阅读说明：本技术 一种作物增产组合物及甘薯的种植方法 (Crop yield increasing composition and sweet potato planting method ) 是由 王丹 马艳 姜伟丽 宋贤鹏 马亚杰 任相亮 胡红岩 马小艳 于 2019-11-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及甘薯种植技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种作物增产组合物及甘薯的种植方法。所述作物增产组合物,包括如下组分：植物生长调节剂A、植物生长调节剂B和杀菌剂；所述植物生长调节剂A为烯效唑；所述植物生长调节剂B选自氯化胆碱、胺鲜酯、芸苔素内酯和萘乙酸中的至少一种；所述杀菌剂选自丙环唑和/或戊唑醇。本发明中特定组分的作物增产组合物,可在控旺的同时促进甘薯地下块根块茎的生长,进而提高甘薯产量。(The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato planting, in particular to a crop yield-increasing composition and a sweet potato planting method. The crop yield increasing composition comprises the following components: a plant growth regulator A, a plant growth regulator B and a bactericide; the plant growth regulator A is uniconazole; the plant growth regulator B is at least one selected from choline chloride, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid; the bactericide is selected from propiconazole and/or tebuconazole. The crop yield increasing composition with specific components can promote the growth of underground root tuber and tuber of sweet potato while controlling vigorous growth, thereby improving the yield of sweet potato.)

1. The crop yield increasing composition is characterized by comprising the following components:

a plant growth regulator A, a plant growth regulator B and a bactericide;

the plant growth regulator A is uniconazole;

the plant growth regulator B is at least one selected from choline chloride, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid;

the bactericide is selected from propiconazole and/or tebuconazole.

2. The crop yield increasing composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the plant growth regulator A to the plant growth regulator B to the bactericide is 1:2 to 10:1.25 to 6.25;

preferably, the mass ratio of the plant growth regulator A to the plant growth regulator B to the bactericide is 1: 4 to 8: 3.25 to 4.25;

more preferably, the mass ratio of the plant growth regulator A to the plant growth regulator B to the bactericide is 1:6: 3.75;

preferably, the stimulation composition also includes water.

3. A method for planting sweet potatoes, which is characterized in that the crop yield-increasing composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is sprayed on the sweet potato in a tuber-forming period and a tuber-expanding period respectively.

4. The planting method of sweet potatoes according to claim 3, wherein the spraying amount of the crop yield increasing composition in the tuber forming period and the tuber expanding period of the sweet potatoes is 1.8-2.5 g/mu in terms of uniconazole.

5. The sweet potato planting method according to claim 3, comprising the step of growing sweet potato seedlings, wherein the temperature of the sweet potato seedlings at the initial stage is 30-31 ℃, the temperature after seedling emergence is controlled at 26-27 ℃, and the temperature is reduced to 18-22 ℃ for hardening seedlings 5-7 days before planting.

6. The sweet potato growing method according to claim 3, comprising cultivating land and applying fertilizer;

preferably, the depth of the farmland is 26-30 cm;

preferably, the ridge distance is 70-80 cm, and the ridge height is 18-22 cm.

7. The planting method of sweet potatoes according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300-380 parts of organic fertilizer, 15-18 parts of diammonium phosphate, 11-15 parts of urea and 20-25 parts of potassium phosphate;

preferably, the application amount of the fertilizer per mu of land is 30-40 kg.

8. The sweet potato planting method according to claim 7, wherein the fertilizer is applied by mass percentage to 40-50% at the bottom after deep ploughing and 50-60% at the surface of the soil during ridging;

preferably, 2.8-3.2 kg of insecticide is applied per acre of land during the fertilization period;

more preferably, the insecticide comprises toxixine granules.

9. The sweet potato planting method according to claim 3, comprising planting sweet potato seedlings with a planting density of 3800-4300 plants/acre;

preferably, the sweet potato is planted in at least one of horizontal planting, straight planting and oblique planting.

