阅读说明：本技术 封闭式下吸式气化炉 (Closed downdraft gasification furnace ) 是由 徐文杰 徐嫣 于 2019-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了封闭式下吸式气化炉,包括炉体、炉顶料仓、锁气排料阀、铺料减速机、液压升降机、铺料轴、铺料括板、燃料、表面带有气孔的炉篦、挡灰锥体、气腔、炉盘、锥体下端盖、燃气管、风机、进气管、出炭输送机、排炭锁气器和泄压口,所述炉体顶部中间位置处通过螺丝固定有液压升降机,且所述液压升降机顶部设置的铺料减速机输出轴通过联轴器与液压升降机输入轴连接,所述液压升降机输出轴通过联轴器与铺料轴连接；本发明,杜绝了进料时粉尘和烟气往外面冒,很大程度上改善了环境,同时去除炉筛,不会产生漏料现象,可燃气体不经过风机,燃气中的粉尘和焦油也不会粘在风机叶轮上导致叶轮失去平衡引起震动,提高设备使用寿命。(The invention discloses a closed downdraft gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body, a furnace top bin, an air locking and discharging valve, a paving speed reducer, a hydraulic lifter, a paving shaft, a paving rubbing board, fuel, a furnace grate with air holes on the surface, an ash blocking cone, an air cavity, a furnace disc, a cone lower end cover, a gas pipe, a fan, an air inlet pipe, a carbon outlet conveyor, a carbon discharging and air locking device and a pressure relief opening, wherein the hydraulic lifter is fixed at the middle position of the top of the furnace body through screws, an output shaft of the paving speed reducer arranged at the top of the hydraulic lifter is connected with an input shaft of the hydraulic lifter through a coupler, and an output shaft of the hydraulic lifter is connected with the paving shaft through the coupler; the invention prevents dust and smoke from emitting to the outside during feeding, improves the environment to a great extent, simultaneously removes a furnace screen, does not generate material leakage phenomenon, combustible gas does not pass through a fan, dust and tar in the gas can not be adhered to the impeller of the fan to cause the impeller to lose balance and shake, and prolongs the service life of equipment.)

1. A closed downdraft gasification furnace is characterized by comprising a furnace body (1), a furnace top bin (2), an air-locking discharge valve (3), a spreading speed reducer (4), a hydraulic lifter (5), a spreading shaft (6), a spreading scraper (7), fuel (8), a grate (9) with air holes on the surface, an ash blocking cone separator (10), an air cavity (11), a furnace disc (12), a cone lower end cover (13), a gas pipe (14), a fan (15), an air inlet pipe (16), a charcoal outlet conveyor (17), a charcoal discharge air locker (18) and a pressure relief opening (19), wherein the hydraulic lifter (5) is fixed at the middle position of the top of the furnace body (1) through screws, an output shaft of the spreading speed reducer (4) arranged at the top of the hydraulic lifter (5) is connected with an input shaft of the hydraulic lifter (5) through a coupler, an output shaft of the hydraulic lifter (5) is connected with the spreading shaft (6) through a coupler, and the spreading shaft (6) vertically extends into the furnace body (1) from the top of the furnace body (1) and is connected with a spreading scraper (7) in the furnace body (1), a furnace top bin (2) is installed at one end of the top of the furnace body (1), a gas locking and discharging valve (3) is installed on the furnace top bin (2), a pressure relief opening (19) is arranged at the other side of the top of the furnace body (1), a cone lower end cover (13) is installed at the bottom opening of the furnace body (1), a furnace disc (12) is arranged between the cone lower end cover (13) and the lower end opening of the furnace body (1), two corresponding side walls at the bottom of the furnace body (1) are correspondingly connected with two ends of a furnace grate (9) with air holes on the surface to form an expanding air port a from top to bottom, the inner side of the furnace grate (9) with air holes on the surface is provided with an expanding air port b from top to bottom which two ash blocking, the all sealing connection in expansion gas port an and the equal sealing connection in expansion gas port b top, expansion gas port b and expansion gas port a form air cavity (11), go out charcoal conveyer (17) are installed to cone lower end cover (13) bottom one end, just row charcoal air-lock ware (18) are installed to cone lower end cover (13) bottom other end, it is slope down state to go out charcoal conveyer (17) to arrange charcoal air-lock ware (18), gas pipe (14) one end penetrates perpendicularly in air cavity (11) from cone lower end cover (13) one side, the inner chamber except air cavity (11) and gas pipe (14) is filled with fuel (8) in furnace body (1), fan (15) are through intake pipe (16) and furnace body (1) top inner chamber UNICOM.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of gasification furnace equipment, in particular to a closed downdraft gasification furnace.

