阅读说明：本技术 一种用于防治农业病虫害的监测装置及其防治方法 (Monitoring device for preventing and treating agricultural diseases and insect pests and preventing and treating method thereof ) 是由 孙俊 于 2019-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种用于防治农业病虫害的监测装置及其防治方法,属于农业设备技术领域。其中,用于防治农业病虫害的监测装置包括：无人机主体、监测系统以及喷淋系统,所述无人机主体包括机身、旋翼、支架以及蓄电池,所述监测系统包括摄像机以及控制器,所述控制器包括图像处理模块、存储模块以及主控制模块,所述喷淋系统包括喷淋机构,所述喷淋机构包括农药箱、喷头、导药管以及电磁阀。与现有技术相比,本发明提出的用于防治农业病虫害的监测装置能够实时监测出农业病虫害并即时彻底防治,避免病虫害扩散,同时还能对病虫害进行针对性防治,避免大面积喷洒农药造成的农药浪费的问题。(The invention discloses a monitoring device for preventing and treating agricultural diseases and insect pests and a prevention and treatment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment. Wherein, a monitoring devices for preventing and treating agricultural pest includes: unmanned aerial vehicle main part, monitoring system and spraying system, the unmanned aerial vehicle main part includes fuselage, rotor, support and battery, monitoring system includes camera and controller, the controller includes image processing module, storage module and main control module, spraying system is including spraying the mechanism, it includes pesticide case, shower nozzle, leads pencil and solenoid valve to spray the mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the monitoring device for preventing and treating the agricultural diseases and insect pests, provided by the invention, can be used for monitoring the agricultural diseases and insect pests in real time and preventing and treating the agricultural diseases and insect pests thoroughly in real time, so that the diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in a targeted manner, and the problem of pesticide waste caused by large-area pesticide spraying is avoided.)

1. A monitoring devices for preventing and treating agricultural pest, its characterized in that includes: unmanned aerial vehicle main part, monitoring system and spraying system

The unmanned aerial vehicle main body comprises a body, a plurality of rotor wings connected with the body, a bracket fixedly connected with the body and a storage battery, wherein an accommodating cavity is formed in the body, the storage battery is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the rotor wings are electrically connected with the storage battery;

the monitoring system comprises a camera and a controller in communication connection with the camera, the camera is arranged at the front end of the unmanned aerial vehicle body and shoots the crop image on the flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle body, and transmits the image to a controller, the controller is arranged in the accommodating cavity and comprises an image processing module, a storage module and a main control module, the image processing module receives image information shot by the camera, calls the common crop disease and insect pest images stored in the storage module to compare and confirm the crop disease and insect pest state and the disease and insect pest type on the flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body, the storage module stores common crop disease and insect pest images, the main control module controls the spraying system to control disease and insect pest according to crop disease and insect pest states and disease and insect pest types, and the camera and the controller are electrically connected with the storage battery;

the spraying system comprises a plurality of spraying mechanisms, each spraying mechanism comprises a pesticide box, a spray head, a pesticide guide pipe and a solenoid valve, the spraying system is arranged at the rear end of the bottom surface of the machine body, pesticides are stored in the pesticide boxes, one end of the pesticide guide pipe and the pesticide box are fixedly connected at the bottom, the other end of the pesticide guide pipe and the top of the spray head are fixedly connected, the solenoid valves are arranged on the pesticide guide pipes, the solenoid valves are connected with a controller, the main control module can control the on-off of the solenoid valves, and the solenoid valves and the storage batteries are electrically connected.

2. A monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide tank comprises a cylindrical portion and a conical portion, the bottom end of the cylindrical portion is fixedly connected with the top end of the conical portion, and the bottom end of the conical portion is connected with the pesticide guide pipe.

3. A monitoring device for controlling agricultural diseases and pests according to claim 1, wherein a booster pump is further arranged on the inner wall of the top of the pesticide box, the booster pump is electrically connected with the storage battery, the booster pump is connected with the controller, and a main control module of the controller can control the on-off of the booster pump.