10. The method for growing sweet potatoes according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the sweet potato variety comprises commercial potato 19.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato planting, in particular to a crop yield-increasing composition and a sweet potato planting method.

Background

At present, the sweet potato (sweet potato) has the outstanding problems in the actual production that the growth is over-vigorous, the stem and tendrils are easy to overgrow, and the adventitious roots are formed between the rows, so that the loss of the nutrient substances caused by ineffective transportation is caused, and the yield and the quality of the sweet potato are further influenced. Sweet potato vine control mainly comprises various methods such as artificial vine cutting, vine lifting, vine turning and plant growth regulator spraying, and the plant growth regulator spraying is the most convenient, rapid and efficient method and is generally accepted and used by farmers in agricultural production practice. At present, the plant growth regulators found in sweet potato vine control are mainly mepiquat chloride and paclobutrazol.

Although the mepiquat chloride is registered by existing pesticide manufacturers, the mepiquat chloride has a general regulation and control effect, slow action and more use times, so that the mepiquat chloride is not popularized and applied in a large area, and the used main paclobutrazol is more paclobutrazol, but the paclobutrazol has a plurality of defects in the application process, firstly, the residual period of the paclobutrazol is very long, the residual period in soil can reach more than 2 years, the continuous use of the paclobutrazol not only influences the growth of the following crops, but also can cause the overproof of agricultural product pesticide residue; secondly, the spraying of the paclobutrazol can only control the growth of the main tendrils and the side branch growing points, but can not inhibit the growth of adventitious roots of stems and tendrils, and has no obvious effect on the yield increase of the sweet potatoes.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a crop yield increasing composition, which comprises the following components:

a plant growth regulator A, a plant growth regulator B and a bactericide;

the plant growth regulator A is uniconazole;

the plant growth regulator B is at least one selected from choline chloride, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid;

the bactericide is selected from propiconazole and/or tebuconazole.

The invention adopts the mutual matching of the plant growth regulator A (uniconazole), the bactericide (propiconazole and/or tebuconazole) and the plant growth regulator B (at least one of choline chloride, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid), can promote the growth of the underground root tuber of the sweet potato while controlling vigorous growth, and further improves the yield of the sweet potato.

According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also relates to a sweet potato planting method, wherein the crop yield-increasing composition is sprayed in the tuber forming period and the tuber expanding period of the sweet potato respectively.

The invention can obviously inhibit the growth of the stem and tendril of the sweet potato and the growth of the adventitious root by respectively spraying the crop yield-increasing composition at a specific period (a tuber forming period and a tuber expanding period), and has obvious synergistic effect.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention adopts the mutual matching of the plant growth regulator A (uniconazole), the bactericide (propiconazole and/or tebuconazole) and the plant growth regulator B (at least one of choline chloride, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid), can obviously inhibit the growth of stem vines and adventitious roots of sweet potatoes, has obvious synergistic effect compared with the single use of the uniconazole, increases the number of branches at the base part and the stem thickness, makes the stems thick and strong, increases the number of single-plant tuber bearing and the single-potato weight, obviously improves the big and medium potato rates and reduces the small potato rate.

(2) According to the planting method of the sweet potatoes, the crop yield-increasing composition is respectively sprayed in the tuber forming period and the tuber expanding period of the sweet potatoes, so that the growth of stems and vines of the sweet potatoes and the growth of adventitious roots can be obviously inhibited, commercialization is facilitated, and simultaneously, the purposes of controlling vigorous growth, increasing yield and preventing diseases are unified.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.

According to one aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a crop stimulation composition comprising the following components:

a plant growth regulator A, a plant growth regulator B and a bactericide;

the plant growth regulator A is uniconazole;

the plant growth regulator B is at least one selected from choline chloride, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid;

the bactericide is selected from propiconazole and/or tebuconazole.

