Detecting channel changes by automatic content recognition fingerprint matching
阅读说明:本技术 通过自动内容辨识指纹匹配来检测频道改变 (Detecting channel changes by automatic content recognition fingerprint matching ) 是由 瑞坤·陈 于 2016-05-26 设计创作,主要内容包括:本申请涉及通过自动内容辨识指纹匹配来检测频道改变。所揭示系统及方法从媒体装置接收包含正被消费的内容的有序帧序列的查询指纹,且通过确定相应帧指纹与所述有序帧序列中的对应者之间的距离而对所述查询指纹与帧指纹进行匹配。可通过跨越二叉树结构的叶节点按时间顺序用相应距离来填充所述二叉树结构且接着记录根节点的值而执行所述匹配。如果低于最大阈值,那么存在匹配。所述系统及方法可通过遍历所述二叉树结构的子树且在所述子树的第一或第二节点处定位低值(或零)而检测所述媒体装置处的频道改变。此频道改变可用于将媒体对准被流式传输到所述媒体装置的内容。(The application relates to detecting channel changes by automatic content recognition fingerprint matching. The disclosed systems and methods receive a query fingerprint from a media device that includes an ordered sequence of frames of content being consumed, and match the query fingerprint to frame fingerprints by determining distances between respective frame fingerprints and corresponding ones of the ordered sequence of frames. The matching may be performed by populating a binary tree structure with respective distances in chronological order across leaf nodes of the binary tree structure and then recording the value of the root node. If below the maximum threshold, then there is a match. The systems and methods may detect a channel change at the media device by traversing a sub-tree of the binary tree structure and locating a low value (or zero) at a first or second node of the sub-tree. This channel change may be used to align the media to the content being streamed to the media device.)
1. A system, comprising:
data processing hardware; and
memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware, the memory hardware storing instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, cause the data processing hardware to:
receiving a broadcast fingerprint indicating that broadcast frames of a broadcast media stream are streamed to a plurality of channels by a broadcast station;
receiving a TV fingerprint indicating an ordered TV frame sequence of TV media streams at respective media devices;
matching the TV fingerprint and the broadcast fingerprint by determining differences between the respective broadcast fingerprint and respective TV fingerprints of the ordered sequence of TV frames, wherein the matching comprises populating a binary tree structure with the respective differences; and
detecting the channel change of the media device from a first channel to a second channel in response to locating a value indicative of a channel change in the binary tree structure within a threshold number of child nodes from a root node while traversing the binary tree structure downward.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the value indicative of the channel change is at or below a threshold maximum value.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the value indicative of the channel change indicates how different two frames are from each other.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the value indicative of the channel change is indicative of a difference between the first channel and the second channel.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein detecting the channel change comprises locating a respective value at a first node of a right or left sub-tree positioned below the root node.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein detecting the channel change comprises locating a respective value at a second node of a right or left sub-tree positioned below the root node.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein populating the binary tree structure with respective differences comprises:
populating leaf nodes of the binary tree structure with values of the respective differences in chronological order from one side of the binary tree structure to an opposite side; and
populating the parent node with a value derived by adding values of child nodes connected to the parent node.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise determining an identity of the second channel by identifying channel streaming content having broadcast frames matching frames at an end of the ordered sequence of TV frames.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to detecting the channel change, notifying an advertising ad targeter of the identity of the second channel being viewed.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the ad target determiner is further configured to:
sending a notification of the channel change and the identity of the second channel to an ad server located across a network; and
receiving, from the ad server, replacement ad or overlay content to align with a commercial slot of the second channel.
11. A method, comprising:
receiving, at data processing hardware, a broadcast fingerprint indicating that broadcast frames of a broadcast media stream are streamed to a plurality of channels by a broadcast station;
receiving, at the data processing hardware, a TV fingerprint indicative of an ordered TV frame sequence of a TV media stream at a respective media device;
matching, via the data processing hardware, the respective broadcast fingerprint and the broadcast fingerprint by determining a difference between the respective broadcast fingerprint and a respective TV fingerprint of the ordered sequence of TV frames, wherein the matching comprises populating a binary tree structure with the respective differences; and
detecting, via the data processing hardware, a channel change of the media device from a first channel to a second channel in response to locating a value indicative of the channel change in the binary tree structure within a threshold number of child nodes from a root node while traversing the binary tree structure downward.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the value indicating the channel change is equal to or below a threshold maximum value.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the value indicating the channel change indicates how different two frames are from each other.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the value indicative of the channel change is indicative of a difference between the first channel and the second channel.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein detecting the channel change comprises locating a respective value at a first node of a right or left sub-tree positioned below the root node.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein detecting the channel change comprises locating a respective value at a second node of a right or left sub-tree positioned below the root node.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein populating the binary tree structure with respective differences comprises:
populating leaf nodes of the binary tree structure with values of the respective differences in chronological order from one side of the binary tree structure to an opposite side; and
populating the parent node with a value derived by adding values of child nodes connected to the parent node.
18. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining, via the data processing hardware, an identity of the second channel by identifying channel streaming content having broadcast frames matching frames at an end of the ordered sequence of TV frames.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising notifying, via the data processing hardware, in response to detecting the channel change, an advertising ad targeter of the identity of the second channel being viewed.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the ad target determiner is further configured to:
sending a notification of the channel change and the identity of the second channel to an ad server located across a network; and
receiving, from the ad server, replacement ad or overlay content to align with a commercial slot of the second channel.
Technical Field
The present application relates generally to media content identification.
Background
A media consumption device, such as a smart Television (TV), may access broadcast digital content and receive data, such as streaming media, from a data network, such as the internet. Streaming media refers to services in which media content, such as movies or news, can be provided to end users via telephone lines, cable television, the internet, and so forth upon request. For example, a user may watch a movie without having to leave their residence. Also, the user can access various types of educational content (e.g., video lectures) without having to physically visit a school or educational institution.
As the number of media consumption devices continues to increase, video content generation and delivery may similarly increase. With the increase in the use of media consumption devices, such as smart phones, tablets, and smart televisions, to access streaming media, content or network providers, such as local broadcasters, multi-channel networks, and other content owners/distributors, may distribute contextually-relevant material to viewers consuming the streaming media, such as media programs. For example, the local broadcast station may include contextually relevant advertisements and interactive content with the streaming media.
Disclosure of Invention
In one aspect, the present application provides a system for identifying media, comprising: a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions and a database having a plurality of frame fingerprints associated with media programs streamed to a plurality of channels; at least one processing device to execute the instructions to: receiving a query fingerprint of content being consumed from a media device, the query fingerprint containing an ordered sequence of frames; matching the query fingerprint with a respective frame fingerprint by determining distances between the plurality of frame fingerprints stored in the database and corresponding ones of the ordered sequence of frames, wherein matching comprises populating a binary tree structure with the respective distances; detecting a channel change from a first channel to a second channel in response to locating a zero value within a threshold number of child nodes from a root node while traversing the binary tree structure downward; and determining an identity of the second channel by identifying a channel streaming content having frames matching frames at an end of the ordered sequence of frames of the query fingerprint.
In another aspect, the present application provides a method for identifying media, comprising: receiving a query fingerprint of content being consumed from a media device, the query fingerprint containing an ordered sequence of frames; matching, using at least one processing device, the query fingerprint and a respective frame fingerprint by determining distances between a plurality of frame fingerprints stored in a database in memory and corresponding ones of the ordered sequence of frames, comprising: populating leaf nodes of a binary tree structure with values of respective distances in chronological order from one side to an opposite side of the binary tree structure; populating parent nodes of the binary tree structure with values derived by adding values of child nodes connected to the parent nodes; and detecting a value at or below a preset maximum threshold at a root node of the binary tree structure to indicate a match; and notify a content manager logic of a channel corresponding to the matched query fingerprint such that the content manager logic can target media to content streamed to the channel.
In yet another aspect, the present application provides a server, comprising: a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions and a database having a plurality of frame fingerprints associated with media programs streamed to a plurality of channels; at least one processing device to execute the instructions to: matching the query fingerprint with a respective frame fingerprint by determining distances between a plurality of frame fingerprints stored in the database and corresponding ones of the ordered sequence of frames, comprising: populating leaf nodes of a binary tree structure with values of respective distances in chronological order from one side to an opposite side of the binary tree structure; populating parent nodes of the binary tree structure with values derived by adding values of child nodes connected to the parent nodes; and detecting a value at or below a preset maximum threshold at a root node of the binary tree structure to indicate a match; and notify a content manager logic of a channel corresponding to the matched query fingerprint such that the content manager logic can target media to content streamed to the channel.
Drawings
The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description given below and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the invention. The drawings, however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments, but are for explanation and understanding only.
Fig. 1 illustrates a system diagram of a content distribution network, in accordance with one embodiment.
FIG. 2 illustrates a content manager to provide overlay content to a client device, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 3 illustrates a system diagram of an Automatic Content Recognition (ACR) engine of the content manager of FIG. 2 for fingerprinting media content.
Fig. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of an Automatic Content Recognition (ACR) method that matches a sequence of frames of an input (or query) fingerprint to identify a corresponding television program, according to one embodiment.
Fig. 5 is an exemplary diagram of a populated binary tree structure indicating a channel change at the middle of a 64-frame query fingerprint by a media device.
Fig. 6 is an exemplary diagram of a populated binary tree structure indicating a channel change to a 64 frame query fingerprint after 12 frames.
Fig. 7 is an exemplary diagram of a populated binary tree structure indicating a channel change at the
Fig. 8 illustrates a flow diagram of an ACR method that employs a binary tree structure to match fingerprints and detect a channel change of a media device.
Fig. 9 illustrates a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.