4. A monitoring device for preventing and treating agricultural diseases and pests according to claim 3, wherein a pressure sensor is further arranged at one end, close to the top, of the inner wall of the side face of the pesticide box, the pressure sensor is connected with the controller, the controller further comprises a pressure processing module, the pressure processing module receives pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor, the pressure processing module compares the pressure data with a set pressure value and sends a comparison result to the main control module, and the main control module controls a booster pump switch according to the comparison result.

5. A monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests according to claim 1, wherein the spray head comprises a spray bar and a spray nozzle, the top of the spray bar is connected with the pesticide guide pipe, the bottom of the spray bar is connected with the spray nozzle, and the diameter of the spray nozzle is larger than that of the spray bar.

6. A monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests according to claim 5, wherein the lower end face of the nozzle is of a circular arc surface structure, and a plurality of spray holes are formed in the lower end face of the nozzle along the normal direction.

7. A monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests according to claim 1, wherein a balance block is further arranged at the bottom of the machine body, and the balance block is arranged at one end, close to the camera, of the bottom of the machine body.

8. The monitoring device for preventing and treating agricultural diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein illuminating lamps are arranged on two sides of the camera respectively and electrically connected with the storage battery.

9. A control method for a monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests, the control method comprising the steps of:

step 1: the unmanned aerial vehicle main body flies according to a set path, in the flying process of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body, a camera shoots crops on the flying path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body to form an image, the image is transmitted to a controller, an image processing module in the controller receives the image, common crop pest and disease damage images stored in advance in a storage module are called to be compared with the image shot by the camera, the crop pest and disease damage state and the pest and disease damage type on the flying path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body are confirmed, a main control module controls a spraying system to prevent and control according to the crop pest and disease damage state and the pest and disease damage type, and monitoring;

step 2: when the monitoring system finds a single disease and insect pest, the main controller controls a booster pump in a pesticide box for storing pesticides corresponding to the disease and insect pest to be boosted, meanwhile, the main controller controls an electromagnetic valve of a spraying mechanism corresponding to the pesticide box to be opened, and the pesticides are sprayed out from a spray head of the spraying system through a pesticide guide pipe to perform disease and insect pest control on crops issued by the unmanned aerial vehicle main body;

and step 3: when the monitoring system finds various plant diseases and insect pests, the main controller controls the booster pumps in pesticide boxes for storing pesticides corresponding to the plant diseases and insect pests to be pressurized simultaneously, and controls the electromagnetic valves of the spraying systems corresponding to the pesticide boxes to be opened, and the pesticides are sprayed out from the spray heads of the spraying systems to perform plant disease and insect pest control on crops below the main body of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

and 4, step 4: when the monitoring system finds that crops are healthy, the main controller controls the booster pump and the electromagnetic valve to be closed, and the spraying system stops spraying pesticides.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and particularly relates to a monitoring device for preventing and treating agricultural diseases and insect pests and a prevention and treatment method thereof.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, along with the continuous expansion of urbanization scale, the agricultural population is correspondingly reduced, and a part of areas have agricultural large-scale production modes, such as large farms, and the agricultural industry is continuously promoted to be upgraded through the improvement of agricultural mechanization degree and the agricultural informatization popularization.

The problem of an outstanding nature that the agricultural scale met is exactly that agricultural plant diseases and insect pests monitor and control difficulty, because the farmland scope is great, hardly accomplish effectual monitoring and prevention and control, in order to reduce the harm of agricultural plant diseases and insect pests, improve crop output, current stage general way has two kinds, one kind is regularly to the farmland carry out the pesticide of a lot of different grade type and spray, carry out indifference prevention and cure to the plant diseases and insect pests, another kind adopts unmanned aerial vehicle to patrol the farmland earlier, discover the plant diseases and insect pests of existing in the farmland and confirm the position, the rethread people carries the pesticide for controlling unmanned aerial vehicle and prevents and cures this position plant diseases and insect pests.

