阅读说明：本技术 一种淡水鱼饲料及其制备方法 (Freshwater fish feed and preparation method thereof ) 是由 江国托 刘艳 翟红旭 陈立广 王庭 刘源超 李志兴 李晶晶 陈雪薇 李锡臻 周爽 于 2019-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种淡水鱼饲料,包括以下重量份的原料：紫薯渣15-23份、小麦胚芽20-27份、螺旋藻粉8-13份、金蝉12-16份、虾糠5-9份、红虫4-9份、玉米青贮7-10份、香菇菌渣发酵物5-8份、海带粉3-9份、黄豆粉4-7份、复合益生菌0.1-0.4份、复合维生素0.1-0.3份、中药添加剂0.2-0.6份、食盐1-3份。本发明主要以薯渣、小麦胚芽、螺旋藻粉、金蝉、虾糠、红虫、玉米青贮为原料,配方易得,无毒害作用且价格便宜；配方组份配比合理,营养均衡,能够更好的促进淡水鱼的养殖,同时在该发明中采用紫薯渣、香菇菌渣农业废弃物,极大地促进了农业废弃物的转化再利用。(The invention discloses freshwater fish feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-23 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 20-27 parts of wheat germ, 8-13 parts of spirulina powder, 12-16 parts of golden cicada, 5-9 parts of shrimp bran, 4-9 parts of red worm, 7-10 parts of corn silage, 5-8 parts of mushroom dreg fermentation product, 3-9 parts of kelp powder, 4-7 parts of soybean powder, 0.1-0.4 part of composite probiotics, 0.1-0.3 part of composite vitamin, 0.2-0.6 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 1-3 parts of salt. The invention mainly takes the potato residue, the wheat germ, the spirulina powder, the golden cicada, the shrimp bran, the red worm and the corn silage as raw materials, the formula is easy to obtain, the toxic action is avoided, and the price is low; the formula has reasonable component proportion and balanced nutrition, can better promote the culture of freshwater fish, and simultaneously greatly promotes the conversion and reutilization of agricultural wastes by adopting the agricultural wastes of the purple sweet potato residues and the mushroom fungus residues.)

1. The freshwater fish feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

15-23 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 20-27 parts of wheat germ, 8-13 parts of spirulina powder, 12-16 parts of golden cicada, 5-9 parts of shrimp bran, 4-9 parts of red worm, 7-10 parts of corn silage, 5-8 parts of mushroom dreg fermentation product, 3-9 parts of kelp powder, 4-7 parts of soybean powder, 0.1-0.4 part of composite probiotics, 0.1-0.3 part of composite vitamin, 0.2-0.6 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 1-3 parts of salt.

2. The freshwater fish feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

15 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 20 parts of wheat germ, 8 parts of spirulina powder, 12 parts of golden cicada, 5 parts of shrimp bran, 4 parts of red worm, 7 parts of corn silage, 5 parts of mushroom residue leavening, 3 parts of kelp powder, 4 parts of soybean powder, 0.1 part of composite probiotics, 0.1 part of composite vitamin, 0.2 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 1 part of salt.

3. The freshwater fish feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

23 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 27 parts of wheat germ, 13 parts of spirulina powder, 16 parts of golden cicada, 9 parts of shrimp bran, 9 parts of red worm, 10 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of mushroom residue leavening, 9 parts of kelp powder, 7 parts of soybean powder, 0.4 part of composite probiotics, 0.3 part of composite vitamin, 0.6 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 3 parts of salt.

4. The freshwater fish feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

18 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 23 parts of wheat germ, 10 parts of spirulina powder, 14 parts of golden cicada, 6 parts of shrimp bran, 6 parts of red worm, 8 parts of corn silage, 6 parts of mushroom residue leavening, 5 parts of kelp powder, 5 parts of soybean powder, 0.2 part of composite probiotics, 0.2 part of composite vitamin, 0.4 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 2 parts of salt.

5. The freshwater fish feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

21 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 25 parts of wheat germ, 11.5 parts of spirulina powder, 15 parts of golden cicada, 7.5 parts of shrimp bran, 7 parts of red worm, 9 parts of corn silage, 7 parts of mushroom residue leavening, 7 parts of kelp powder, 6 parts of soybean powder, 0.3 part of composite probiotics, 0.2 part of composite vitamin, 0.5 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 2.5 parts of salt.

6. The freshwater fish feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the mushroom dreg fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing the mushroom residues exposed to the white in a crusher into granules, adding sweet potato starch accounting for 25% of the mass of the mushroom residues and water accounting for 18% of the mass of the mushroom residues into the obtained granules, uniformly stirring, fumigating for 3 hours by using water vapor, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a fermentation medium, inoculating a citric acid fermentation strain into the fermentation medium, fermenting for 3 hours, and then sterilizing to obtain the mushroom residue.

