阅读说明：本技术 一种人参培养液及其制备方法与应用 (Ginseng culture solution and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 王朝阳 于洪海 王越 刘百茹 王勤龙 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种人参培养液及其制备方法与应用,属于植物栽培领域。其方法包括：在米粉中加入溶剂,浸泡后过滤,取滤液,在滤液中加入维生素B12,混合均匀后备用；取磷酸铵、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硝酸钾、硝酸钙、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁、硼酸、钼酸铵,混合均匀后加水,用超声搅拌器搅拌后静置,分层后去上清液备用；取磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢铵、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、四水硝酸钙、七水硫酸镁,均匀混合后加入乳化剂研磨,乳化后备用；将以上三步所得的混合液、上清液、乳化液混合,加热灭菌,冷却后过滤,既得；本发明经研究试验结果显示：此人参培养液可对人参生长起促进作用,改善农艺学性状并提高抗逆性。(The invention provides a ginseng culture solution and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: adding a solvent into the rice flour, soaking, filtering, taking a filtrate, adding vitamin B12 into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing for later use; taking ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate, uniformly mixing, adding water, stirring by using an ultrasonic stirrer, standing, and removing supernatant for later use after layering; taking monopotassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, uniformly mixing, adding an emulsifier, grinding, and emulsifying for later use; mixing the mixed solution, the supernatant and the emulsion obtained in the three steps, heating for sterilization, cooling and filtering to obtain the product; the research and test results show that: the culture solution can promote growth of Ginseng radix, improve agronomic characteristics and stress resistance.)

1. The ginseng culture solution is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:

15-25 parts of rice flour, 121-5 parts of vitamin B, 3-9 parts of ammonium phosphate, 4-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 4-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 8-20 parts of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 2-8 parts of copper sulfate, 3-11 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-13 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-6 parts of boric acid, 1-6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-9 parts of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and 3-13 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

2. The method for preparing a ginseng culture solution according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a solvent into the rice flour, soaking, filtering, taking a filtrate, adding vitamin B12 into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

step two: mixing ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate uniformly, adding water, stirring by using an ultrasonic stirrer, standing, and layering to obtain supernatant for later use;

step three: taking monopotassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, uniformly mixing, adding an emulsifier, grinding, and emulsifying to obtain an emulsion;

step four: mixing the mixed solution, the supernatant and the emulsion obtained in the three steps, heating for sterilization, cooling and filtering to obtain the ginseng culture solution.

3. The method for preparing a culture solution of ginseng according to claim 2, wherein the solvent is distilled water in the first step.

4. The method for preparing a culture solution of ginseng according to claim 2, wherein the soaking time in the first step is 36 to 60 hours.

5. The method for preparing a culture solution of ginseng according to claim 2, wherein the stirring time of the ultrasonic stirrer in the second step is 40 to 80 minutes.

6. The method for preparing a culture solution of ginseng according to claim 2, wherein the standing time in the second step is 4 to 10 hours.

7. The method for preparing a culture solution of ginseng according to claim 2, wherein the emulsifier in step three is tween 80, and the amount is 0.5% to 1%.

8. The method for preparing a culture solution of ginseng according to claim 2, wherein the heat sterilization temperature in the fourth step is 180 to 220 ℃ for 30 to 60 minutes.

9. Use of a ginseng culture solution as claimed in claim 1 for soilless culture of ginseng.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a ginseng culture solution and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The ginseng is a plant belonging to the genus of Araliaceae of Umbelliferae, is distributed in North America, middle Asia and east Asia, is a rare medicinal plant, can be divided into 5 stages from seedling emergence to seedling withering, namely seedling emergence stage, leaf expanding stage, flowering stage, fruiting stage, growth stage of ginseng roots after fruits and withering dormant stage every year, and has a full growth period of 120-180 days; the root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed of ginseng all contain various saponins, various amino acids, vitamins, volatile oil, polysaccharide, monosaccharide, phenols, peptides, organic acids, fatty oil, steroid acid, choline, trace elements and other components, and the elements are known for stopping bleeding, removing blood stasis, treating traumatic injury, nourishing and strengthening, and have been known for at least 4000 years. Because the growth conditions have strict requirements on soil, the old method for cultivating ginseng by destroying forest is still continuously adopted in ginseng production in China, the method is only limited to cultivation by using forest humus soil, natural vegetation is seriously destroyed, the contradiction between cultivation and forest cultivation is large, and in addition, ginseng grows in mountains which are inconvenient to traffic, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed in transportation, and in addition, ginseng is the same as other perennial plants, land contraindication is strong, continuous cropping cannot be performed, and continuous cropping cannot be performed. Serious diseases, serious burning and root rot can occur in continuous cropping and rotation of ginseng. Although the traditional ginseng cultivation method has high yield, the ecological environment of forest areas and mountain areas is seriously damaged, and the comprehensive benefit is not high. The farmland adopted by the production countries of Korean, Japanese, Canada, American ginseng and the like for planting ginseng and American ginseng has no damage to the ecology, and has the defects of low yield and serious diseases; the farmland improvement cost is high, and the period is long; and the problem that continuous cropping and continuous cropping cannot be realized in farmland ginseng planting. As the biggest ginseng planting country in China, people are urgent to plant ginseng in a more scientific and environment-friendly way in the face of the problem that the contradiction between planting and participating in ginseng in forest lands is gradually prominent.