Although the problem of difficulty in pest control of large farms can be solved to a certain extent by adopting the two modes to control the farmland, and the labor intensity of people is reduced, the method of indiscriminately spraying pesticides to the farmland for multiple times can not only cause pesticide waste but also cause a large amount of pesticide residues, and is not beneficial to agricultural environmental protection; and adopt the unmanned aerial vehicle main part to patrol the monitoring earlier to the farmland and then prevent and treat according to the monitoring result to the farmland and can lead to the pest control untimely, and then make the pest diffusion, the prevention and cure is not thorough.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a monitoring device for preventing and treating agricultural diseases and insect pests and a storage method thereof, which aim to optimize the performance of the existing pesticide disease and insect pest monitoring device.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests, comprising: unmanned aerial vehicle main part, monitoring system and spraying system

The unmanned aerial vehicle main body comprises a body, a plurality of rotor wings connected with the body, a bracket fixedly connected with the body and a storage battery, wherein an accommodating cavity is formed in the body, the storage battery is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the rotor wings are electrically connected with the storage battery;

the monitoring system comprises a camera and a controller in communication connection with the camera, the camera is arranged at the front end of the unmanned aerial vehicle body and shoots the crop image on the flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle body, and transmits the image to a controller, the controller is arranged in the accommodating cavity and comprises an image processing module, a storage module and a main control module, the image processing module receives image information shot by the camera, calls the common crop disease and insect pest images stored in the storage module to compare and confirm the crop disease and insect pest state and the disease and insect pest type on the flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body, the storage module stores common crop disease and insect pest images, the main control module controls the spraying system to control disease and insect pest according to crop disease and insect pest states and disease and insect pest types, and the camera and the controller are electrically connected with the storage battery;

the spraying system comprises a plurality of spraying mechanisms, each spraying mechanism comprises a pesticide box, a spray head, a pesticide guide pipe and a solenoid valve, the spraying system is arranged at the rear end of the bottom surface of the machine body, pesticides are stored in the pesticide boxes, one end of the pesticide guide pipe and the pesticide box are fixedly connected at the bottom, the other end of the pesticide guide pipe and the top of the spray head are fixedly connected, the solenoid valves are arranged on the pesticide guide pipes, the solenoid valves are connected with a controller, the main control module can control the on-off of the solenoid valves, and the solenoid valves and the storage batteries are electrically connected.

In a further embodiment, the pesticide box comprises a cylindrical part and a conical part, the bottom end of the cylindrical part is fixedly connected with the top end of the conical part, and the bottom end of the conical part is connected with the pesticide guide pipe, so that pesticide can be accumulated in the conical part and finally flows out from the bottom of the conical part, pesticide residue is avoided, and the utilization rate of the pesticide is improved.

In further embodiment, pesticide case top inner wall still is equipped with the booster pump, booster pump and battery electric connection, the booster pump is connected with the controller, the switch of increase pump can be controlled to the main control module of controller, can make and keep certain pressure in the pesticide case through setting up the booster pump, and this pressure acts on the pesticide, and then guarantees certain velocity of flow that sprays when making the pesticide spray, controls the booster pump through the controller, can improve the degree of automation that the pesticide sprays.

In further embodiment, the one end that pesticide case side inner wall is close to the top still is equipped with pressure sensor, pressure sensor and controller are connected, the controller still includes the pressure processing module, the pressure data of pressure sensor transmission is received to the pressure processing module, and the pressure processing module compares this pressure data with the pressure value of settlement to send the contrast result to main control module, main control module controls the booster pump switch according to the contrast result, can make pressure sensor detect out the pressure in the pesticide case in real time through this setting, and main control module controls the booster pump simultaneously, ensures that the pressure in the pesticide case is invariable.

In a further embodiment, the spray head comprises a spray rod and a nozzle, the top of the spray rod is connected with the medicine guide pipe, the bottom of the spray rod is connected with the nozzle, and the diameter of the nozzle is larger than that of the spray rod.

In a further embodiment, the lower end face of the nozzle is of an arc surface structure, and a plurality of spray holes are formed in the lower end face of the nozzle along the normal direction, so that pesticide can be sprayed to be scattered all around, the spraying range of the pesticide is expanded, and the pest control effect is improved.

In further embodiment, the fuselage bottom still is equipped with the balancing piece, the one end that the fuselage bottom is close to the camera is located to the balancing piece, because the rear end of fuselage is located to the pesticide case, has the pesticide in the pesticide case and can make the pesticide case to the effort increase of fuselage rear end make the unmanned aerial vehicle main part produce the uneven circumstances of heavy uneven flight of leading to the front and back, can balance the effort to the pesticide case to unmanned aerial vehicle main part rear end through setting up the balancing piece, the stationarity when promoting the flight of unmanned aerial vehicle main part.