Detailed Description
Media content broadcasts or streaming, such as Television (TV) or internet programming, may be an attractive place to advertise products and services, provide information to viewers, or any combination thereof. Thus, the broadcast station wants to know what programs individual viewers are watching and when, so that the subject matter of those programs can be used to accurately target advertisements and other useful (optionally) non-commercial information to the viewers. For example, the non-commercial advertisement may include a news alert, an announcement, or educational information. Accordingly, it would be advantageous to determine the program that a user is watching or is about to watch and send an identification of the program information to an advertisement ("ad") targeter or server for use in such targeting activities. To facilitate such targeting actions, it is advantageous to quickly detect a channel change so as not to miss a targeting opportunity that may follow the channel change.
The disclosed systems and methods receive a query fingerprint from a media device that includes an ordered sequence of frames of content consumed by a user. The system and method matches query fingerprints to frame fingerprints by determining distances between respective frame fingerprints and corresponding ones of an ordered sequence of frames, the frame fingerprints being stored by the system for individual frames of a program streamed to a plurality of television channels. For example, the distance may include a numerical value indicating the degree to which two frames are different from each other or the difference between the channels on which the two respective frames are streamed. In another embodiment, the distance is derived by summing the absolute distance of each frame pair between two fingerprints.
Matching a query fingerprint to fingerprints from known programs or channels may be performed by populating a binary tree structure with respective distances (between respective frames) in chronological order across leaf nodes of the binary tree structure and then recording the value of the root node. When the value is below a preset maximum threshold, then there is a match. In one example, the maximum threshold is a small number or zero, for example, indicating a very small difference and a statistically close match.
Populating a binary tree structure may occur by populating, from left to right (or right to left), respective distances between respective frame fingerprints and the ordered sequence of frames across leaf nodes (or first children) of the binary tree structure. As the binary tree structure is populated up to the root node, the parent then presents a sum or addition of the values of its two children, as will be discussed in more detail.
In some cases, a television channel may be changed halfway through an ordered sequence of frames of a query fingerprint, for example during a transition from a first channel change to a second channel. This may produce a median at the root node, indicating a mismatch, but the second half of the ordered sequence of frames of the query fingerprint may actually match the frame fingerprint of the originating content. The systems and methods may detect a channel change at a media device by traversing a right (or left) sub-tree of a binary tree structure and locating a threshold low value (or zero) at a first node or a second node of the sub-tree. The channel that streams the media content that matches the ordered sequence of frames of the query fingerprint at the end of the ordered sequence of frames may then be considered a new (or second) channel. Detecting a channel change may be used to target media to content being streamed to the media device as quickly and continuously as possible regardless of the channel change.
The system and method may send an identification of a channel to an ad server and receive advertisements from the ad server that are contextually relevant to the subject matter of the media program played on that channel. The systems and methods may then deliver advertisements (or other content) to the media device during breaks in the media program (e.g., specific time slots or locations) to be displayed as an overlay or as a replacement advertisement (or information segment).
To provide media content to a viewer, an individual or organization may stream the media content to the viewer, for example, by delivering the media content to the viewer via the internet. The media content used by an individual or organization may be media content (e.g., video data) acquired from one or more live broadcast media feeds. For example, a media content provider may provide a linear media channel (e.g., media provided to viewers from a live media feed source) to a user via the internet.
The word "content" may be used to refer to media or multimedia. The word "content" may also be a specific term that means the subject matter of the media, not the media itself. Likewise, the word "media" and some compound words (e.g., multimedia, hypermedia) that include "media" instead refer to reference content, rather than to the channel through which information is delivered to the end user/viewer. The media or media content may include graphical representations such as: videos, movies, television programs, commercials, streaming videos, and the like; characters; a graph; animation; a static image; an interactive content form; and so on. An example of a type of content commonly referred to as a media type is a "moving picture" called a "movie".
In one embodiment, a content overlay system or content overlay device may enable combining media content with specific, timely, and/or targeted overlay content (e.g., advertisements). The content overlay system or content overlay device may enable an overlay content provider to attract the attention of a viewer by inviting the viewer to respond to a call for action within the content overlay (e.g., an invitation to attract attention to the content overlay). One advantage of inviting viewers to a call for action can be providing a return path or a follow path for viewers to request additional information, ask questions, provide input, contact the provider of the advertised service or product, and the like. Another advantage of inviting viewers to a call for action may be providing a return or follow path to the advertiser to provide additional information, further draw the attention of the viewer, collect additional information about the viewer, answer questions of the viewer about the advertised product or service, and so forth. In another example, a content overlay system or content overlay device may enable advertisers to use cross-platform retargeting campaigns once a viewer has viewed and/or interacted with overlay content of a media program.
Fig. 1 illustrates a system diagram of a content distribution network 100, according to one example. In the content distribution network 100, the content provider 102 may broadcast content feeds to the local providers 106. The home provider 106 may include a headend 104 and an Automated Content Recognition (ACR) fingerprinter server 105. Content feeds from the content provider 102 may be received at the headend 104 of the local provider 106. The headend 104 may generate a local content feed based on the received content feed. For example, the head end 104 may be a local simulcast broadcast station that receives network channels with programs and advertisements from national or global broadcast stations.
