface of the rock mass is as follows: laying a measuring line or a plurality of measuring lines with the same direction on the flat part of the outcrop surface, and measuring the attitude of the joint intersected with the measuring line by adopting a mechanical geological compass or an electronic geological compass so as to obtain a one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample; meanwhile, a geological compass is adopted to measure the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the measuring line.

3. The method for predicting the minimum intersection angle and the sample volume to achieve high-precision attitude distribution estimation according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the sampling process for the joints at the rock mass borehole is as follows: shooting a joint image at a straight section of a drilling hole, processing the image to obtain the joint attitude, and further obtaining a one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample; at the same time, the inclination and inclination angle of the borehole are measured.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the Fisher constant of the one-dimensional measured attitude sample is calculated by the following formula:

wherein κ is a Fisher constant, n is the volume of the one-dimensional joint symptom actually measured sample, α_iTendency to the ith measured joint, β_iThe inclination angle of the ith measured joint.

5. The method for predicting the minimum intersection angle and the sample volume for achieving high-precision attitude distribution estimation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the calculation process of the included angle between the survey line or the borehole and the dominance joint is as follows:

step S201, calculating the occurrence of the dominant joints, wherein the occurrence of the dominant joints comprises an average tendency and an average dip angle, and the calculation formula of the average tendency is as follows:

the average tilt angle is calculated as:

in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,

step S202, calculating an included angle between the survey line or the drill hole and the advantageous joint by using the average inclination and the average inclination angle and the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the survey line or the drill hole, wherein the calculation formula of the included angle is as follows:

in the formula, theta is an included angle between the survey line or the drill hole and the dominant joint, psi is a leaning direction of the survey line or the drill hole, and zeta is a leaning angle of the survey line or the drill hole.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the calculation formula of the minimum intersection angle and the sample volume for achieving high-precision attitude distribution estimation in three-dimensional joints is:

in the formula, Minimum θ' is a Minimum intersection angle capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation, κ is a Fisher constant, and n is the capacity of a one-dimensional joint occurrence actual measurement sample;

the calculation formula of the minimum sample capacity capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation is as follows:

in the formula, Minimum n' is the Minimum sample volume capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation, kappa is a Fisher constant, and theta is an included angle between a measuring line or a drill hole and a dominant joint.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of rock mechanics and engineering geology, in particular to a minimum intersection angle and sample volume prediction method for realizing high-precision occurrence distribution estimation.

Background

In recent years, mineral resource exploitation, energy development, environmental protection, traffic construction and urbanization, particularly rare metal mine excavation, oil and gas underground exploitation, underground pollutant treatment, greenhouse gas underground storage, geothermal engineering construction and the construction of large-scale infrastructures such as roads, railways, bridges, airports, dams, wind power foundations, high-rise buildings and the like, relate to underground rock engineering. The rock mass comprises a number of intricate joints. The physical and mechanical properties of rock mass, which are influenced by the spatial properties of the rock mass joints, are factors that must be considered in the analysis, evaluation and design of underground rock mass engineering. Therefore, only by correctly estimating the joint space property of the rock mass in engineering design, the engineering effectiveness can be ensured, the engineering safety is ensured, and the economic and reasonable design purpose is achieved.

Joints in rock masses have the characteristics of randomness, form diversity and space combination complexity, and direct measurement of the three-dimensional geometrical properties of the joints in the rock masses cannot be realized due to the limitation of the current measurement means. The existing effective method is to acquire one-dimensional or two-dimensional geometric information according to the limited natural outcrop, drilling or artificial excavation surface on site to obtain the three-dimensional distribution condition of rock mass joint complying with the distribution rules. And after the three-dimensional distribution is obtained, a three-dimensional joint model is obtained by adopting joint network simulation, so that the rock engineering design is served.

The most common data acquisition methods at present mainly include a one-dimensional line measurement method and a two-dimensional window method. One-dimensional line measurement is to lay out a line on the outcrop and measure the joint parameters intersecting it. The two-dimensional window method is to select a window with a limited size on a two-dimensional outcrop and measure parameters of joints in the window. In actual engineering, joint data acquisition based on a one-dimensional line measurement method and a two-dimensional window method can be carried out in a natural outcrop, a tunnel or a footrill, and can also be carried out by means of a drill core, and means such as a drilling camera technology, a geophysical well logging and the like can also be used for supplementing the joint data. In recent years, with the rapid development of measurement technology, semi-automatic joint data acquisition methods such as a total station method, a photogrammetry method, a three-dimensional laser scanner and the like have attracted attention and are applied to actual engineering.