Background

Because the existing downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace can not be sealed, the reasons are that: gasifying agent (air) flows into the gasification furnace from the top of the furnace to react with the raw materials; the gasification furnace causes dust on the furnace top to overflow when feeding, the dust is large in flying dust and has peculiar smell, and the influence on the workshop environment is great; in addition, the existing gasification furnace discharges carbon (or discharges slag) through a rotary furnace screen, carbon ash rotates through the furnace screen during the process, the furnace screen and the carbon ash do relative motion, the carbon ash falls into a carbon discharging cone through a screen hole, and then the carbon ash is discharged out of the gasification furnace through a fan (star-shaped discharge valve) by a spiral conveyor arranged at the bottom of the cone. The cone is negative pressure in normal operation, (because of the gas pipe is installed in the cone) does not deposit the charcoal ash in the cone, in case there is the charcoal ash to pile up in the cone, firstly the charcoal ash is built on stilts easily, can not fall screw conveyer, has leaded to out not having the charcoal, secondly can be along with the gas is inhaled the gas pipe, causes the pipe blockage, brings pressure for low reaches equipment simultaneously. Because no charcoal ash in the cone is empty and negative pressure is generated during operation, the charcoal ash on the furnace screen is easily sucked into the cone when the load is large, the charcoal ash in a gasification layer is caused to directly fall into the cone uncontrollably, cavities occur and material leakage occurs abnormally, therefore, the operation table at the top of the gasification furnace needs to be monitored and filled manually, the phenomenon of furnace explosion caused by the cavities of raw materials is prevented, the gasifier cannot be designed to be totally enclosed, although a cover is additionally designed on some companies, an operation hole is formed in the cover, the operation risk is very large, and the safety coefficient of the gasifier is not high. Because a large amount of combustible gas exists in the cone, the combustible gas cannot be contacted with oxygen, once the oxygen content in the combustible gas exceeds a specified value, the combustible gas in the carbon falling cone of the gasification furnace can explode when meeting sparks or open fire, the combustible gas in the carbon falling cone of the gasification furnace must be isolated from external oxygen, a fan (star-shaped discharge valve) is generally used, because the gas produced by the gasification furnace is pumped out from the cone by an induced draft fan, the cone is in negative pressure, and once the fan is worn or the manufacturing precision is not high, air leakage occurs, great potential safety hazard exists. Dust and tar in fuel gas in the working process of the induced draft fan can be bonded on an impeller of the induced draft fan, so that the impeller loses balance and vibration is caused, and the service life of equipment is shortened; the noise generated by vibration can affect the environment, the tar on the impeller is cleaned in a troublesome way and the efficiency is reduced, and the design of a closed type downdraft gasification furnace is necessary to overcome the defects.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a closed downdraft gasification furnace, which prevents dust and smoke from emitting to the outside during feeding, greatly improves the environment, simultaneously removes a furnace screen, does not generate material leakage phenomenon, changes the original suction of gas from an induced draft fan into the current blowing of the gas, and can prevent oxygen from contacting with combustible gas even if the gas is closed and leaked because the negative pressure in a cone is changed into the positive pressure, thereby eliminating potential safety hazard.