The headend 104 may communicate the local content feed to an ACR fingerprinter server 105, a wireless (OTA) broadcast station 108, and/or a multi-channel video program distributor (MVPD) 110. The OTA broadcaster 108 and/or MVPD 110 can deliver the local content feed to the media device 115. Some examples of media devices 115 include client devices 118 and 120, set top boxes 114 that stream provider content to client devices 118 and 120, and other devices 116 (e.g., through which a user can stream local content feeds wirelessly).
In one example, the OTA broadcaster 108 can broadcast the local content feed using a conventional local television or radio channel. In this example, client devices 118 and 120 may include antennas (e.g., TV or radio antennas) and receive local content feeds. In another example, the MVPD 110 (e.g., a cable television or satellite radio station) may deliver a local content feed to the set-top box 114. In this example, the set top box 114 may format the content feed for the client devices 118 and 120 and may deliver the formatted content feed to the client devices 118 and 120. Client devices 118 and 120 may include a display device (e.g., a television screen or touch screen) to display local content to a viewer. The various components of the content distribution network 100 may be integrated or coupled to client devices 118 and 120. For example, a smart television may include an antenna, a set-top box 114, and a display device in a single unit.
The ACR fingerprint server 105 can analyze the local content feed and determine fingerprint information (e.g., fingerprints). The ACR fingerprint server 105 can communicate the fingerprint to the ACR systems 124 and/or 126. The ACR systems 124 and 126 can be different ACR systems selected by the device manufacturer, such as a smart TV manufacturer. In some embodiments, the ACR system 124 includes an ACR fingerprint sequence matcher 125, as described below. The ACR fingerprint sequence matcher 125 may match frame fingerprints with the original video content from which the corresponding video frames originated. The ACR system 126 may or may not have an ACR fingerprint sequence matcher 125. Details regarding the ACR fingerprint sequence matcher 125 are described below with respect to fig. 3.
The ACR fingerprint server 105 can analyze the local content feed and capture a fingerprint, which can include an ordered sequence of frames from the local content feed. The ACR fingerprint server 105 can communicate the fingerprint to the ACR systems 124 and/or 126. The ACR systems 124 and 126 can be different ACR systems selected by the device manufacturer, such as a smart TV manufacturer. In one example, the ACR fingerprint server 105 can format fingerprints for different ACR systems 124 and 126 (e.g., which include different types of fingerprinting techniques, such as different fingerprinting algorithms). The ACR systems 124 and 126 can establish communication connections with different media devices 115, including client devices 118 and 120, respectively. The client devices 118 and 120 may communicate the fingerprint information to the ACR systems 124 and 126, respectively. When the ACR system 124 or 126 receives ACR fingerprint information from the client devices 118 and/or 120, the ACR system 124 or 126 can match the received fingerprint against the fingerprint generated by the ACR fingerprint server 105 and can communicate the ACR event to the content manager 122 when the match occurs and the content has been identified.
In another example, the ACR systems 124 and 126 can receive ACR fingerprint information from the client devices 118 and 120 and can match the received fingerprint to a fingerprint generated by the ACR fingerprint server 105. When a match occurs and content has been identified, the ACR system 124 and/or 126 can notify the client device 118 or 120 of ACR events and then the client device 118 or 120 can communicate those ACR events to the content manager 122. Alternatively or additionally, the ACR systems 124 and/or 126 can communicate the ACR events directly to the content manager 122. The ACR fingerprint information may include: display of advertisements in the local content feed to the viewer, display of selected or tagged content in the local content feed to the viewer, change in content channel at the client device 118 or 120, and so forth.
The event information from the different ACR systems 124 and 126 can be in different formats and the content manager 122 can normalize the data to a common format before storing the data into the database 123. For example, the content manager 122 may receive distinct data sets from the ACR systems 124 and 126 that include similar but non-identical data (e.g., data having the same content but formatted differently). The content manager 122 may process and reformat the disparate data sets to form a single data model or format (e.g., a reformatted data set) and may populate the reformatted data set into a database 123 in the content manager 122.
In one embodiment, to normalize the distinct data sets from the ACR systems 124 and 126, the content manager 122 may sanitize or filter the data in the data sets. For example, some data sets may contain fields or data that may not be related to the content manager 122. In this example, content manager 122 may cleanse or filter irrelevant data (e.g., the data may be removed or ignored). In another example, some data sets may include instances of incomplete or incorrect data or data sets and the content manager 122 may sanitize or filter the incomplete or incorrect data or data sets. In another embodiment, to normalize distinct data sets from the ACR systems 124 and 126, the content manager 122 may map fields of the data sets. For example, when the content manager 122 receives a first data set from the ACR system 124 and a second data set from the ACR system 126, at least some of the data fields of the first and second data sets may be common to both the first and second data sets. However, the common data field may be located at different locations in the first data set and the second data set. In this example, content manager 122 may map different data fields of the first data set and the second data set to normalized fields and locate the same data fields in the same data field locations in database 123.
