阅读说明：本技术 玉米粉在提高桑枝叶青贮品质中的应用 (Application of corn flour in improving silage quality of mulberry branches and leaves ) 是由 黄先智 徐泽平 沈诗傑 于 2019-09-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种玉米粉在提高桑枝叶青贮品质中的应用,具体涉及桑枝叶青贮发酵技术领域。本发明将玉米粉加入到桑枝叶的青贮原料中,经青贮发酵后取样分析,结果表明：(1)玉米粉能够有效提高桑枝叶青贮产品中的WSC(可溶性碳水化合物)、LA(乳酸)；(2)玉米粉能够降低桑枝叶青贮产品的pH值到4.5～5.0；(3)玉米粉与桑枝叶混合青贮可以产生乳酸型发酵,且没有BA(丁酸)生成,能有效改善桑枝叶的青贮环境,得到的青贮产品在气味、质地、色泽上具有更好的效果。(The invention provides application of corn flour in improving the silage quality of mulberry branches and leaves, and particularly relates to the technical field of silage fermentation of mulberry branches and leaves. The corn flour is added into the silage raw materials of mulberry branches and leaves, and the result of sampling analysis after silage fermentation shows that: (1) the corn flour can effectively improve WSC (soluble carbohydrate) and LA (lactic acid) in the mulberry branch and leaf silage product; (2) the corn flour can reduce the pH value of the mulberry branch and leaf silage product to 4.5-5.0; (3) the corn flour and the mulberry branch and leaf mixed silage can produce lactic acid type fermentation, no BA (butyric acid) is generated, the silage environment of the mulberry branch and leaf can be effectively improved, and the obtained silage product has better effects on smell, texture and color.)

1. Application of corn flour in improving the quality of mulberry branch and leaf silage.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the improving of the silage quality of mulberry branches and leaves comprises one or more of improving soluble carbohydrates in the silage product of mulberry branches and leaves, improving lactic acid in the silage product of mulberry leaves, reducing the pH value of the silage product of mulberry branches and leaves to 4.5-5.0, and eliminating butyric acid in the silage product of mulberry branches and leaves.

3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing corn flour and mulberry branches and leaves to obtain an ensiling fermentation raw material;

(2) and placing the ensiling fermentation raw material in an ensiling environment for fermentation.

4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the corn flour and the mulberry branches and leaves in the step (1) is 0.8-1.2: 4.5 to 5.5.

5. The use according to claim 3, wherein the ensiling environment of step (2) is protected from light and sealed.

6. Use according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation temperature in step (2) is 20 ℃ to 35 ℃.

7. The use according to claim 3, wherein the moisture content of the silage fermentation raw material in the step (2) is 50-65%.

8. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mulberry branch leaves comprise mulberry leaves and/or mulberry twigs.

9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the mulberry branch and leaf is a pulverized mulberry branch and leaf; the maximum particle size of the mulberry branch and leaf crushed material is less than or equal to 2 cm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mulberry branch and leaf silage, and particularly relates to application of corn flour to improvement of the quality of mulberry branch and leaf silage.

Background

The shortage of the feed protein source is one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of the breeding industry in China. The mulberry leaf is a novel protein feed, has the advantages of no land competition with grain crops, ecological environmental protection and the like, is applied to feeds of cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, fishes and the like at present, is an important direction for vigorously supporting development in China, and has important significance for ensuring the grain safety in China. The preparation of the mulberry leaves into the powdery additive and the direct fresh eating of the mulberry leaves have some defects, the cost of the powder preparation is high, the large-scale utilization of the mulberry leaves is not facilitated, and the direct utilization mode of the fresh mulberry leaves is not suitable for the requirements of the modern large-scale breeding industry on the feed.

The silage of mulberry branches and leaves is one of effective methods for the forage utilization, and is also an effective measure for coping with seasonal changes of mulberry leaves. A large number of experiments have found that the mulberry leaves have poor quality when being singly stored. The research shows that: the characteristics of the mulberry leaves are similar to those of alfalfa and feed locust, and the WSC is low during ensiling, so that the long-term propagation of LAB (lactic acid bacteria) is not facilitated, a large amount of lactic acid cannot be produced, the pH reduction speed is slow, the proliferation of mixed bacteria is caused, and the quality is deteriorated.

In order to solve the problems, Tangqingfeng and the like provide a method for mixing and storing mulberry branches and leaves and corn straws in equal proportion, but the quality of the mulberry branch and leaf silage product is still not ideal.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the application of corn flour in improving the silage quality of mulberry branches and leaves.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention discloses application of corn flour in improving the silage quality of mulberry branches and leaves.

Preferably, the improving the silage quality of the mulberry branches and leaves comprises one or more of improving WSC in the silage product of the mulberry branches and leaves, improving LA in the silage product of the mulberry leaves, reducing the pH value of the silage product of the mulberry branches and leaves to 4.5-5.0 and eliminating BA in the silage product of the mulberry branches and leaves.

Preferably, the application comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing corn flour and mulberry branches and leaves to obtain an ensiling fermentation raw material;

(2) and placing the ensiling fermentation raw material in an ensiling environment for fermentation.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the corn flour to the mulberry branches and leaves in the step (1) is 0.8-1.2: 4.5 to 5.5 percent of a polymer,

preferably, the ensiling environment in step (2) is protected from light and sealed.

Preferably, the temperature of the fermentation in the step (2) is 20-35 ℃.

Preferably, the moisture content of the ensiled fermentation raw material in the step (2) is about 50-65%.

