阅读说明：本技术 机身共形相控阵天线 (Fuselage conformal phased-array antenna ) 是由 李艺萍 于 2019-11-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种机身共形相控阵天线,包括天线基体和设置于天线基体的多个天线阵列单元,天线基体包括金属化层和介质层,天线阵列单元包括馈电点、辐射缝隙、波导侧壁金属化通孔和幅相调配金属化通孔,波导侧壁金属化通孔围设在辐射缝隙四周,幅相调配金属化通孔位于波导侧壁金属化通孔和辐射缝隙之间并贯穿上金属化层和下金属化层,波导侧壁金属化通孔和幅相调配金属化通孔用于调节辐射缝隙的电参数。本发明提供的机身共形相控阵天线通过调整波导侧壁金属化通孔与幅相调配金属化通孔的位置,可对每个辐射缝隙的电参数进行调节,实现天线口面幅度调节与相位控制,弥补机身共形相控阵天线受机身弯曲影响带来的幅度相位误差,实现天线低副瓣性能。(The invention provides a conformal phased-array antenna of a fuselage, which comprises an antenna substrate and a plurality of antenna array units arranged on the antenna substrate, wherein the antenna substrate comprises a metallization layer and a dielectric layer, each antenna array unit comprises a feed point, a radiation gap, a waveguide side wall metallization through hole and an amplitude-phase matching metallization through hole, the waveguide side wall metallization through holes are arranged around the radiation gap in a surrounding manner, the amplitude-phase matching metallization through holes are positioned between the waveguide side wall metallization through holes and the radiation gap and penetrate through an upper metallization layer and a lower metallization layer, and the waveguide side wall metallization through holes and the amplitude-phase matching metallization through holes are used for adjusting electrical parameters of the radiation gap. The conformal phased-array antenna of the body provided by the invention can adjust the electrical parameters of each radiation gap by adjusting the positions of the metalized through holes on the side wall of the waveguide and the amplitude-phase adjusting metalized through holes, so that the amplitude adjustment and phase control of the aperture surface of the antenna are realized, the amplitude phase error caused by the bending influence of the body of the conformal phased-array antenna of the body is compensated, and the low-side-lobe performance of the antenna is realized.)

1. A conformal phased array antenna of a fuselage, characterized in that: the antenna comprises an antenna base body and a plurality of antenna array units arranged on the antenna base body, wherein the antenna base body comprises a metallization layer and a dielectric layer, the metallization layer comprises an upper metallization layer and a lower metallization layer, the dielectric layer is positioned between the upper metallization layer and the lower metallization layer, the antenna array units comprise a feed point, a radiation gap, a waveguide side wall metallization through hole and an amplitude matching metallization through hole, the feed point is arranged on the metallization layer, the radiation gap is arranged on the metallization layer, the waveguide side wall metallization through hole penetrates through the upper metallization layer and the lower metallization layer, the waveguide side wall metallization through hole is arranged around the radiation gap in a surrounding manner, the amplitude matching metallization through hole is positioned between the waveguide side wall metallization through hole and the radiation gap and penetrates through the upper metallization layer and the lower metallization layer, the waveguide side wall metalized through hole and the amplitude phase matching metalized through hole are used for adjusting the electrical parameters of the radiation gap.

2. The fuselage conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the waveguide side wall metalized through holes are used for adjusting the radiation phase of the radiation gap, and the amplitude and phase adjusting metalized through holes are used for adjusting the radiation amplitude and phase of the radiation gap.

3. The fuselage conformal phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein: the single antenna array unit comprises a plurality of radiation gaps, waveguide side wall metalized through holes are arranged around the plurality of radiation gaps in a surrounding mode, a first waveguide side wall metalized through hole is arranged on one side of each radiation gap in a plurality of surrounding modes, and a second waveguide side wall metalized through hole is arranged on the other side of each radiation gap in a plurality of surrounding modes.