In another embodiment, to normalize distinct data sets from the ACR systems 124 and 126, the content manager 122 may derive data from the data sets. For example, the data from the ACR systems 124 and/or 126 may not contain all of the fields needed to populate the data fields in the database. However, the content manager 122 may use other fields in the data sets from the ACR systems 124 and 126 to derive data for these data fields.
In one example, the database 123 may include data fields such as a state of country field, a Designated Market Area (DMA), and a county and/or city field, but the data sets from the ACR systems 124 and 126 may only include a Zone Improvement Plan (ZIP) code. In this example, the content manager 122 may use ZIP codes to derive data for fields in the database. In another example, the data set may not contain any geographic location information, but may include Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of the ACR systems 124 and 126. In this example, the content manager 122 may use a geographic IP lookup service to derive state, DMA, county, city, and ZIP code information.
In another example, database 123 may include demographic fields, such as an age field, a gender field, a household income field, and so forth. However, the data sets from the ACR systems 124 and 126 may not include demographic fields or demographic data. In this example, the ACR systems 124 and 126 can provide the content manager 122 with the IP addresses of the client devices 118 and 120. The content manager 122 may use the IP address to determine demographic data to populate data fields in the database.
In another example, fields in the first data set from the ACR system 124 may include local time zone information, such as mountainous daylight savings time (MDT) zone, and the second data set from the ACR system 126 may include information from another time zone, such as a coordinated Universal Time (UTC) zone. The database may store all data using UTC and the content manager 122 may convert the local time to UTC before storing the data in the database 123.
In one embodiment, the content manager 122 may use the normalized data to generate reports or data (viewing data) about user viewing behavior across different ACR technology vendors and smart TVs or other internet connected video devices. Content manager 122 and media device 115 may include communication interfaces to communicate information (e.g., overlay content) between media device 115 and content manager 122.
In one example, the communication interface may communicate information using a cellular network and/or a wireless network. In one example, the communication network may be a cellular network, which may be a third generation partnership project (3GPP)
In one example, the content manager 122 may also instruct the media device 115 to replace portions of the local content feed received from the OTA broadcaster 108 or the MVPD 110 with overlay content. In another example, content manager 122 may instruct media device 115 to overlay or overlay a portion of the local content feed. The content manager 122 can aggregate ACR information across multiple ACR systems 124 and 126 and can deliver overlay content to different client devices 118 and 120, where the client devices 118 and 120 can be from different device manufacturers.
The content manager 122 may also establish communication connections with other devices 116, typically classified as media devices 115. In one example, the other device 116 may communicate with the client device 118 or 120 and provide an additional screen (e.g., a second screen) to display the overlay content. For example, the client devices 118 and 120 may receive and display local content feeds to the user from the OTA broadcaster 108 or the MVPD 110. When an ACR event occurs, the other devices 116 can also communicate ACR event information to the ACR systems 124 and 126, as discussed in the preceding paragraphs. When the content manager 122 receives the ACR event information, the content manager 122 can communicate the overlay content to the other devices 116.
In one example, client devices 118 and 120 may continue to display the local content feed while other devices 116 display the overlay content. In another example, client devices 118 and 120, as well as other device 116, may both display overlay content. In another example, client devices 118 and 120, as well as other devices 116, may display a portion of the overlay content and a portion of the local content feed. In another example, client devices 118 and 120, as well as other devices 116, may display different local content feeds and/or overlay content.
In one example, client devices 118 and 120 and/or other device 116 may display the overlay content as soon as the overlay content is received. In another example, client devices 118 and 120 and/or other device 116 may delay displaying the overlay content for a threshold period of time. The threshold time period may be a predefined time period, or the content manager 122 may select a time period for the client devices 118 and 120 and/or other devices 116 to delay displaying the overlay content.
Fig. 2 illustrates a content manager 222 to provide overlay content to a media device 115, such as
The content manager 222 may include the
The
In another or related embodiment, the
With further reference to fig. 2, the
In one embodiment, the
Further, the
In one example, the overlay request may include a media content Identifier (ID). In another example, the overlay request may include overlay information or overlay parameters. In one example, the overlay decision engine 210 may use the content ID, overlay information, and/or overlay parameters to identify the target overlay content. In another example, the overlay decision engine 210 may identify the overlay format using the content ID, the overlay information, and/or the overlay parameters. The overlay decision engine 210 may compare the content ID, overlay information, and/or overlay parameters to the
The
When the overlay decision engine 210 identifies targeted overlay content with the help of the
When the ACR fingerprint information matches the user fingerprint information, the
The
Fig. 3 is a system diagram of the
The
For example, when the
In addition, the
In yet another example, different ACR fingerprinting algorithms may be provided by third party ACR vendors. When different ACR fingerprinting algorithms are provided by such vendors, the
In some embodiments, the
When the
In one example, different ACR fingerprinting algorithms may be used on the same content to provide different fingerprint information to lookup servers of different ACR providers. An advantage of fingerprinting the same content (e.g., content frames) 302 in different ways may be to provide contextually relevant advertisements and interactive content to different viewers of the media consumption device. In another example, the content frames 302 may include media content from different feeds. In this example, different ACR fingerprinting algorithms may be used on the content of different feeds of the content frames 302 to provide different fingerprinting information to the look-up servers of different ACR providers.