In a further embodiment, the camera both sides are equipped with the light respectively, light and battery electric connection can provide the light demand when the camera shoots through setting up the light, are convenient for be used for preventing the monitoring devices of agricultural plant diseases and insect pests and carry out the pest control when night.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also adopts the following technical scheme:

a method of controlling a monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests, comprising the steps of:

firstly: the unmanned aerial vehicle main body flies according to a set path, in the flying process of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body, a camera shoots crops on the flying path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body to form an image, the image is transmitted to a controller, an image processing module in the controller receives the image, common crop pest and disease damage images stored in advance in a storage module are called to be compared with the image shot by the camera, the crop pest and disease damage state and the pest and disease damage type on the flying path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body are confirmed, a main control module controls a spraying system to prevent and control according to the crop pest and disease damage state and the pest and disease damage type, and monitoring;

secondly, the method comprises the following steps: when the monitoring system finds a single disease and insect pest, the main controller controls a booster pump in a pesticide box for storing pesticides corresponding to the disease and insect pest to be boosted, meanwhile, the main controller controls an electromagnetic valve of a spraying mechanism corresponding to the pesticide box to be opened, and the pesticides are sprayed out from a spray head of the spraying system through a pesticide guide pipe to perform disease and insect pest control on crops issued by the unmanned aerial vehicle main body;

then: when the monitoring system finds various plant diseases and insect pests, the main controller controls the booster pumps in pesticide boxes for storing pesticides corresponding to the plant diseases and insect pests to be pressurized simultaneously, and controls the electromagnetic valves of the spraying systems corresponding to the pesticide boxes to be opened, and the pesticides are sprayed out from the spray heads of the spraying systems to perform plant disease and insect pest control on crops below the main body of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

and finally: when the monitoring system finds that crops are healthy, the main controller controls the booster pump and the electromagnetic valve to be closed, and the spraying system stops spraying pesticides.

Has the advantages that: the monitoring device for preventing and treating agricultural diseases and insect pests comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle main body, a monitoring system and a spraying system, wherein the monitoring system comprises a camera and a controller, the controller comprises an image processing module, a storage module and a main control module, the spraying system comprises a spraying mechanism, the spraying mechanism comprises a pesticide box, a spray head, a pesticide guide pipe and an electromagnetic valve, crops on a flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body are shot in real time through designing the camera to form shot images, the image processing module compares the shot images with the disease and insect pest images prestored in the storage module to confirm the disease and insect pest states and the disease and insect pest types of the crops, and the main control module controls the spraying system to perform targeted prevention and treatment on the diseases and insect pests according to the disease and insect pest states and the disease and insect pest types. Compared with the prior art, the invention can monitor agricultural diseases and insect pests in real time, prevent and treat diseases and insect pests instantly and thoroughly, avoid the spread of the diseases and insect pests, and also can prevent and treat the diseases and insect pests in a targeted manner, thereby avoiding the problem of pesticide waste caused by large-area pesticide spraying.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the controller of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the sprinkler system of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the sprinkler system of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the spray head of the present invention.

Fig. 1 to 6 are marked at various places respectively as follows: the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle, a main body 101, an accommodating cavity 1011, a rotor 102, a bracket 103, a support connecting rod 1031, a support cross bar 1032, an elastic ring 1033, a storage battery 104, a balance weight 105, a balance inclined rod 1051, a monitoring system 20, a camera 201, a camera inclined rod 2011, a controller 202, an image processing module 2021, a storage module 2022, a main control module 2023, a pressure processing module 2024, an illuminating lamp 203, a spraying system 30, a spraying mechanism 301, a pesticide box 3011, a cylindrical part 30111, a conical part 30112, a spray head 3012, a spray rod 30121, a nozzle 30122, a spray hole 30123, a pesticide guide pipe 3013, an electromagnetic valve 3014, a booster pump 3015, a pressure sensor 3016, a protective cover 302.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