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a closed downdraft gasification furnace comprises a furnace body, a furnace top bin, an air locking and discharging valve, a spreading speed reducer, a hydraulic elevator, a spreading shaft, a spreading scraper, fuel, a grate with air holes on the surface, an ash blocking cone, an air cavity, a furnace disc, a cone lower end cover, a gas pipe, a fan, an air inlet pipe, a carbon discharging conveyor, a carbon discharging air locking device and a pressure relief opening, wherein the hydraulic elevator is fixed at the middle position of the top of the furnace body through screws, an output shaft of the spreading speed reducer arranged at the top of the hydraulic elevator is connected with an input shaft of the hydraulic elevator through a coupler, an output shaft of the hydraulic elevator is connected with the spreading shaft through the coupler, the spreading shaft vertically extends into the furnace body from the top of the furnace body and is connected with the spreading scraper in the furnace body, the bin is installed at one end of the top of the furnace body, the air locking valve is installed on the furnace top bin, the other side of the, the furnace body is characterized in that a cone lower end cover is installed at a furnace body bottom end port, a furnace disc is arranged between the cone lower end cover and a furnace body lower end port, two corresponding side walls at the furnace body bottom end and two ends of a furnace grate with air holes on the surface are correspondingly connected to form an expanding type air port a from top to bottom, the inner side of the furnace grate with air holes on the surface is provided with an expanding type air port b from top to bottom, the expanding type air port a and the expanding type air port b are spliced into a triangle by two ash blocking cones, the tops of the expanding type air port a and the expanding type air port b are hermetically connected, the expanding type air port b and the expanding type air port a form an air cavity, one end of the bottom of the cone lower end cover is provided with a carbon outlet conveyer, the other end of the bottom of the cone lower end cover is provided with a carbon discharge air locker, the carbon discharge air locker is in an inclined downward state from the carbon outlet conveyer, one, the fan is communicated with the inner cavity at the top of the furnace body through an air inlet pipe.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fuel is discharged into the furnace body through a bin at the top of the furnace by an air locking discharge valve, the spreading shaft is driven to move by a hydraulic elevator, thereby driving a spreading scraper to move, the fuel is flattened, a spreading speed reducer adjusts the speed of the hydraulic elevator, the fuel is dried, pyrolyzed, reduced and other series of reactions in the furnace and then generates combustible gas which enters an air cavity through an air hole on a grate with an air hole on the surface, finally the fuel gas is sent to a purifying device or an air using terminal by a gas pipe, the gasified fuel is changed into carbon ash at the moment, because the grate with the air hole on the surface is tower-shaped, the carbon ash falls into a cone along the grate with the air hole on the surface, a carbon outlet conveyer sends the carbon ash to the outside of the carbon discharging air locking device, a fan conveys the air into the furnace body through an air inlet pipe, the combustible gas is extruded from the furnace body, the structure stops the dust and the flue gas from emitting to the outside during feeding, and greatly improves the environment, get rid of the stove sieve simultaneously, can not produce the material leakage phenomenon, the gas is inhaled by the draught fan from original, change into present blowing, because change into malleation by the negative pressure in the cone, even close the wind gas leakage, oxygen can not contact with the combustible gas, eliminate except the potential safety hazard, in case find close the wind wearing and tearing have the gas to escape, can change or maintain at once, the combustible gas does not pass through the fan, dust and tar in the gas can not glue and lead to the impeller to lose balance and arouse vibrations on the fan impeller yet, improve equipment life.