Different fingerprinting information may be uploaded to the lookup servers of different ACR vendors, respectively. Different ACR vendors can be integrated on viewing devices manufactured by different Contract Equipment Manufacturers (CEMs). For example, Toshiba television may utilizeACR fingerprint formation and
can be used by televisionACR fingerprint formation. An advantage of theIn one example, the
As discussed, the
In order for the matching result to have confidence,
Fig. 4 illustrates a flow diagram 400 of an Automatic Content Recognition (ACR) method that matches a sequence of frames of an input (or query) fingerprint to identify a corresponding television program, according to one embodiment. The method may be performed, at least in part, by processing logic that may comprise hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.), software (e.g., instructions executed by a processing device), firmware, or a combination thereof. The method may be performed by processing logic of a client device (e.g.,
Referring to fig. 4, processing logic begins with receiving media content from a content feed at a content (or media) device (402). The logic may continue to perform fingerprinting on the media content to generate an input (or query) fingerprint containing a sequence of frames and a corresponding time-based index (e.g., a corresponding timestamp) (404). The logic may continue to match the query fingerprint against a plurality of frame fingerprints from the original media content according to the time-based index to identify a media program corresponding to the media content (406).
Fig. 5 is an exemplary diagram of a populated
A conventional approach, in which media frames are matched frame by frame, may be by calculating the distance between the frames, and only finding a match when the distance between the respective frames of the query fingerprint is zero. As illustrated in fig. 5, a binary tree structure may provide an alternative to this conventional approach. For example, the ACR engine may populate
More specifically, the example of fig. 5 illustrates populating the
However, since the channel is changed part way through, the second half of the query fingerprint matches the frame fingerprint, resulting in a distance of zero all the way along the
Fig. 6 is an exemplary diagram of a populated binary tree structure 600 indicating a channel change to a 64 frame query fingerprint after 12 frames. Within the plurality of leaf nodes 604, the channel changes to the ordered sequence of frames of the current query fingerprint at the 13 th node. The plurality of parent nodes 606 propagate distances up the left sub-tree 612 of the binary tree structure, ending at the root node 608 with a smaller distance value of 12. In one embodiment, the value 12 may be sufficiently below the threshold maximum distance at the root node to be considered a match. In this case, the match would be a match with the current channel or program (designated "9" in fig. 6).
However, in another embodiment, the value 12 at the root node may not be considered a match, and thus the ACR engine may continue traversing down the right sub-tree 616 of the binary tree structure 600 to determine if there is a small enough distance (e.g., a threshold maximum value or lower) at the first or second node of the right sub-tree to detect a channel change. The threshold maximum value may be zero or a relatively small value, such as 8, 10, 12, or 16.
Fig. 7 is an exemplary diagram of a populated
The
Fig. 8 illustrates a flow diagram 800 of an ACR method that employs a binary tree structure to match fingerprints and detect a channel change of a media device. The method may be performed, at least in part, by processing logic that may comprise hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.), software (e.g., instructions executed by a processing device), firmware, or a combination thereof. The method may be performed by processing logic of a client device (e.g.,
Referring to fig. 8, processing logic begins with receiving a query fingerprint of consumed content from a media device, the query fingerprint containing an ordered sequence of frames (810). Processing logic may further match the query fingerprint to a respective frame fingerprint by determining distances between the plurality of frame fingerprints stored in the database and corresponding ones of the ordered sequence of frames (820). Matching may include a number of steps, but in one embodiment matching may include populating leaf nodes of the binary tree structure with respective distance values chronologically from left to right (822) and populating parent nodes with values derived by adding values of child nodes connected to the parent nodes (824).
Processing logic may further detect a channel change from the first channel to the second channel in response to locating a zero value within a threshold number of child nodes from the root node while traversing the binary tree structure downward (830). Processing logic may further determine an identity of the second channel by identifying a channel that streams content having frames that match frames at the end of the ordered sequence of frames of the query fingerprint (840). Processing logic may further notify an advertisement ("ad") targeter of the identity of a second channel being viewed in response to detecting the channel change, such that the ad targeter may adjust targeting media to content streamed to the second channel (850).
For example, the logic may send an identification of the media program to an ad server and receive an advertisement from the ad server that is contextually relevant to the subject matter of the media program. Logic may then deliver the advertisement (or other content) to the media device for display as an overlay or replacement advertisement (or information segment) during the commercial break in the media program.
Fig. 9 illustrates a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a
The
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The computer-readable storage medium 925 may also be used to store
While the present invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of this present invention.