7. The freshwater fish feed of claim 1, wherein the complex probiotics comprise at least two of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, bacillus, bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis, aspergillus niger, rhizopus oryzae, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium;

the compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, dl- α -tocopheryl acetate, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, D-calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, folic acid, D-biotin, inositol and vitamin C, and comprises the following components of 10-16 ten thousand IU/kg of vitamin A, 1.8-2.5 ten thousand IU/kg of vitamin D3, 0.8-1.5 g/kg of dl- α -tocopheryl acetate, 0.2-1.0 g/kg of vitamin K3, 0.11-0.5 g/kg of vitamin B1, 0.08-0.5 g/kg of vitamin B2, 0.08-0.5 g/kg of vitamin B6, 0.08-0.5 g/kg of vitamin B12, 0.26-0.5 mg/kg of vitamin B12, 0.4.4-0.5 g/kg of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.5-1.5 g/kg of vitamin D-1.5 g/kg of vitamin C, and 0.5-1.5 g/kg of vitamin C.

8. The freshwater fish feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 1-4 parts of houttuynia cordata, 2-6 parts of honeysuckle, 2-5 parts of isatis root, 3-7 parts of angelica dahurica, 4-7 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 1-3 parts of astragalus membranaceus;

the preparation process of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps:

pulverizing Scutellariae radix, herba Houttuyniae, flos Lonicerae, radix Isatidis, radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Atractylodis rhizoma, and radix astragali with micronizer, sieving with 50 mesh sieve, mixing, adding 20 times of water, adjusting pH to 2.0, heating and refluxing for 90min, filtering, adding 5 times of water into the residue, adding cellulase, performing enzymolysis at 60 deg.C for 1.5h, filtering, adding 6 times of water into the residue again, adjusting pH to 8.0, extracting at 90 deg.C for 2h, filtering, mixing all filtrates, and concentrating to solid content of 83% to obtain the Chinese herbal additive.

9. A preparation method of freshwater fish feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) respectively mincing corn silage, drying and crushing cicada, shrimp bran and red worm, and mixing cicada powder, shrimp bran powder and red worm powder with the minced corn silage;

(2) raw material treatment: freezing and drying purple sweet potato residue, wheat germ, spirulina powder, mushroom residue fermentation product, kelp powder and soybean powder at-50-60 ℃ for 20-24h, mixing, crushing to obtain powder, performing microwave treatment on the powder for 3-4 h under the power of 400-600W, and naturally cooling to obtain a pretreatment raw material;

(3) and (3) granulation: and (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) and the powder obtained in the step (2) with the composite probiotics, the composite vitamins, the traditional Chinese medicine additives and the salt, stirring for 10-20min at 35-45 ℃ and 900rpm, uniformly mixing, transferring to a granulator, and granulating to obtain the feed particles.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a freshwater fish feed and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.

Background

The rapid development of aquaculture industry has promoted the development of the Chinese aquatic feed industry. The Chinese aquaculture yield reaches 4305 ten thousand tons in 2012, and the aquatic feed yield reaches 1885 ten thousand tons. The aquatic feed in China is mainly the feed for common freshwater fish at present. The proportion of the feed in the total amount of aquatic feed is up to 80 percent. The quality of the feed has an important influence on the quality of the fish.

At present, according to the breed of the cultured fish, the aquatic feed comprises two main types of special feed and mixed feed for specific fish. At present, freshwater fish is mainly bred in a mixed mode in China, and the nutrition of the traditional mixed feed is difficult to guarantee the needs of bred fish seeds. Therefore, the development of the novel multi-nutrient freshwater fish feed has important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a freshwater fish feed and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the freshwater fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

15-23 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 20-27 parts of wheat germ, 8-13 parts of spirulina powder, 12-16 parts of golden cicada, 5-9 parts of shrimp bran, 4-9 parts of red worm, 7-10 parts of corn silage, 5-8 parts of mushroom dreg fermentation product, 3-9 parts of kelp powder, 4-7 parts of soybean powder, 0.1-0.4 part of composite probiotics, 0.1-0.3 part of composite vitamin, 0.2-0.6 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 1-3 parts of salt.

The freshwater fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

15 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 20 parts of wheat germ, 8 parts of spirulina powder, 12 parts of golden cicada, 5 parts of shrimp bran, 4 parts of red worm, 7 parts of corn silage, 5 parts of mushroom residue leavening, 3 parts of kelp powder, 4 parts of soybean powder, 0.1 part of composite probiotics, 0.1 part of composite vitamin, 0.2 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 1 part of salt.

The freshwater fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

23 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 27 parts of wheat germ, 13 parts of spirulina powder, 16 parts of golden cicada, 9 parts of shrimp bran, 9 parts of red worm, 10 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of mushroom residue leavening, 9 parts of kelp powder, 7 parts of soybean powder, 0.4 part of composite probiotics, 0.3 part of composite vitamin, 0.6 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 3 parts of salt.

The freshwater fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

18 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 23 parts of wheat germ, 10 parts of spirulina powder, 14 parts of golden cicada, 6 parts of shrimp bran, 6 parts of red worm, 8 parts of corn silage, 6 parts of mushroom residue leavening, 5 parts of kelp powder, 5 parts of soybean powder, 0.2 part of composite probiotics, 0.2 part of composite vitamin, 0.4 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 2 parts of salt.