The joint geometry elements include center point position, size, gap width, attitude (which may be represented by a combination of dip and dip), and the like. In terms of occurrence, the predecessors proposed various methods for estimating three-dimensional occurrence distribution by measuring the occurrence distribution in one dimension, such as the foucault dimension method. The accuracy of the estimation of the three-dimensional fractal distribution obtained by the Fouch-rise dimension method may be affected by 2 factors:

(a) the intersection angle of the survey line (or borehole) with the dominant joint (i.e., the joint with average attitude),

(b) and measuring the capacity of the attitude sample in one dimension.

How to obtain a high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation is a meaningful task. As previously mentioned, accuracy may be affected by the intersection angle and the sample volume 2 factors. Therefore, it is of practical value to predict the minimum intersection angle and the minimum sample volume for producing a high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimate. Currently, there is no fast method that can predict the minimum intersection angle and the minimum sample volume, necessitating the development of such a fast method.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides an empirical prediction method for minimum intersection angle and minimum sample volume for achieving high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation.

The invention provides an empirical prediction method for realizing minimum intersection angle and minimum sample capacity of high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation, which comprises the following steps of:

step S1, sampling joints in the rock mass, measuring the attitude of the joints and obtaining one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement samples; the attitude includes inclination and dip; simultaneously measuring the dip direction and dip angle of the survey line or borehole for sampling joints;

step S2, counting the capacity of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample, calculating by using the capacities of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample and the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample in the step S1 to obtain a Fisher constant of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample, and calculating to obtain an included angle between a measuring line or a drilling hole and a dominant joint;

step S3, calculating by using the capacity of the measured sample of the one-dimensional joint attitude and a Fisher constant to obtain a minimum intersection angle capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation; and calculating the minimum sample capacity capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation by utilizing the Fisher constant, the measuring line or the included angle between the drill hole and the dominant joint of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample.

Further, in step S1, the sampling process for the joint on the outcrop surface of the rock mass is as follows: laying a measuring line or a plurality of measuring lines with the same direction on the flat part of the outcrop surface, and measuring the attitude of the joint intersected with the measuring line by adopting a mechanical geological compass or an electronic geological compass so as to obtain a one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample; meanwhile, a geological compass is adopted to measure the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the measuring line.

Further, in step S1, the sampling process for the joints at the rock mass borehole is as follows: shooting joint images in a straight section of a drilling hole by adopting a camera shooting technology, and then processing image data indoors to obtain the attitude of the joint, thereby obtaining a one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample; at the same time, the inclination and inclination angle of the borehole are measured.

Further, in step S2, the calculation formula of the Fisher constant of the one-dimensional measured attitude is as follows:

wherein κ is a Fisher constant, n is the volume of the one-dimensional joint symptom actually measured sample, α_iTendency to the ith measured joint, β_iThe inclination angle of the ith measured joint is; the k value ranges from 0 to infinity, where k-0 represents a uniform distribution of the specie in all directions in space, and a larger k represents a more concentrated distribution of the specie.

Further, in step S2, the calculation process of the included angle between the survey line or the drill hole and the dominant joint is as follows:

step S201, calculating the occurrence of the dominant joints, wherein the occurrence of the dominant joints comprises an average tendency and an average dip angle, and the calculation formula of the average tendency is as follows:

the average tilt angle is calculated as:

in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,in order to be an average tendency,

as the average tilt angle, n is the volume of one-dimensional joint attitude measurement sample, α_iTendency to the ith measured joint, β_iThe inclination angle of the ith measured joint is;

step S202, calculating an included angle between the survey line or the drill hole and the advantageous joint by using the average inclination and the average inclination angle and the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the survey line or the drill hole, wherein the calculation formula of the included angle is as follows:

in the formula, theta is an included angle between the survey line or the drill hole and the dominant joint, psi is a leaning direction of the survey line or the drill hole, and zeta is a leaning angle of the survey line or the drill hole.

Further, in step S3, the calculation formula of the minimum intersection angle that can realize high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation is:

in the formula, Minimum θ' is a Minimum intersection angle capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation, κ is a Fisher constant, and n is the capacity of a one-dimensional joint occurrence actual measurement sample;

the calculation formula of the minimum sample capacity capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation is as follows:

in the formula, Minimum n' is the Minimum sample volume capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation, kappa is a Fisher constant, and theta is an included angle between a measuring line or a drill hole and a dominant joint.