Researches of researchers find that agricultural pest monitoring and prevention are difficult after agricultural scale production, effective monitoring and prevention are difficult to achieve due to the large farmland range, in order to reduce the harm of agricultural pests and diseases, improve the crop yield and reduce the labor intensity of people, two common methods are adopted at the present stage, one is to regularly spray different types of pesticides on the farmland for many times, and to perform undifferentiated prevention and treatment on the pests and diseases, the method can cause pesticide waste and simultaneously cause a large amount of pesticide residues; the other is to adopt unmanned aerial vehicle to patrol the farmland earlier, discover the pest and disease damage that exists in the farmland and confirm the position, and then control unmanned aerial vehicle through the manual control and carry the pesticide and prevent and treat this position pest and disease damage, and this kind of method can influence the untimely condition of pest and disease damage prevention and cure for the pest and disease damage diffusion, prevention and cure are not thorough.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a monitoring device for controlling agricultural pests, comprising: unmanned aerial vehicle main part 10, monitoring system 20 and spraying system 30

With reference to fig. 2, the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle in this embodiment includes a main body 101, 4 rotors 102, a bracket 103, and a storage battery 104, wherein the rotors 102 are connected to the main body 101 through a connecting rod, a rotating shaft of the rotors 102 is perpendicular to a length direction of the connecting rod, the rotors 102 are electrically connected to the storage battery 104, and the rotors 102 rotate to generate buoyancy to drive the monitoring device to fly after being powered on and started; the support 103 comprises 2 support connecting rods 1031 and 2 support cross rods 1032, the top of each support connecting rod 1031 is fixedly connected with the side edge of the machine body 101, the bottom of each support connecting rod 1031 is stretched towards the two sides of the machine body 101 and is welded and fixed with the middle of each support cross rod 1032, the length direction of each support cross rod 1032 is consistent with the front and back direction of the machine body 101, the distance between the 2 support cross rods 1032 is larger than the width of the machine body 101, when the monitoring device does not work, the monitoring device and the seat support frame 103 are supported on the ground, the two ends of each support cross rod 1032 are sleeved with elastic rings 1033, when the monitoring device falls onto the ground in the flying process, the elastic rings 1033 can play a certain buffering role, and damage to internal elements of the monitoring device caused by hard impact between the monitoring device and; fuselage 101's inside still is equipped with one and accepts chamber 1011, the inside of accepting chamber 1011 is equipped with battery 104, this battery 104 adopts lithium ion battery group, be used for giving unmanned aerial vehicle main part 10, monitoring system 20 and spraying system 30 provide power supply, certainly also have some unmanned aerial vehicle to adopt fuel cell on the market at present, turn into kinetic energy through burning the gas-liquid energy, convert kinetic energy into the electric energy again and provide power supply, this type of device structure is comparatively complicated, simultaneously there is more energy loss in the energy conversion in-process, energy utilization is rateed not highly, rotor 102 and battery 104 electric connection in this embodiment, make rotor 102 can the rotatory monitoring devices flight that drives through battery 104's power supply.

With reference to fig. 3, the monitoring system 20 in this embodiment includes a camera 201 and a controller 202 in communication connection with the camera 201, wherein the camera 201 is disposed at the front end of the airframe 101, the rear end of the camera 201 is connected with a camera-shooting slant bar 2011, the other end of the camera-shooting slant bar 2011 is fixedly connected with the front end of the airframe 101, the horizontal height of the camera 201 is lower than the lower ground of the airframe 101, the shooting angle of the camera 201 horizontally deflects downward by 10 to 30 °, and in the flight process of the main unmanned aerial vehicle 10, the camera 201 shoots the crop images in the front of and below the main unmanned aerial vehicle 10 on the flight path of the main unmanned aerial vehicle 10 and transmits the images; the controller 202 in this embodiment is disposed in the receiving cavity 1011, wherein the controller 202 includes an image processing module 2021, a memory module 2022 and a main control module 2023, the image processing module 2021 receives image information captured by the camera 201, meanwhile, the image processing module 2021 calls the common crop disease and insect pest images stored in the storage module 2022 to compare and confirm the crop disease and insect pest state and the disease and insect pest type on the flight path of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the storage module 2022 stores some common crop disease and insect pest images, the image processing module 2021 transmits the confirmed result to the main control module 2023 in real time, the main control module 2023 controls the spraying system 30 to prevent and treat the diseases and insect pests according to the disease and insect pest state of the crops and the types of the diseases and insect pests, the camera 201 and the controller 202 are both electrically connected with the storage battery 104, and the storage battery 104 provides electric power support for the camera 201 and the controller 202;