In the description herein, numerous specific details are set forth, such as examples of specific types of processors and system configurations, specific hardware structures, specific architectural and microarchitectural details, specific register configurations, specific instruction types, specific system components, specific measurements/heights, specific processor pipeline stages and operations, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. In other instances, well known components or methods, such as specific and alternative processor architectures, specific logic circuits/code for described algorithms, specific firmware code, specific interconnect operation, specific logic configurations, specific manufacturing techniques and materials, specific compiler implementations, specific expressions of algorithms in code, specific power down and gating techniques/logic, and other specific operational details of computer systems, have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Embodiments are described with reference to secure memory repartitioning in a particular integrated circuit (e.g., a computing platform or microprocessor). Embodiments may also be applicable to other types of integrated circuits and programmable logic devices. For example, the disclosed embodiments are not limited to desktop or portable computers, such asUltrabooksTM computers. And may also be used in other devices such as handheld devices, tablet computers, other thin notebook computers, system on a chip (SoC) devices, and embedded applications. Some examples of handheld devices include cellular telephones, internet protocol devices, digital cameras, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and handheld PCs. Embedded applications typically include microcontrollers, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), system-on-a-chip, network computers (netpcs), set-top boxes, network hubs, Wide Area Network (WAN) switches, or any other system that can perform the functions and operations taught below. The system may be described as any kind of computer or embedded system. The disclosed embodiments may be particularly useful for low-end devices, such as wearable devices (e.g., watches), electronic implants, sensing and control infrastructure devices, controllers, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and so forth. Furthermore, the apparatus, methods, and systems described herein are not limited to physical computing devices, but may also relate to software optimization for energy conservation and efficiency. As will become readily apparent in the description below, embodiments of the methods, apparatus and systems described herein (whether with reference to hardware, firmware, software or a combination thereof) are critical to the 'green technology' future in balance with performance considerations.
Although embodiments herein are described with reference to a processor, other embodiments are applicable to other types of integrated circuits and logic devices. Similar techniques and teachings of embodiments of the present invention may be applied to other types of circuits or semiconductor devices that may benefit from higher pipeline throughput and improved performance. The teachings of embodiments of the present invention are applicable to any processor or machine that performs data manipulation. However, the present invention is not limited to processors or machines that perform 512-bit, 256-bit, 128-bit, 64-bit, 32-bit, or 16-bit data operations, but is applicable to any processor and machine in which manipulation or management of data is performed. In addition, the description herein provides examples, and the accompanying drawings show various examples for purposes of illustration. However, these examples should not be construed in a limiting sense as they are intended to provide only examples of embodiments of the invention and not to provide an exhaustive list of all possible implementations of embodiments of the invention.
While the following examples describe instruction handling and dissemination in the context of execution units and logic circuits, other embodiments of the invention can be realized by way of data or instructions stored on machine-readable tangible media which, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform functions consistent with at least one embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment, the functionality associated with embodiments of the present invention is embodied in machine-executable instructions. The instructions can be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor, which is programmed with the instructions, to perform the steps of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a computer program product or software which may include a machine or computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which may be used to program a computer (or other electronic devices) to perform one or more operations in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Alternatively, the operations of embodiments of the present invention may be performed by specific hardware components that contain fixed-function logic for performing the operations, or by any combination of programmed computer components and fixed-function hardware components.
The instructions for programming logic to perform embodiments of the present invention may be stored within a memory in the system, such as a DRAM, cache, flash memory, or other storage. Further, the instructions may be distributed via a network or by way of other computer readable media. Thus, a machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer), but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, compact disc, read-only memory (CD-ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROMs), Random Access Memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or a tangible machine-readable storage device for transmitting information over the internet via an electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signal (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Thus, a computer-readable medium includes any type of tangible machine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronic instructions or information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
A design may go through various stages, from formation to simulation to fabrication. Data representing a design may represent the design in several ways. First, as used in simulations, the hardware may be represented using a hardware description language or another functional description language. Additionally, a circuit level model with logic and/or transistor gates may be generated at some stages of the design process. Furthermore, most designs, at some stage, reach a level of data representing the physical placement of various devices in the hardware model. In the case where conventional semiconductor fabrication techniques are used, the data representing the hardware model may be the data specifying the presence or absence of various features on different mask layers for masks used to produce the integrated circuit. In any representation of the design, the data may be stored in any form of a machine-readable medium. A memory or a magnetic or optical storage device (e.g., a disk) may be a machine-readable medium to store information transmitted via optical or electrical waves modulated or otherwise generated to transmit such information. When an electrical carrier wave indicating or carrying the code or design is transmitted, to the extent that copying, buffering, or re-transmission of the electrical signal is performed, a new copy is made. Thus, a communication provider or a network provider may store an article, such as information encoded into a carrier wave, at least temporarily on a tangible machine-readable medium, embodying techniques of embodiments of the present invention.