Uniconazole is a broad-spectrum and highly efficient plant growth regulator, and it has excellent bactericidal and herbicidal effects. Can inhibit cell elongation, shorten internode, dwarfed plant, control vegetative growth, promote lateral bud growth and flower bud formation, and improve stress resistance. The activity of the uniconazole is 6-10 times higher than that of the paclobutrazol, but the residual quantity of the uniconazole in soil is only one tenth of that of the paclobutrazol, so that the uniconazole has little influence on the succeeding crops, can be absorbed by seeds, roots, buds and leaves and mutually operates among organs, but the leaf absorption is less outward. The apicality is evident. The uniconazole is applied to the planting process of the sweet potatoes and is matched with the bactericide and at least one of choline chloride, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid for use, so that the growth of underground root tubers is promoted while vigorous growth is controlled, and the yield of the sweet potatoes is improved.

Choline chloride can promote and accelerate photosynthesis in plants. The plant carbon dioxide gas absorption enhancer can promote the utilization of plants on light energy, improve the absorption rate of the light energy, digest carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen, and further increase the content of plant carbohydrates and chlorophyll. It is used in the present invention to promote fruit enlargement. The compound is reasonably mixed with uniconazole and propiconazole according to a certain proportion, the growth of stem vines and adventitious roots of the sweet potatoes is obviously inhibited (compared with the single use of uniconazole, the compound has obvious synergistic effect), the branch number and stem thickness of a base part are increased, the stems are thick and strong, the tuber number and the weight of a single plant are increased, the large and medium tuber rates are obviously improved, the small tuber rate is reduced, the commercialization is facilitated, and simultaneously, the unification of vigorous control, yield increase and disease prevention is achieved.

Propiconazole is a broad-spectrum efficient bactericide, can be absorbed by roots, stems and leaves, can be quickly conducted upwards in plant bodies, and has a good prevention and treatment effect on diseases caused by basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and imperfect fungi, particularly wheat powdery mildew, take-all, root rot, rust disease, rice bakanae disease and sigatoka. The plant growth regulator is matched with other plant growth regulators in the invention to control the biosynthesis of sterol, destroy the cell membrane function of pathogenic bacteria and finally cause cell death, thereby playing the roles of sterilization, disease prevention and disease treatment.

Tebuconazole has the characteristics of broad spectrum and long lasting period of sterilization, and has three functions of protection, treatment and eradication. Can inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol of fungi and further has the function of sterilization. The sweet potato growth regulator can better play a role in inhibiting bacteria through the cooperation with other plant growth regulators in the invention, thereby greatly improving the yield of the sweet potatoes.

The invention combines the plant growth regulator with the bactericide of specific components, has the effects of controlling vigorous growth, increasing yield and preventing diseases, achieves the unification of controlling vigorous growth, increasing yield and preventing diseases and plays a role in comprehensive prevention and control.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the plant growth regulator A to the plant growth regulator B to the bactericide is 1:2 to 10:1.25 to 6.25;

preferably, the mass ratio of the plant growth regulator A to the plant growth regulator B to the bactericide is 1: 4 to 8: 3.25 to 4.25;

more preferably, the mass ratio of the plant growth regulator A to the plant growth regulator B to the bactericide is 1:6: 3.75;

preferably, the stimulation composition also includes water.

The crop yield increasing composition is diluted by 700-1500 times by water.

When the crop yield-increasing composition is used, the crop yield-increasing composition is diluted by 700-1500 times with water, and the purposes of controlling vigorous growth, increasing yield and preventing diseases can be effectively achieved.

In a preferred embodiment, the crop yield increasing composition of the present invention may be diluted 700 to 1500 times with water, and may be further diluted 750 times, 800 times, 850 times, 900 times, 950 times, 1000 times, 1050 times, 1100 times, 1150 times, 1200 times, 1250 times, 1300 times, 1350 times, 1400 times or 1450 times with water.