4. The fuselage conformal phased array antenna of claim 3, wherein: the method for adjusting the radiation phase of the radiation slot by the waveguide sidewall metalized through hole comprises the step of adjusting the radiation phase of the radiation slot by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide sidewall metalized through hole and the second waveguide sidewall metalized through hole which are opposite.

5. The fuselage conformal phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein: the method for adjusting the radiation amplitude and the phase of the radiation gap by the amplitude-phase adjustment metalized through hole comprises the step of adjusting the radiation amplitude and the phase of the radiation gap by adjusting a specific position point of the amplitude-phase metalized through hole between the waveguide side wall metalized through hole and the radiation gap.

6. The fuselage conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the middle part of one side of the antenna substrate is inwards sunken to form a groove.

7. The fuselage conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the conformal phased-array antenna of the fuselage further comprises a decoupling structure, wherein the decoupling structure is arranged between two adjacent antenna array units and is used for reducing the coupling between the two adjacent antenna array units.

8. The fuselage conformal phased array antenna of claim 7, wherein: the decoupling structure comprises a plurality of local opening square-shaped structures, each local opening square-shaped structure comprises an outer opening square outer frame structure and an inner opening square inner frame structure, and the opening sizes of the outer opening square outer frame structure and the inner opening square inner frame structure can be adjusted according to the resonance frequency of the phased array antenna of the body.

9. The fuselage conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the conformal phased array antenna of the machine body is 0.8-1.2 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of phased array antennas, in particular to a conformal phased array antenna of a fuselage.

Background

In order to increase the antenna gain of equipment such as airborne radar and communication, a larger antenna aperture is required. However, the large-aperture antenna is installed on the platform of the aircraft in a contradiction, the space of the aircraft nose is limited, and the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft is affected when the aircraft is carried on the back of the aircraft. Therefore, a better solution is to blend the antenna and the body together, i.e. to mount the antenna conformally on the surface of the body, thus forming a non-planar conformal antenna. The technology does not damage the appearance structure, the aerodynamics and other characteristics of the airplane, has little influence on the flight of the airplane, and has much smaller influence on the electromagnetic characteristics of the airplane compared with the traditional method. The conformal antenna has good anti-interference characteristic, good signal and far detection range, and can well enlarge the detection range. Due to the structural limitation of the body, the bending degrees of the conformal antenna at different positions of the body are different, the existing conformal antenna is influenced by the bending of the body, and the radiation amplitude and the phase generate errors, so that the pointing deviation of a wave beam of the conformal antenna on a pitching surface and the level of a side lobe are deteriorated.

Therefore, there is a need for a fuselage conformal antenna that enables a uniform and low sidelobe level of pitch-up beam pointing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a conformal phased array antenna of a body, which can realize the unification of pitching plane beam pointing and low sidelobe level.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a conformal phased-array antenna for a fuselage, including an antenna base and a plurality of antenna array units disposed on the antenna base, wherein the antenna base includes a metallization layer and a dielectric layer, the metallization layer includes an upper metallization layer and a lower metallization layer, the dielectric layer is disposed between the upper metallization layer and the lower metallization layer, the antenna array units include a feeding point, a radiation slot, a waveguide sidewall metallization via hole and an amplitude matching metallization via hole, the feeding point is disposed on the metallization layer, the radiation slot is disposed on the metallization layer, the waveguide sidewall metallization via hole penetrates through the upper metallization layer and the lower metallization layer, the waveguide sidewall metallization via hole is disposed around the radiation slot, the amplitude matching metallization via hole is disposed between the waveguide sidewall metallization via hole and the radiation slot and penetrates through the upper metallization layer and the lower metallization layer, the waveguide side wall metalized through hole and the amplitude phase matching metalized through hole are used for adjusting the electrical parameters of the radiation gap.

Preferably, the waveguide side wall metallized through hole is used for adjusting the radiation phase of the radiation slot, and the amplitude-phase adjusting metallized through hole is used for adjusting the radiation amplitude and phase of the radiation slot.