A module as used herein refers to any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. As an example, a module includes hardware, such as a microcontroller, associated with a non-transitory medium to store code adapted to be executed by the microcontroller. Thus, in one embodiment, reference to a module refers to hardware specifically configured to recognize and/or execute code to be held on a non-transitory medium. Moreover, in another embodiment, the use of modules refers to a non-transitory medium that includes code specifically adapted to be executed by a microcontroller to perform predetermined operations. And as may be inferred, in yet another embodiment, the term module (in this example) may refer to a combination of a microcontroller and non-transitory media. In general, the boundaries of modules illustrated as separate typically vary and may overlap. For example, the first and second modules may share hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, while perhaps maintaining some separate hardware, software, or firmware. In one embodiment, use of the term logic includes hardware, such as transistors, registers, or other hardware, such as programmable logic devices.
In one embodiment, use of the phrase 'configured to' refers to arranging, placing together, manufacturing, offering for sale, importing, and/or designing an apparatus, hardware, logic, or element to perform a specified or determined task. In this example, if an apparatus or element thereof that is not operating is designed, coupled, and/or interconnected to perform a specified task, the apparatus or element thereof is still 'configured to' perform the specified task. As merely illustrative examples, the logic gate may provide a 0 or a 1 during operation. But logic gates 'configured to' provide an enable signal to the clock do not include every possible logic gate that can provide a 1 or a 0. Rather, the logic gates are logic gates that are coupled in a manner such that a 1 or 0 output will enable a clock during operation. It is again noted that use of the term 'configured to' does not require operation, but instead focuses on the latency of the apparatus, hardware, and/or elements in which the apparatus, hardware, and/or elements are designed to perform specific tasks while the apparatus, hardware, and/or elements are operating.
Moreover, in one embodiment, use of the phrases ' capable of (to) ' and operable to (operable to) ' means that some apparatus, logic, hardware, and/or elements are designed in such a way as to enable the apparatus, logic, hardware, and/or elements to be used in a specified manner. As noted above, in one embodiment, use of "in," "capable of," or "operable to" refers to a latent state of an apparatus, logic, hardware, and/or element that is not operating but is in such a way designed to enable use of the apparatus in a specified manner.
As used herein, a value includes any known representation of a number, state, logic state, or binary logic state. Typically, the use of logic levels, logic (or local) values, also referred to as 1's and 0's, simply represents binary logic states. For example, a 1 refers to a high logic level and a 0 refers to a low logic level. In one embodiment, the memory cell (e.g., a transistor or flash cell) may be capable of holding a single logic value or multiple logic values. However, other representations of values for computer systems have been used. For example, the decimal number 10 may also be represented as a binary value of 1010 and a hexadecimal letter A. Thus, a value encompasses any representation of information that can be retained in a computer system.
Further, a state may be represented by a value or a portion of a value. As an example, a first value (e.g., a logical one) may represent a default or initial state, while a second value (e.g., a logical zero) may represent a non-default state. Additionally, in one embodiment, the terms reset and set refer to default and updated values or states, respectively. For example, the default value may comprise a high logic value (i.e., reset) while the updated value may comprise a low logic value (i.e., set). Note that any number of states may be represented using any combination of values.
The embodiments of methods, hardware, software, firmware, or code set forth above may be implemented via instructions or code stored on a machine-accessible, machine-readable, computer-accessible, or computer-readable medium that may be executed by a processing element. A non-transitory machine-accessible/readable medium includes any mechanism that provides (i.e., stores and/or transmits) information in a form readable by a machine, such as a computer or electronic system. For example, non-transitory machine-accessible media include Random Access Memory (RAM), such as static RAM (sram) or dynamic RAM (dram); a ROM; magnetic or optical storage media; a flash memory device; an electrical storage device; an optical storage device; an acoustic storage device; other forms of storage and the like for retaining information received from transitory (propagated) signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals), which will be distinguished from non-transitory media from which information may be received.
The instructions for programming logic to perform embodiments of the present invention may be stored within a memory in the system, such as a DRAM, cache, flash memory, or other storage. Further, the instructions may be distributed via a network or by way of other computer readable media. Thus, a machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer), but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, compact disc, read-only memory (CD-ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROMs), Random Access Memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or a tangible machine-readable storage device for transmitting information over the internet via an electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signal (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Thus, a computer-readable medium includes any type of tangible machine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronic instructions or information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
In the foregoing specification, a detailed description has been given with reference to specific exemplary embodiments. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense. Moreover, the use of embodiment and other exemplarily language does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or the same example, but may refer to different and distinct embodiments, as well as possibly the same embodiment.
Some portions of the detailed description are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The operations are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. The blocks described herein may be hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the above discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as "defining," "receiving," "determining," "issuing," "linking," "associating …," "obtaining," "authenticating," "inhibiting," "executing," "requesting," "passing," or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computing system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computing system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computing system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
The word "exemplary" or "exemplary" is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as "exemplary" or "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, the word "exemplary" or "exemplary" is intended to be used to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, "X comprises a or B" is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X contains A; x comprises B; or X includes both a and B, then "X includes a or B" is satisfied under any of the foregoing examples. In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Furthermore, the use of the term "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" throughout is not intended to mean the same embodiment or embodiment unless so described. Also, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like as used herein mean a number that distinguishes among different elements and may not necessarily have an ordinal meaning according to their numerical designation.
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