referring to fig. 4, the spray system 30 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of spray mechanisms 301, wherein, the spraying mechanism 301 comprises a pesticide box 3011, a spray head 3012, a pesticide guide pipe 3013 and an electromagnetic valve 3014, the spraying system 30 is arranged at the rear end of the bottom surface of the machine body 101, before pest control, a proper amount of pesticide needs to be injected into the pesticide box 3011 in advance, one end of the pesticide guide pipe 3013 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the pesticide box 3011, the other end of the pesticide guide pipe 3013 is fixedly connected with the top of the spray head 3012, the pesticide guide pipe 3013 and the pesticide box 3011 are welded and fixed, the pesticide guide pipe 3013 and the spray head 3012 are connected through screw threads, when the spray head 3012 is blocked, the spray head 3012 can be detached for cleaning and cleaning, the utilization rate of the spray head 3012 is improved, in the pesticide spraying process, pesticide flows through the pesticide guide pipe 3013 from the pesticide box 3011 and is finally sprayed out from the spray head 3012 to spray pesticide to crops below the unmanned aerial vehicle main body 10; the electromagnetic valve 3014 in this embodiment is disposed on the pesticide guiding tube 3013, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve 3014 is connected to the controller 202, the main control module 2023 can control the on/off of the electromagnetic valve 3014, the electromagnetic valve 3014 is electrically connected to the storage battery 104, when the image shot by the camera 201 shows that the pest and disease damage of the crop under the monitoring device is a single pest and disease damage, the main control module 2023 controls the electromagnetic valve 3014 of the spraying mechanism 301 for storing the pesticide corresponding to the pest and disease damage to be opened, so that the pesticide is sprayed out from the spray head 3012 of the spraying mechanism 301 to control the pest and disease damage; when the image shot by the camera 201 shows that the plant diseases and insect pests of the crops below the monitoring device are various plant diseases and insect pests, the main control module 2023 controls the electromagnetic valve 3014 of the spraying mechanism 301 for storing the pesticides corresponding to the plant diseases and insect pests to be opened, so that the pesticides are sprayed out from the spray heads 3012 of the spraying mechanism 301 to control the plant diseases and insect pests; when the image that camera 201 shot shows that the crops below the unmanned aerial vehicle main part 10 do not have plant diseases and insect pests, all solenoid valves 3014 of main control module 2023 control are closed, avoid causing the pesticide waste, realize finding immediately in the prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests in-process and prevent and cure, have avoided the condition of plant diseases and insect pests diffusion, improve the prevention and cure effect of plant diseases and insect pests, carry out thorough prevention and cure to the plant diseases and insect pests. To illustrate that the spraying system 30 has a plurality of spraying mechanisms 301, the number of the spraying mechanisms 301 in this embodiment is 4, the arrangement of the spraying mechanisms 301 is arranged in parallel along the front-back direction of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle, in practical use, an appropriate number of spraying mechanisms 301 can be selected according to the types of common pests and diseases in a certain stage in each region, and meanwhile, the arrangement of the spraying mechanisms 301 is determined according to the size of the spraying mechanisms 301 and the size of the main body 101 of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The spraying system 30 in this embodiment further includes a protective cover 302, wherein the top end of the pesticide box 3011 extends to the inside of the protective cover 302, the bottom end of the pesticide box 3011 extends out of the lower bottom surface of the protective cover 302, the pesticide box 3011 is provided with a fixed partition board 3021, a mounting hole is formed in the fixed partition board 3021, a corrosion-resistant colloid is filled between the outer wall surface of the pesticide box 3011 and the mounting rotary hole, and the pesticide box 3011 is fixedly connected to the protective cover 302 through the colloid. The top of protection casing 302 is equipped with 4 connecting portion, sets up threaded hole on the connecting portion, through the bottom fixed connection of the fuselage 101 that sets up the screw with protection casing 302 and unmanned aerial vehicle main part 10 in the threaded hole.