Preferably, the single antenna array unit includes a plurality of radiation slots, the waveguide sidewall metalized through holes are arranged around the plurality of radiation slots, a first waveguide sidewall metalized through hole is located on one side of the plurality of radiation slots, a second waveguide sidewall metalized through hole is located on the other side of the plurality of radiation slots, and the method for adjusting the radiation phase of the radiation slots by the waveguide sidewall metalized through holes includes adjusting the radiation phase of the radiation slots by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide sidewall metalized through hole and the second waveguide sidewall metalized through hole which are opposite to each other.

Preferably, the method for adjusting the radiation amplitude and phase of the radiation slot by the amplitude-phase-matching metalized through hole comprises the step of adjusting the radiation amplitude and phase of the radiation slot by adjusting a specific position point of the amplitude-phase metalized through hole between the waveguide side wall metalized through hole and the radiation slot.

Preferably, the middle part of one side of the antenna base body is inwards sunken to form a groove.

Preferably, the fuselage conformal phased-array antenna further includes a decoupling structure disposed between two adjacent antenna array units, and the decoupling structure is configured to reduce coupling between two adjacent antenna array units.

Preferably, the decoupling structure includes a plurality of local opening square-shaped structures, each of the local opening square-shaped structures includes an outer opening square outer frame structure and an inner opening square inner frame structure, and the opening sizes of the outer opening square outer frame structure and the inner opening square inner frame structure can be adjusted according to the resonant frequency of the body phased array antenna.

Preferably, the thickness of the conformal phased array antenna of the body is 0.8-1.2 mm.

Compared with the prior art, the conformal phased-array antenna of the fuselage provided by the invention comprises an antenna substrate and a plurality of antenna array units arranged on the antenna substrate, wherein each antenna array unit comprises a feed point, a radiation gap, a waveguide side wall metal hole and an amplitude-phase modulation metalized through hole, the feed point is the position where an electromagnetic signal is fed into the conformal phased-array antenna of the fuselage, after the electromagnetic signal enters the antenna, the metalized layer, the waveguide side wall metalized through hole and a dielectric layer bind electromagnetic energy inside a substrate integrated waveguide so that the electromagnetic energy propagates forwards along the substrate integrated waveguide, in the propagation process, the electromagnetic energy is radiated through the radiation gap and then synthesized in space to form an antenna beam, and by adjusting the positions of the waveguide side wall metalized through hole and the amplitude-phase modulation metalized through hole, the electrical parameters of each radiation gap can be adjusted, so that the amplitude adjustment and the phase control of the antenna aperture are realized, make up the range phase error that the conformal phased array antenna of fuselage is influenced by the fuselage bending and bring, realize the low side lobe performance of antenna.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a state diagram of a body conformal phased array antenna mounted to a body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conformal phased array antenna for a body according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide sidewall metalized via structure for a conformal phased-array antenna for a fuselage in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a decoupling structure for a body conformal phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 6 is a graph illustrating the variation of the isolation between adjacent antenna array elements before and after adding a decoupling structure to a conformal phased array antenna;

FIG. 7 is an azimuthal plane pattern of a conformal phased array antenna for a fuselage in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a pitch plane pattern of a conformal phased array antenna for a fuselage in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

Description of the symbols:

the antenna comprises a body conformal phased-array antenna 10, an antenna substrate 100, a metallization layer 110, an upper metallization layer 111, a lower metallization layer 112, a dielectric layer 120, a groove 130, an antenna array unit 200, a feed point 210, a radiation slot 220, a waveguide side wall metallization through hole 230, a first waveguide side wall metallization through hole 231, a second waveguide side wall metallization through hole 232, an amplitude-phase modulation metallization through hole 240, a decoupling structure 300, a local opening zigzag structure 310, an outer opening square outer frame structure 311, an inner opening square inner frame structure 312, and a body 20