Preferably, the mulberry branches and leaves comprise mulberry leaves and/or mulberry branches.

Preferably, the mulberry branches and leaves are crushed mulberry branches and leaves; the maximum particle size of the mulberry branch and leaf crushed material is less than or equal to 2 cm.

Has the advantages that:

the invention provides application of corn flour in improving the silage quality of mulberry branches and leaves. According to the invention, corn flour which is a common and cheap raw material in the feed and is low in price is added into the silage raw materials of mulberry branches and leaves, and the result of sampling analysis after silage fermentation shows that: (1) the corn flour can effectively improve WSC and LA in the mulberry branch and leaf silage product; the corn flour can reduce the pH value of the mulberry branch and leaf silage product to 4.5-5.0; (3) the corn flour and the mulberry branches and leaves are mixed and ensiled to generate lactic acid type fermentation, no BA is generated, the ensiling environment of the mulberry branches and leaves can be effectively improved, and the quality of the obtained ensiling product is greatly improved in smell, texture and color.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the quantitative change of the major microbial flora of group Y in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows the quantitative change of the major microbial flora of group M in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows the quantitative change of the major microbial flora of group Z in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows the quantitative change of the major microbial flora of group J in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relative abundance of group Y microorganisms at phylum and genus levels in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relative abundance of microorganisms of group M at phylum and genus levels in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relative abundance of group Z microorganisms at phylum and genus levels in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relative abundance of group J microorganisms at phylum and genus levels in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 shows principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) at the level of each interprocess genus in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides application of corn flour in improving the silage quality of mulberry branches and leaves. In the present invention, the corn flour is conventional commercial corn flour, and the specific source of the corn flour is not particularly limited, and any conventional commercial product in the art can be used. In the present invention, the corn flour is preferably dried and sterilized by a constant temperature from raw corn flour. The temperature for constant-temperature drying and sterilization is preferably 90-100 ℃, and more preferably 95 ℃. The time for drying and sterilizing at constant temperature is preferably 3-5 h, and more preferably 4 h. In the present invention, the mulberry branch leaves preferably include mulberry leaves and/or mulberry branches, more preferably mulberry leaves and mulberry branches. When the mulberry branches and leaves are mulberry leaves and mulberry branches, the mixing ratio of the mulberry leaves and the mulberry branches is not particularly limited, and the ratio of the mulberry leaves and the mulberry branches obtained after conventional picking is only required. In the present invention, the mulberry branch and leaf is preferably a pulverized mulberry branch and leaf; the maximum particle size of the mulberry branch and leaf crushed material is preferably less than or equal to 2 cm. In a more specific embodiment of the invention, the mulberry branches and leaves are preferably from the feed mulberry base of the livestock academy in Chongqing, and the variety is Guisangyou 62. In the present invention, the improving of the silage quality of mulberry branches and leaves preferably comprises one or more of improving (soluble carbohydrate) WSC in the silage product of mulberry branches and leaves, improving (lactic acid) LA in the silage product of mulberry leaves, reducing the pH of the silage product of mulberry branches and leaves to 4.5-5.0, and eliminating BA in the silage product of mulberry branches and leaves.

In the present invention, the application preferably comprises the steps of:

(1) mixing corn flour and mulberry branches and leaves to obtain an ensiling fermentation raw material;

(2) and placing the ensiling fermentation raw material in an ensiling environment for fermentation.

The corn flour and the mulberry branches and leaves are mixed to obtain the silage fermentation raw material. In the invention, the mass ratio of the corn flour to the mulberry branches and leaves is preferably 0.8-1.2: 4.5-5.5, more preferably 1: 5. the method of mixing is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any method that is conventional in the art may be used. And mixing to obtain the ensiling fermentation raw material.

The ensiling fermentation raw material is placed in an ensiling environment for fermentation. In the present invention, the ensiling environment is preferably protected from light and sealed. The environmental temperature of the fermentation is preferably 20-35 ℃, and more preferably 22-28 ℃. The water content of the ensiling fermentation raw material is preferably 50-65%, and more preferably 55-60%. After fermentation, the mulberry branch and leaf silage product is obtained.

The research of the invention shows that: the addition of corn flour can quickly improve the abundance of useful microorganisms stored in the silage and inhibit harmful mixed bacteria such as fungi and the like. The microbial change in the silage process of mulberry branches and leaves added with corn flour is mainly shown as follows: the proportion of Enterobacter (Enterobacter) and Shigella (Escherichia-shigella) of Proteobacteria decreases, and the proportion of Enterococcus (Enterococcus), Lactococcus (Lactococcus) and Lactobacillus (Lactobacilli) increases.

During the ensiling of mulberry branches and leaves, the CP (crude protein), DM (dry matter), NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (neutral detergent fiber) contents all stabilized after 10 d. According to the invention, the corn flour or the lactobacillus is added in the silage process of the mulberry branches and leaves, so that the corn flour or the lactobacillus can quickly reduce the pH value of the silage and obviously reduce NH₃-the content of N. However, the pH value is increased in the late stage of ensiling by adding lactic acid bacteria, secondary fermentation is carried out, and high BA is generated, which indicates that the fermentation effect of LAB in ensiling and the synthesis of LA are limited due to insufficient WSC. The mulberry branch and leaf added with the corn flour can be fermented by improving the WSC content of the mulberry branch and leaf, and simultaneously, the abundance of LAB in the silage process of the mulberry branch and leaf can generate enough LA to keep the stability of the silage quality, so that the technical effect of obviously improving the silage quality is achieved, and the problem of low single silage quality of the mulberry branch and leaf is solved.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.