Drawings

In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall internal structure of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a furnace body; 2. a furnace top bin; 3. a gas locking and discharging valve; 4. a material spreading speed reducer; 5. a hydraulic lift; 6. paving a material shaft; 7. spreading a material and scraping a plate; 8. a fuel; 9. the surface is provided with a fire grate of air holes; 10. ash blocking and cone separating; 11. an air cavity; 12. a furnace plate; 13. a cone lower end cover; 14. a gas pipe; 15. a fan; 16. an air inlet pipe; 17. a carbon discharging conveyor; 18. a charcoal-discharging air-lock device; 19. a pressure relief port.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in figure 1, the closed downdraft gasification furnace comprises a furnace body 1, a furnace top bin 2, an air locking and discharging valve 3, a spreading speed reducer 4, a hydraulic lifter 5, a spreading shaft 6, a spreading scraper 7, fuel 8, a grate 9 with air holes on the surface, an ash blocking cone 10, an air cavity 11, a furnace disc 12, a cone lower end cover 13, a gas pipe 14, a fan 15, an air inlet pipe 16, a charcoal outlet conveyer 17, a charcoal discharging and air locking device 18 and a pressure relief opening 19, wherein the hydraulic lifter 5 is fixed at the middle position of the top of the furnace body 1 through screws, an output shaft of the spreading speed reducer 4 arranged at the top of the hydraulic lifter 5 is connected with an input shaft of the hydraulic lifter 5 through a coupler, an output shaft of the hydraulic lifter 5 is connected with the spreading shaft 6 through the coupler, the spreading shaft 6 vertically extends into the furnace body 1 from the top of the furnace body 1 and is connected with the spreading scraper 7 in the furnace body 1, the furnace top bin 2 is arranged at one, and the furnace top bin 2 is provided with an air locking and discharging valve 3, the other side of the top of the furnace body 1 is provided with a pressure relief port 19, the bottom port of the furnace body 1 is provided with a cone lower end cover 13, a furnace disc 12 is arranged between the cone lower end cover 13 and the bottom port of the furnace body 1, two corresponding side walls of the bottom of the furnace body 1 are correspondingly connected with two ends of a furnace grate 9 with air holes on the surface to form an expanding type air port a from top to bottom, the inner side of the furnace grate 9 with air holes on the surface is provided with an expanding type air port b from top to bottom which is spliced by two ash blocking cones 10 into a triangle, the expanding type air port a and the top of the expanding type air port b are hermetically connected, the expanding type air port b and the expanding type air port a form an air cavity 11, one end of the bottom of the cone lower end cover 13 is provided with an air outlet conveyer 17, the other end of the bottom of, one end of a gas pipe 14 vertically penetrates into the gas cavity 11 from one side of the cone lower end cover 13, the gas cavity 11 in the furnace body 1 and the inner cavity outside the gas pipe 14 are filled with fuel 8, and a fan 15 is communicated with the inner cavity at the top of the furnace body 1 through a gas inlet pipe 16.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: the fuel 8 is discharged into the furnace body 1 through the gas locking and discharging valve 3 through the furnace top bin 2, the material spreading shaft 6 is driven to move through the hydraulic lifter 5, thereby driving the material spreading bracket 7 to move, the fuel 8 is flattened, the material spreading speed reducer 4 adjusts the speed of the hydraulic lifter 5, the combustible gas generated after a series of reactions such as drying, pyrolysis, reduction and the like of the fuel 8 in the furnace enters the air cavity 11 through the air holes on the grate 9 with air holes on the surface, finally the fuel gas is sent to the purifying equipment or the gas using terminal through the gas pipe 14, the gasified fuel 8 is changed into carbon ash at the moment, because the grate 9 with air holes on the surface is tower-shaped, the carbon ash falls into a cone along the grate 9 with air holes on the surface, the carbon outlet conveyer 17 sends the carbon ash to the carbon discharging and gas locking device 18 to be discharged out of the furnace, the air is conveyed into the furnace body 1 through the air inlet pipe 16 by the fan 15, the combustible gas is extruded out of the furnace body 1, dust and flue gas emit toward the outside when having stopped the feeding, to a great extent has improved the environment, get rid of the stove sieve simultaneously, can not produce the material phenomenon of leaking, the gas is from original inhaling by draught fan 15, change into present blowing, because change into the malleation by the negative pressure in the cone, even close the wind gas leakage, oxygen can not contact with combustible gas, the potential safety hazard has been eliminated, in case find close the wind wearing and tearing have the gas escape, can change or maintain at once, combustible gas does not pass through fan 15, dust and tar in the gas can not glue and lead to the impeller to lose balance and arouse vibrations yet on the fan impeller, improve equipment life.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.