In one embodiment, the crop yield-increasing composition is uniconazole, propiconazole and choline chloride, and the uniconazole, the propiconazole and the choline chloride are reasonably mixed according to a certain proportion, so that the growth of stem vines and adventitious roots of sweet potatoes is obviously inhibited, the branch number and stem thickness of bases are increased, the stems are thick and strong, the number of single-plant tuber bearing and the weight of single potatoes are increased, the large and medium potato rates are obviously increased, the small potato rate is reduced, commercialization is facilitated, and simultaneously, the effects of controlling vigorous growth, increasing yield and preventing diseases are unified.

According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also relates to a sweet potato planting method, wherein the crop yield-increasing composition is sprayed in the tuber forming period and the tuber expanding period of the sweet potato respectively.

The yield-increasing composition is sprayed in the tuber forming period and the tuber expanding period of the sweet potatoes, so that vigorous growth control of the sweet potatoes is facilitated, and the effects of obvious yield increase and excellent disease prevention are achieved.

Preferably, the spraying amount of the crop yield increasing composition in the tuber forming period and the tuber expanding period of the sweet potatoes is 1.8-2.5 g/mu respectively in terms of uniconazole.

The invention adopts proper amount of crop yield increasing composition to spray, which is more beneficial to the optimization of vigorous growth control, yield increase and disease prevention effect.

Preferably, the sweet potato planting method comprises the steps of growing sweet potato seedlings, wherein the temperature of the sweet potato in the early stage of growing the sweet potato seedlings is 30-31 ℃, the temperature of the sweet potato after seedling emergence is controlled to be 26-27 ℃, and the temperature is reduced to 18-22 ℃ for hardening seedlings 5-7 days before planting.

During seedling raising of sweet potatoes, sweet potato blocks with fresh and smooth potato skins, moderate potato block sizes, single potato weight of 120-180 g and strong vitality are selected.

The temperature for seedling raising of the potato blocks is 30-31 ℃, if the temperature is lower, the germination is slow, the temperature is higher, the respiration intensity of the potato blocks is higher, excessive nutrients are consumed, the phenomenon of 'bran core' can occur, and the sprouting is not facilitated. Therefore, the proper temperature is selected in the initial stage of potato block cultivation, which is more favorable for promoting germination.

In the seedling raising process, the high-temperature germination accelerating temperature is 35-38 ℃, the time is 4-5 days, callus can be rapidly formed, more disease-resistant substance Ipomoea batatas ketone is formed, and the black spot resistance is further improved.

In one embodiment, the temperature of the potato block seedling is 30-31 ℃, and can be 30.5 ℃.

In one embodiment, the temperature after emergence is controlled to be 26-27 ℃, and can be selected to be 26.5 ℃.

In one embodiment, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ for acclimatization 5 days before the permanent planting.

Preferably, in the seedling raising process, the relative humidity of the bed soil and the air before seedling exercising is 78% -81%, and the relative humidity of the bed soil and the air during seedling exercising is reduced to 45% -55%.

The moisture of the bed soil and the humidity of the air are very important for the rooting, the sprouting and the seedling growing of the potato blocks. Therefore, the relative humidity of the bed soil and the air is controlled to be 78% -81% respectively in the seedling raising stage, so that the potato peels are kept in a moist state, and the sprouting and the growth are promoted. The water content is reduced to 45-55% during the later stage seedling hardening. The sweet potato seedlings cultivated by the method are beneficial to survival.

In one embodiment, the relative humidity of the bed soil and the air before seedling exercising is 78% -81%, and 79% or 80% can be selected.

In one embodiment, the relative humidity of the bed soil and air is reduced to 45% to 55% during acclimatization, and may alternatively be 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53% or 54%.

Preferably, the sweet potato planting method comprises the steps of ploughing and applying fertilizer;

preferably, the depth of the farmland is 26-30 cm;

before planting sweet potato seedlings, the land is firstly arranged, the soil in the land needs to be loose and fertile, and loose sandy loam with good drainage is selected. Wherein, the deep ploughing is the basis for obtaining high yield of the sweet potatoes, the depth of the preferable farmland of the invention is 26-30 cm, which is more beneficial to the growth of sweet potato seedlings and the high yield of the sweet potatoes.