Soilless culture refers to a method for culturing plants by using substances other than natural soil, and includes water culture, mist (air) culture, substrate culture and the like. Gravel, peat, vermiculite, pumice, sawdust and other chemical inert substances are generally used as soilless culture substrates. The soilless culture can simulate the growth environment of the ginseng, and intensive culture of the ginseng outside the northeast can be realized by adopting the novel ginseng soilless culture substrate; the medium is used for potted ginseng, can meet the requirement of the cultivation period of ginseng and lays a foundation for large-scale popularization of the horticultural ginseng industry. In addition, the most important thing for soilless culture is to irrigate plants with a culture solution to satisfy various nutrient elements required in the growth process of the plants. However, the biggest problem encountered in the soilless culture process of ginseng in China at present is that the problems of pathological changes, nutrient deficiency, ginseng wilting and the like are easy to occur due to the great difficulty of management of soilless culture, and once the problems occur, huge economic loss is brought.

The soilless culture opens a window for ginseng planting, but the problem which is difficult to overcome still exists, and in order to overcome the problem, the cultivation of ginseng varieties with strong stress resistance consumes time and labor, and has a long period, so that the development of a novel high-quality culture solution from the outside is feasible to overcome the problems of pathological changes and the like easily encountered in the growth process of ginseng.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of nutrient deficiency, wilting and pathological changes of the ginseng in soilless culture, and provides a ginseng culture solution and a preparation method thereof.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a ginseng culture solution which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:

15-25 parts of rice flour, 121-5 parts of vitamin B, 3-9 parts of ammonium phosphate, 4-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 4-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 8-20 parts of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 2-8 parts of copper sulfate, 3-11 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-13 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-6 parts of boric acid, 1-6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-9 parts of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and 3-13 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the ginseng culture solution, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a solvent into the rice flour, soaking, filtering, taking a filtrate, adding vitamin B12 into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

step two: mixing ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate uniformly, adding water, stirring by using an ultrasonic stirrer, standing, and layering to obtain supernatant for later use;

step three: taking monopotassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, uniformly mixing, adding an emulsifier, grinding, and emulsifying to obtain an emulsion;

step four: mixing the mixed solution, the supernatant and the emulsion obtained in the three steps, heating for sterilization, cooling and filtering to obtain the ginseng culture solution.

Preferably, the solvent in the first step is distilled water.

Preferably, distilled water is added into the rice flour in the step one, and the soaking time is 36-60 hours.

Preferably, the stirring time of the ultrasonic stirrer in the second step is 40-80 minutes.

Preferably, the standing time in the second step is 4-10 hours.

Preferably, the emulsifier in the third step is tween 80, and the using amount is 0.5% -1%.

Preferably, the heating and sterilizing temperature in the fourth step is 180-220 ℃, and the time is 30-60 minutes.

Preferably, the ginseng culture solution is applied to soilless culture of ginseng.

The invention has the advantages of

The invention provides a ginseng culture solution which is rich in various trace elements, can provide necessary nutrient elements for ginseng plants, promotes the growth of the ginseng plants, improves the agronomic characters of the ginseng plants and improves the stress resistance of the ginseng plants; the stress resistance test and the agronomic character test are carried out on the ginseng, and the positive effect of the ginseng culture solution on the ginseng is further proved.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a ginseng culture solution which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:

15-25 parts of rice flour, 121-5 parts of vitamin B, 3-9 parts of ammonium phosphate, 4-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 4-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 8-20 parts of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 2-8 parts of copper sulfate, 3-11 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-13 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-6 parts of boric acid, 1-6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-9 parts of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and 3-13 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the ginseng culture solution, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a solvent into the rice flour, wherein the solvent is preferably distilled water, filtering after soaking, the soaking time is preferably 36-60 hours, taking a filtrate, adding vitamin B12 into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

step two: taking ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate, uniformly mixing, adding water, stirring by using an ultrasonic stirrer, standing for preferably 40-80 minutes, standing for preferably 4-10 hours, and removing a clear solution for later use after layering;

step three: uniformly mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, adding an emulsifier, grinding, wherein the emulsifier is preferably Tween 80, the addition amount of the emulsifier is preferably 0.5-1%, and emulsifying to obtain an emulsion;

step four: and (3) mixing the mixed solution, the supernatant and the emulsion obtained in the three steps, heating and sterilizing, wherein the heating temperature is preferably 180-220 ℃, the heating time is preferably 30-60 minutes, cooling and filtering to obtain the ginseng culture solution.

The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.