In a further embodiment, the pesticide box 3011 includes a cylindrical portion 30111 and a conical portion 30112, the bottom end of the cylindrical portion 30111 is fixedly connected to the top end of the conical portion 30112, the bottom end of the conical portion 30112 is connected to the pesticide guide pipe 3013, the lower half portion of the pesticide box 3011 is set to be conical, so that pesticides can accumulate to the conical portion 30112 in the use process, and finally all flow out from the bottom of the conical portion 30112, some pesticide boxes 3011 commonly found on the market adopt a rectangular or other structure, and pesticide residues are often caused by uneven bottom of the pesticide box 3011 or unstable flying of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the pesticide box 3011, which causes pesticide waste.

In a further embodiment, a booster pump 3015 is further provided on the inner wall of the top of the pesticide box 3011, a booster pipe of the booster pump 3015 extends into the pesticide box 3011, and the booster pump 3015 and the pesticide box 3011 are fixedly connected through a thread. The booster pump 3015 is electrically connected to the storage battery 104, and meanwhile, the booster pump 3015 is also connected to the controller 202, and the main control module 2023 of the controller 202 can control the on/off of the booster pump, so that when the booster pump 3015 is turned on, the air pressure in the pesticide box 3011 will increase and act on the pesticide, and the spraying rate of the pesticide from the spray head 3012 will increase. The booster pump 3015 can keep a certain pressure in the pesticide box 3011, and a certain spraying speed is guaranteed when the pesticide is sprayed; meanwhile, the booster pump 3015 is controlled by the controller 202, so that the automation degree of pesticide spraying can be improved.

In a further embodiment, a pressure sensor 3016 is further disposed at one end of the inner wall of the side surface of the pesticide box 3011 close to the top, the pressure sensor 3016 is connected to the controller 202, the controller 202 further includes a pressure processing module 2024, the pressure sensor 3016 detects the pressure inside the pesticide box 3011 in real time and sends pressure data to the pressure processing module 2024, the pressure processing module 2024 receives the pressure data and compares the pressure data with a pressure value set in the pesticide box 3011, the pressure processing module 2024 sends a comparison result to the main control module 2023, the main control module 2023 controls the booster pump 3015 to be turned on or off according to the comparison result, and when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 3016 is smaller than the set pressure value, the main control module 2023 starts the booster pump 3015 to boost the inside the pesticide box 3011 to ensure the spraying speed of the pesticide; when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 3016 is greater than or equal to a set pressure value, the main control module 2023 controls the booster pump 3015 to stop boosting so as to prevent the pesticide from being sprayed too fast due to excessive pressure or prevent the pesticide box 3011 from being deformed and damaged due to excessive expansion of the pressure. Through this setting can make pressure sensor 3016 detect the pressure in pesticide case 3011 in real time, and main control module 2023 controls booster pump 3015 simultaneously, ensures that the pressure in pesticide case 3011 is invariable to speed is invariable when making the pesticide spray from shower nozzle 3012, can prevent that the pesticide from spraying too fast and producing the waste, can guarantee the scope of pesticide radiation again, avoids the pesticide to spray too little, prevents the not thorough condition of pest control.

In a further embodiment, the spray head 3012 comprises a spray rod 30121 and a nozzle 30122, the top of the spray rod 30121 is connected with a medicine guide tube 3013, an internal thread is arranged at one end, close to the medicine guide tube 3013, of the inner wall surface of the spray rod 30121, an external thread is arranged at one end, close to the spray rod 30121, of the outer wall surface of the medicine guide tube 3013, and the spray rod 30121 and the medicine guide tube 3013 are in threaded connection, so that disassembly is convenient; the bottom of the spray rod 30121 is connected with the nozzle 30122, in particular the spray rod 30121 and the nozzle 30122 can be welded and fixed or integrated into one piece, the sealing performance is improved, the diameter of the nozzle 30122 is greater than the diameter of the spray rod 30121, pesticide fills the nozzle 30122 from the spray rod 30121 and is sprayed out from the nozzle 30122, the pesticide is sprayed through the nozzle 30122 in a radiation mode, and the radiation range when the pesticide is sprayed is improved.