The freshwater fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

21 parts of purple sweet potato residue, 25 parts of wheat germ, 11.5 parts of spirulina powder, 15 parts of golden cicada, 7.5 parts of shrimp bran, 7 parts of red worm, 9 parts of corn silage, 7 parts of mushroom residue leavening, 7 parts of kelp powder, 6 parts of soybean powder, 0.3 part of composite probiotics, 0.2 part of composite vitamin, 0.5 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 2.5 parts of salt.

The preparation method of the mushroom dreg fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing the mushroom residues exposed to the white in a crusher into granules, adding sweet potato starch accounting for 25% of the mass of the mushroom residues and water accounting for 18% of the mass of the mushroom residues into the obtained granules, uniformly stirring, fumigating for 3 hours by using water vapor, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a fermentation medium, inoculating a citric acid fermentation strain into the fermentation medium, fermenting for 3 hours, and then sterilizing to obtain the mushroom residue.

The composite probiotics comprise at least two of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus, bifidobacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto, bacillus licheniformis, beer yeast, candida utilis, aspergillus niger, rhizopus oryzae, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria.

The compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D3, dl- α -tocopheryl acetate, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium D-pantothenate, nicotinamide, folic acid, D-biotin, inositol, and vitamin C.

Preferably, the vitamin complex comprises 10-16 ten thousand IU/kg of vitamin A, 1.8-2.5 ten thousand IU/kg of vitamin D3, 0.8-1.5 g/kg of dl- α -tocopheryl acetate, 0.2-1.0 g/kg of vitamin K3, 0.11-0.5 g/kg of vitamin B1, 0.08-0.5 g/kg of vitamin B2, 0.08-0.5 g/kg of vitamin B6, 0.26-0.5 mg/kg of vitamin B12, 0.4-1.0 g/kg of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.8-1.0 g/kg of nicotinamide, 0.03-0.5 g/kg of folic acid, 1.8-2.5 mg/kg of D-biotin, 1.5 mg/kg of inositol and 1.5g/kg of vitamin C and 2.5g/kg of vitamin C.

The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 1-4 parts of houttuynia cordata, 2-6 parts of honeysuckle, 2-5 parts of isatis root, 3-7 parts of angelica dahurica, 4-7 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 1-3 parts of astragalus membranaceus.

The preparation process of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps:

pulverizing Scutellariae radix, herba Houttuyniae, flos Lonicerae, radix Isatidis, radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Atractylodis rhizoma, and radix astragali with micronizer, sieving with 50 mesh sieve, mixing, adding 20 times of water, adjusting pH to 2.0, heating and refluxing for 90min, filtering, adding 5 times of water into the residue, adding cellulase, performing enzymolysis at 60 deg.C for 1.5 hr, filtering, adding 6 times of water into the residue again, adjusting pH to 8.0, extracting at 90 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, mixing all filtrates, and concentrating to solid content of 83% to obtain Chinese herbal additive;

a preparation method of freshwater fish feed comprises the following steps:

(1) respectively mincing corn silage, drying and crushing cicada, shrimp bran and red worm, and mixing cicada powder, shrimp bran powder and red worm powder with the minced corn silage;

(2) raw material treatment: freezing and drying purple sweet potato residue, wheat germ, spirulina powder, mushroom residue fermentation product, kelp powder and soybean powder at-50-60 ℃ for 20-24h, mixing, crushing to obtain powder, performing microwave treatment on the powder for 3-4 h under the power of 400-600W, and naturally cooling to obtain a pretreatment raw material;

(3) and (3) granulation: and (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) and the powder obtained in the step (2) with the composite probiotics, the composite vitamins, the traditional Chinese medicine additives and the salt, stirring for 10-20min at 35-45 ℃ and 900rpm, uniformly mixing, transferring to a granulator, and granulating to obtain the feed particles.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention mainly takes the potato residue, the wheat germ, the spirulina powder, the golden cicada, the shrimp bran, the red worm and the corn silage as raw materials, the formula is easy to obtain, the toxic action is avoided, and the price is low; the formula has reasonable component proportion and balanced nutrition, can better promote the culture of freshwater fish, and simultaneously greatly promotes the conversion and reutilization of agricultural wastes by adopting the agricultural wastes of the purple sweet potato residues and the mushroom fungus residues.

2. According to the formula, the saturated fatty acid and the unsaturated fatty acid are compatible, so that the nutritional ingredients of the raw materials are mutually supplemented, and the requirements of protein, starch, vitamins, amino acids and mineral elements required by fish growth can be met.

3. The compound probiotics, compound vitamins, traditional Chinese medicine additives and the like are added, so that the physiological effects of improving the immunity of the organism and the like can be improved, and the fish is prevented from being infected by viruses;

4. the freshwater fish feed can be prepared by adopting simple crushing, drying and microwave treatment technologies, and the process operation is simple.

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.