Detailed Description

To better illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following implementation methods are further illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the conformal phased array antenna 10 provided by the present invention is installed on one side of the body 20, but two conformal phased array antennas 10 may be symmetrically installed on two sides of the body 20. The conformal phased-array antenna 10 comprises an antenna substrate 100 and a plurality of antenna array units 200 arranged on the antenna substrate 100, wherein the antenna substrate 100 comprises a metallization layer 110 and a dielectric layer 120, the metallization layer 110 comprises an upper metallization layer 111 and a lower metallization layer 112, the dielectric layer 120 is arranged between the upper metallization layer 111 and the lower metallization layer 112, the antenna array units 200 comprise a feed point 210, a radiation slot 220, a waveguide side wall metallization through hole 230 and an amplitude matching metallization through hole 240, the feed point 210 is arranged on the metallization layer 110, the radiation slot 220 is arranged on the metallization layer 110, the waveguide side wall metallization through hole 230 penetrates through the upper metallization layer 111 and the lower metallization layer 112, the waveguide side wall metallization through hole 230 is arranged around the radiation slot 220, the amplitude matching metallization through hole 240 is arranged between the waveguide side wall metallization through hole 230 and the radiation slot 220 and penetrates through the upper metallization layer 111 and the lower metallization layer 112, the waveguide sidewall metallization via 230 and the amplitude and phase matching metallization via 240 are used to adjust the electrical parameters of the radiating slot 220. The waveguide sidewall metallization via 230 is used to adjust the radiation phase of the radiation slot 220, and the amplitude and phase adjustment metallization via 240 is used to adjust the radiation amplitude and phase of the radiation slot 220. The feed point 210 is a position where an electromagnetic signal is fed into the body conformal phased-array antenna 10, after the electromagnetic signal enters the antenna, the metallization layer 110, the waveguide side wall metallization through hole 230, and the dielectric layer 120 bind electromagnetic energy inside the substrate integrated waveguide, so that the electromagnetic energy is propagated forward along the substrate integrated waveguide, in the propagation process, the electromagnetic energy is spatially synthesized after being radiated through the radiation slots 220, an antenna beam is formed, by adjusting the positions of the waveguide side wall metallization through hole 230 and the amplitude matching metallization through hole 240, the electrical parameters of each radiation slot 220 can be adjusted, the amplitude adjustment and the phase control of the antenna aperture are realized, the amplitude phase error caused by the bending influence of the body 20 on the body conformal phased-array antenna 10 is compensated, and the low-side-lobe performance of the antenna is realized.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, a single antenna array unit 200 includes a plurality of radiation slots 220, waveguide sidewall metallization vias 230 are disposed around the plurality of radiation slots 220, a first waveguide sidewall metallization via 231 is disposed on one side of the plurality of radiation slots 220, and a second waveguide sidewall metallization via 232 is disposed on the other side of the plurality of radiation slots 220, and the method for adjusting the radiation phase of the radiation slots 220 by the waveguide sidewall metallization vias 230 includes adjusting the radiation phase of the radiation slots 220 by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide sidewall metallization via 231 and the second waveguide sidewall metallization via 232. Specifically, the wavelength of the substrate integrated waveguide medium is changed by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide sidewall metalized through hole 231 and the second waveguide sidewall metalized through hole 232 according to the deformation of the radiation slot 220 at different positions of the body, so as to adjust the phase of the radiation slot 220. The method for adjusting the radiation amplitude and phase of the radiation slot 220 by the amplitude-phase-matching metalized through hole 240 comprises adjusting the radiation amplitude and phase of the radiation slot 220 by adjusting a specific position point of the amplitude-phase-matching metalized through hole 240 between the waveguide sidewall metalized through hole 230 and the radiation slot 220. The amplitude and phase adjustment metalized through holes 240 affect the amplitude and phase distribution of the radiation slots 220 by disturbing the field distribution around the radiation slots 220, and the amplitude and phase adjustment metalized through holes 240 are flexible in position and large in adjustable freedom, and can be finely adjusted according to the requirement of each radiation slot 220 on the amplitude and phase.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the middle portion of one side of the antenna substrate 100 is recessed inward to form a groove 130, the conformal phased array antenna 10 is arranged close to the airplane body 20, the shape of the antenna is conformal to the airplane body 20, aerodynamic characteristics of the airplane are not affected, the antenna is shielded by wings, the middle portion of the conformal phased array antenna 10 is missing, and the groove 130 is recessed inward.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the body conformal phased-array antenna 10 further includes a decoupling structure 300, the decoupling structure 300 is disposed between two adjacent antenna array units 200, and the decoupling structure 300 is used for reducing coupling between two adjacent antenna array units 200, so as to reduce an active standing-wave ratio of the body conformal phased-array antenna 10 during large-angle scanning of an azimuth plane and improve overall electrical performance of the antenna, as shown in fig. 6, by adding the decoupling structure 300, the isolation between two adjacent antenna array units 200 is improved by about 10dB, and coupling between two adjacent antenna array units 200 is significantly reduced. The decoupling structure 300 comprises a plurality of partially open loop structures 310, the partially open loop structures 310 include an outer open square frame structure 311 and an inner open square frame structure 312, and the sizes of the openings of the outer open square frame structure 311 and the inner open square frame structure 312 can be adjusted according to the resonance frequency of the body phased array antenna.