The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method provided by the invention can predict the minimum intersection angle and the minimum sample capacity for generating high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation, so that the prediction becomes possible, and the method is beneficial to the relevant research of joints;

2. the method provided by the invention does not need strict assumed conditions, requires fewer parameters, is simple and quick and is beneficial to popularization;

3. for the case of a large included angle or a large sample (i.e. a large sample capacity), the prediction method provided by the invention can obtain an accurate result.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting minimum intersection angle and sample volume for high-precision occurrence distribution estimation according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a line sampling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the camber and camber of a line in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides an empirical prediction method for realizing a minimum intersection angle and a minimum sample capacity of high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:

step S1, sampling a one-dimensional production site: sampling joints in the rock mass, and measuring the attitude of the joints to obtain one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement samples; the attitude includes inclination and dip;

the attitude is the spatial direction of the joint, and different measurement methods are adopted for different sampling conditions.

For the exposed surface, laying a measuring line or a plurality of measuring lines with the same direction on the flat part, and measuring the attitude of the joint intersected with the measuring line by adopting a mechanical geological compass or an electronic geological compass so as to obtain a one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample; meanwhile, a geological compass is adopted to measure the inclination direction and the inclination angle of the measuring line.

Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment, the wedge represents a rock body 1, the upper end surface of the rock body 1 is a vegetation coverage surface 2, the right side surface of the rock body 1 is a weathered surface 3, the front surface of the rock body 1 is a fresh exposed surface 4, oblique lines represent a measuring line 5, and a line segment intersecting the measuring line 5 in the fresh exposed surface 4 is a joint trace 6.

The method comprises the steps that a vegetation coverage surface 2, a weathered surface 3 and a fresh exposed surface 4 exist in a rock body 1, only the fresh exposed surface 4 is selected, one or more measuring lines 5 with consistent directions are arranged on the fresh exposed surface 4, a mechanical or electronic geological compass is adopted to measure the inclination direction psi and the inclination angle zeta of the measuring line 5, and a first vector 51 is a direction vector of the measuring line 5 pointing to the ground as shown in figure 3; the second vector 52 is a horizontal component of the first vector 51; the third vector 8 is a north line, and the first angle 53 is an inclination angle ζ of the line 5, i.e., an angle between the first vector 51 and the second vector 52; second angle 54 is the inclination ψ of line 5, i.e. the angle through which third vector 8 has been rotated clockwise to second vector 52.

For a drilling hole, arranging a camera at a straight section, shooting by using the camera to obtain an image of a hole wall rock mass, identifying joints through image processing indoors, and then obtaining the attitude of the joints through data processing, thereby obtaining a one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample; at the same time, the inclination and inclination angle of the borehole are measured.

Step S2, the capacity of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample is counted, then the Fisher constant of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample is obtained by utilizing the capacity of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample and the capacity of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample, and the included angle between the measuring line or the drill hole and the dominant joint is obtained by calculation.

In step S2, the calculation formula of the Fisher constant of the one-dimensional measured attitude of joint is:

wherein κ is a Fisher constant, n is the volume of the one-dimensional joint symptom actually measured sample, α_iTendency to the ith measured joint, β_iThe inclination angle of the ith measured joint is; the k value ranges from 0 to infinity, where k-0 represents a uniform distribution of the specie in all directions in space, and a larger k represents a more concentrated distribution of the specie.

In step S2, the calculation process of the included angle between the survey line or the drill hole and the dominance joint is:

step S201, calculating the occurrence of the dominant joints, wherein the occurrence of the dominant joints comprises an average tendency and an average dip angle, and the average tendency

The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

mean angle of inclination

The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

wherein n is the volume of the one-dimensional measured attitude sample, α_iTendency to the ith measured joint, β_iThe inclination angle of the ith measured joint is;

step S202, utilizing the average tendencyMean angle of inclination

Calculating an included angle theta between the survey line or the drill hole and the advantageous joint according to the inclination direction psi and the inclination angle zeta of the survey line or the drill hole, wherein the calculation formula of the included angle theta is：

Step S3, calculating by using the capacity of the measured sample of the one-dimensional joint attitude and a Fisher constant to obtain a minimum intersection angle capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation; and calculating the minimum sample capacity capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint attitude distribution estimation by utilizing the Fisher constant, the measuring line or the included angle between the drill hole and the dominant joint of the one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample.

In step S3, the calculation formula of the Minimum intersection angle Minimum θ' that can realize the high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation is:

in the formula, k is a Fisher constant, and n is the capacity of a one-dimensional joint attitude actual measurement sample;

the calculation formula of the Minimum sample capacity Minimum n' capable of realizing high-precision three-dimensional joint occurrence distribution estimation is as follows:

in the formula, k is a Fisher constant, and theta is an included angle between a measuring line or a drilling hole and a dominant joint.

The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.