In a further embodiment, the lower end surface of the nozzle 30122 is in an arc surface structure, the lower end surface of the nozzle 30122 protrudes in a direction away from the nozzle 30122, the lower end surface of the nozzle 30122 is provided with a plurality of spray holes 30123 along a normal direction, and when the pesticide is sprayed out from the spray holes 30123 of the nozzle 30122, the pesticide can radiate all around, so that the spraying range of the pesticide is expanded, the pest control effect is improved, and the situation that the pesticide cannot be placed completely due to the fact that the spraying range is too small is avoided.

In a further embodiment, the bottom of the main body 101 is further provided with a balance weight 105, one end of the bottom of the main body 101, which is close to the camera 201, is connected with a balance inclined rod 1051, the bottom end of the balance inclined rod 1051 is in threaded connection with the balance weight 105, because the pesticide box 3011 is arranged at the rear end of the main body 101, pesticide is stored in the pesticide box 3011, so that the acting force of the pesticide box 3011 on the rear end of the main body 101 is increased, further, the situation that the front part of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle is light and the rear part of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle is unstable in flight is caused, the acting force of the pesticide box 3011 on the rear end.

In further embodiment, camera 201 both sides are equipped with light 203 respectively, light 203 and battery 104 electric connection, and wherein light 203 is the LED lamp, can guarantee sufficient lighting condition and also can practice thrift the electric energy, can provide the light demand when camera 201 shoots through setting up light 203, is convenient for be used for preventing that the monitoring devices of agricultural plant diseases and insect pests from carrying out the pest control when night.

The monitoring device for preventing and controlling agricultural diseases and insect pests and the prevention and control method thereof provided by the invention comprise the following steps:

firstly: the unmanned aerial vehicle main body 10 flies according to a set path, in the flying process of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body 10, the camera 201 shoots crops on the flying path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body 10 to form an image, the image is transmitted to the controller 202, the image processing module 2021 in the controller 202 receives the image, common crop disease and insect pest images stored in advance in the storage module 2022 are called to be compared with the image shot by the camera 201, the crop disease and insect pest state and the disease and insect pest type on the flying path of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body 10 are confirmed, and the main control module 2023 controls the spraying system 30 to prevent and treat according to the crop disease and insect pest state and the disease and insect pest type, so;

secondly, the method comprises the following steps: when the monitoring system 20 finds a single pest, the main controller controls the booster pump 3015 in the pesticide box 3011 for storing the pesticide corresponding to the pest to boost, and meanwhile, the main controller 202 controls the electromagnetic valve 3014 of the pesticide box 3011 corresponding to the spraying mechanism 301 to open, so that the pesticide is sprayed out from the spray head 3012 of the spraying system 30 through the pesticide guide pipe 3013 to perform pest control on the crop delivered by the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

then: when the monitoring system 20 finds various plant diseases and insect pests, the main controller 202 controls the booster pumps 3015 in the pesticide boxes 3011 for storing pesticides corresponding to the plant diseases and insect pests to be boosted simultaneously, and the main controller controls the electromagnetic valves 3014 of the spraying systems 30 corresponding to the pesticide boxes 3011 to be opened, and the pesticides are sprayed out from the spray heads 3012 of the spraying systems 30 to perform plant disease and insect pest control on crops below the unmanned aerial vehicle main body 10;

and finally: when the monitoring system 20 finds that the crops are healthy, the main controller 202 controls the booster pump 3015 and the solenoid valve 3014 to be closed, and the spraying system 30 stops spraying the pesticide.

Compared with the prior art, the monitoring device for preventing and treating the agricultural diseases and insect pests can monitor the agricultural diseases and insect pests in real time and prevent and treat the agricultural diseases and insect pests in real time, and the diseases and insect pests are prevented from spreading, so that thorough prevention and treatment are realized; meanwhile, the pesticide can be prevented and treated pertinently, and the problems of pesticide waste and pesticide residue caused by large-area indiscriminate pesticide spraying are solved.