When present antenna and fuselage are conformal, the antenna array shape can change, and fuselage azimuth plane radian is limited, and antenna deformation is less, and electrical performance is not influenced basically, and fuselage every single move face radian is great, and each radiation gap 220 can form the phase difference in the space after the deformation, can lead to directional change of wave beam and vice lobe to worsen. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, in the conformal phased-array antenna 10 of the body provided by the invention, the positions of the metallized through holes 240 are adjusted in phase and in the spacing of the metallized through holes 230 on the side walls of the waveguides at different radiation slots 220, so that the phases of the metallized through holes are advanced or delayed, the equiphase radiation of a conformal back wavefront is ensured, a decoupling structure 300 is added, the coupling of adjacent antenna array units 200 is reduced, the active standing wave of the phased-array antenna is reduced, and the sidelobe level of the azimuth surface is less than or equal to-25 dB when scanning within the range of +/-45 degrees. In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the azimuth plane beam coverage of the conformal phased array antenna 10 of the fuselage is-45 ° to-45 °, and the normal side lobe level is less than or equal to-25 dB, as shown in fig. 8, in the elevation plane pattern of the conformal phased array antenna 10 of the fuselage, the beam is directed in the normal direction, and the side lobe level is less than or equal to-20 dB.

In summary, the conformal phased-array antenna 10 provided by the present invention includes an antenna substrate 100 and a plurality of antenna array units 200 disposed on the antenna substrate 100, where the antenna array units 200 include a feeding point 210, a radiation slot 220, a waveguide sidewall metal hole and an amplitude matching metalized through hole 240, the feeding point 210 is a position where an electromagnetic signal is fed into the conformal phased-array antenna 10, after the electromagnetic signal enters the antenna, the metalized layer 110, the waveguide sidewall metalized through hole 230, and the dielectric layer 120 confine electromagnetic energy inside the substrate integrated waveguide, so that the electromagnetic energy propagates forward along the substrate integrated waveguide, and in the propagation process, the electromagnetic energy is radiated through the radiation slot 220 and then spatially synthesized to form an antenna beam, and by adjusting the positions of the waveguide sidewall metalized through hole 230 and the amplitude matching through hole 240, the electrical parameters of each radiation slot 220 can be adjusted, so as to implement amplitude adjustment and phase control of the antenna aperture, make up the range phase error that the conformal phased array antenna of fuselage 10 is influenced by fuselage 20 bending and bring, realize the low side lobe performance of antenna.

The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.