In one embodiment, the depth of the cultivated land is 26-30 cm, and 27cm, 28cm or 29cm can be selected.

Preferably, the ridge distance is 70-80 cm, and the ridge height is 18-22 cm.

Preferably, the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300-380 parts of organic fertilizer, 15-18 parts of diammonium phosphate, 11-15 parts of urea and 20-25 parts of potassium phosphate;

according to the invention, the organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied, and the growth of sweet potato seedlings is facilitated through the cooperation of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer, so that the high-yield and high-quality sweet potatoes are obtained.

In one embodiment, the organic fertilizer is 300-380 parts by weight, and 310 parts, 320 parts, 330 parts, 340 parts, 350 parts, 360 parts or 370 parts can be selected.

In one embodiment, the diammonium phosphate is 15-18 parts by weight, and 16 parts or 17 parts by weight can be selected.

In one embodiment, 11 to 15 parts by weight of urea can be selected from 12 parts, 13 parts or 14 parts.

In one embodiment, the potassium phosphate is 20 to 25 parts by weight, and may be 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts or 24 parts.

Preferably, the application amount of the fertilizer per mu of land is 30-40 kg.

Preferably, the fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the deep ploughing by 40-50% and applied to the soil surface layer during ridging by 50-60% in percentage by mass;

the fertilizer application adopts the layered and staged fertilizer application technology, combines the deep layer fertilizer application and the shallow layer fertilizer application, is more beneficial to the root system development of the sweet potatoes, can prolong the fertilizer efficiency, meets the requirements of nutrients in the early, middle and later periods of the sweet potatoes, and is beneficial to the balanced growth of the sweet potatoes in the whole growth period.

In order to ensure the healthy and strong growth of sweet potato seedlings and obtain high-yield and high-quality sweet potatoes, fertilizer is applied 25-30 days after the sweet potato seedlings are transplanted, and specifically, 10-20 kg/mu of urea is applied.

Preferably, 2.8-3.2 kg of insecticide is applied per acre of land during the fertilization period;

more preferably, the insecticide comprises toxixine granules.

2.8-3.2 kg/mu of toxin-pungent granules are applied during the fertilization period, so that underground pests can be better controlled.

Preferably, the sweet potato planting method comprises the step of planting sweet potato seedlings, wherein the planting density of the sweet potato seedlings is 3800-4300 plants/mu;

preferably, the sweet potato is planted in at least one of horizontal planting, straight planting and oblique planting.

Preferably, the sweet potato seedlings are sweet potato seedlings with 7-8 leaves at the top end and 21-24 cm in length.

The high-quality strong sweet potato seedlings with 7-8 leaves at the top and 21-24 cm in length are planted, and the bases of the sweet potato seedlings are soaked in carbendazim diluent for 5-8 min to prevent and treat black spot. The number of leaves left on the ground when sweet potato seedlings are planted is 3-4, and the rest leaves are buried in the soil.

The planting density of the sweet potatoes is 3800-4300 plants/mu, and the yield of the sweet potatoes can be further improved through reasonable close planting.

In one embodiment, the planting density of the sweet potato seedlings is 3800-4300 plants/mu, and 3900 plants/mu, 4000 plants/mu, 4100 plants/mu or 4200 plants/mu can be selected.

Preferably, the sweet potato variety comprises commercial potato 19.

The sweet potato variety planted in the field can be selected from commercial potato 19, and is characterized by heart-shaped leaves, full green leaf veins, thick stems and tendrils, short and medium branches and the like. The potatoes are early and concentrated, have no 'edge running', and are easy to collect and plane. The potatoes have more and even blocks, smooth surface, high potato-coating rate and high commodity rate. The potato block is spindle-shaped, the skin color is deep red, the flesh color is extra white, the taste is extra good, and the potato block is praised as chestnut fragrance by peasants.

The present invention will be further explained with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.