阅读说明：本技术 一种破损山体生态修复施工工法 (Ecological restoration construction method for damaged mountain ) 是由 黄明华 于 2019-11-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种破损山体生态修复施工工法,包括以下步骤,步骤一：坡面处理；步骤二：铺网、钉网：铺网：选用网孔为4×4cm或5×5cm的镀PVC或镀锌菱形铁丝网铺设坡面；钉网：针对石坡面情况采用“L”形Φ6～8或其它型号的钢锚钉或竹锚钉；步骤三：覆土,喷射客土及种子：将过筛腐殖土、草纤维、泥炭土、缓释营养肥、粘合剂、保水剂、水等混合材料用液压喷播机充分搅拌,喷附到预先固定在坡体上的铁丝网上。步骤四：养护：包括以下步骤1)：覆盖无纺布；2)：浇水；3)：施肥；4)：补种；5)：病虫害防治。本发明涉及山体生态修复技术领域。本发明施工简单、速度快,能克服不利自然条件的影响,防护效果好,适用性广、工程造价低。(The invention discloses a construction method for ecological restoration of a damaged mountain, which comprises the following steps: slope surface treatment; step two: lapping and nailing: lapping: PVC-plated or galvanized diamond wire nets with meshes of 4 x 4cm or 5 x 5cm are selected to be paved on the slope; nailing a net: aiming at the condition of a stone slope, an L-shaped phi 6-8 or other types of steel anchor nails or bamboo anchor nails are adopted; step three: covering soil, spraying foreign soil and seeds: and (3) fully stirring the mixed materials of the sieved humus soil, the grass fiber, the peat soil, the slow-release nutrient fertilizer, the adhesive, the water-retaining agent, the water and the like by using a hydraulic spray-seeding machine, and spraying the mixed materials onto a wire gauze fixed on the slope in advance. Step four: and (5) maintenance: comprising the following step 1): covering non-woven fabrics; 2): watering; 3): fertilizing; 4): supplementing seeds; 5): and (4) pest control. The invention relates to the technical field of mountain ecological restoration. The invention has simple construction, high speed, good protection effect, wide applicability and low construction cost, and can overcome the influence of adverse natural conditions.)

1. A construction method for ecological restoration of a damaged mountain is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

the method comprises the following steps: slope surface treatment: after the slope surface is cleaned and checked, the area blown by the foreign soil is rechecked, the impurities on the slope surface are thoroughly removed, the protruded rock surface is trimmed into an arc shape, the slope surface is ensured to be basically flat, and the hidden danger of falling rocks is eliminated; retesting the area of the area, and reporting and supervising engineers; marking the slope surface of the smooth and flat surface;

step two: lapping and nailing: lapping: PVC-plated or galvanized diamond wire nets with meshes of 4 x 4cm or 5 x 5cm are selected to be laid on the slope, the length is cut according to needs, and the slope top is laid from top to bottom after being fixed; nailing a net: aiming at the condition of a stone slope, an L-shaped phi 6-8 or other types of steel anchor nails or bamboo anchor nails are adopted, and the anchor nail length is respectively 150-400 mm according to the actual condition;

step three: covering soil, spraying foreign soil and seeds: and (3) fully stirring the sieved humus soil, grass fiber, peat soil, slow-release nutrient fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, water and other mixed materials by using a hydraulic spray seeder, conveying the materials and seeds to a slope surface by using the hydraulic spray seeder, and spraying the materials and the seeds onto a wire gauze pre-fixed on the slope body.

Step four: and (5) maintenance: comprising the following step 1): covering non-woven fabrics; 2): watering; 3): fertilizing; 4): supplementing seeds; 5): and (4) pest control.

2. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step two, the extension of the lapping slope top is not less than 50cm, and the lapping slope top is ditched, fixed by a pile nail and then backfilled or buried in the intercepting ditch. The slope top is laid from top to bottom after being fixed, and the lap joint width between the left and right nets is not less than 10 cm.

3. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, when the left and right nets are torn, the net must be completely repaired in time.

4. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: the blowing and adhering operation can be carried out only by fully and uniformly stirring the prepared materials by using special machinery; when blowing, certain pressure is needed to ensure that the substrate is uniformly adhered to the slope surface in a dispersed state; blowing and attaching the mixture from top to bottom, and repeating the steps from left to right to cover the slope for multiple times, wherein the thickness of the mixture is not less than 8cm, and the mixture cannot collapse.

5. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step three, sowing seeds, peat, adhesive, water-retaining agent and nutrient solution on the slope at one time after fully stirring uniformly, so that the sowing is uniform, no more spraying is needed, no spraying leakage is caused, and the thickness is 1-2 cm.

6. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: and fourthly, preventing abnormal sprouting and growth of the seedlings caused by the insolation and the washing of the slope surface by heavy rain, covering the parts which are not beneficial to soil moisture preservation with non-woven fabrics according to the actual condition of the spraying surface, and removing the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 4-5cm, wherein the normal sprouting and growth is 10-15 days.

7. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: and maintaining before forming the lawn in the stage before the step four, and keeping the slope surface wet all the time until the grass seedlings are aligned. When watering, the distance and the moving speed of the slope surface of the spray head are controlled, so that water is evenly sprayed on the slope surface in a foggy shape, and the situation that no concentrated water flow impacts the slope surface of the lawn is ensured; the late watering follows the principle of watering more times and less times, the watering times are properly increased in dry seasons, the watering times are properly reduced in rainy seasons, and the principle of 'dry and wet is observed' is followed.

8. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step four is that the conditions of land standing of the mountain slope are strict, and fertilization with poor water and fertilizer retention capacity is important for the growth of slope plants, but in order to enable various plants to reach a balanced growth state and finally reach a slope plant diversity community, the fertilization type and the fertilization amount must be properly adjusted, the fertilization season and time are well held, and the supply and demand relationship of fertilizers among plants is reasonably adjusted.

9. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the grass seeds are raised, the growth condition is comprehensively checked, the positions with obviously uneven growth need to be reseeded, and the coverage survival rate is ensured to be more than 90%.

10. The ecological restoration construction method for the damaged mountain according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fourth step is to carefully carry out plant protection patrol, discover and prevent plant diseases and insect pests in time, discover and prevent diseases early and ensure healthy and normal growth of plants; in seasons with multiple diseases and insect pests, bactericides are regularly adopted for sterilization, and medicines are taken according to symptoms to prevent the diseases and insect pests from spreading.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mountain ecological restoration, in particular to a construction method for restoring damaged mountain ecology.

Background

Mountains, water and plants are basic elements forming natural landscapes, bare mountains are easy to cause water and soil loss, beautiful landscapes of the nature are damaged, the mountains without protective measures are easy to collapse, geological disasters are formed, and the lives and properties of surrounding people are seriously threatened, so that a safe green ecological environment of the mountains is urgently needed, and engineering management and ecological restoration of the damaged mountains are necessary. Meanwhile, the development of ecological restoration and engineering treatment work recovers good natural landscape, and has important strategic significance for developing and constructing cities.

Aiming at the management and the restoration of the ecological system of the damaged mountain, a great deal of work is carried out at home and abroad from the aspects of the stability and the fragility of the ecological system, the environmental quality and the site conditions, the community structure and the function, the community succession direction and the dynamics, the main limiting factors of artificial afforestation and vegetation restoration, the ecological system restoration and reconstruction technology, the technical effect, the ecological benefit evaluation and the like. For example, common mountain greening technical methods include soil covering greening, ecological bag greening, ecological grass blanket greening, net hanging spray seeding greening and the like.

The existing construction method for ecological restoration of damaged mountain adopts hard materials such as high-energy-consumption and high-pollution reinforcing steel bars, cement, stones and the like, so that the construction is complicated, adverse natural environment influence cannot be effectively overcome, the protection effect is poor, the applicability is low, and the construction cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a construction method for ecological restoration of a damaged mountain, which solves the problems that the existing construction method for ecological restoration of the damaged mountain adopts hard materials such as high-energy-consumption and high-pollution reinforcing steel bars, cement, stones and the like, so that the construction is complicated, the adverse natural environment influence cannot be effectively overcome, the protection effect is poor, the applicability is low, and the construction cost is high.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a construction method for ecological restoration of a damaged mountain comprises the following steps,

the method comprises the following steps: slope surface treatment: after the slope surface is cleaned and checked, the area blown by the foreign soil is rechecked, the impurities on the slope surface are thoroughly removed, the protruded rock surface is trimmed into an arc shape, the slope surface is ensured to be basically flat, and the hidden danger of falling rocks is eliminated; retesting the area of the area, and reporting and supervising engineers; marking the slope surface of the smooth and flat surface;

step two: lapping and nailing: lapping: PVC-plated or galvanized diamond wire nets with meshes of 4 x 4cm or 5 x 5cm are selected to be laid on the slope, the length is cut according to needs, and the slope top is laid from top to bottom after being fixed; nailing a net: aiming at the condition of a stone slope, an L-shaped phi 6-8 or other types of steel anchor nails or bamboo anchor nails are adopted, and the anchor nail length is respectively 150-400 mm according to the actual condition;

step three: covering soil, spraying foreign soil and seeds: and (3) fully stirring the sieved humus soil, grass fiber, peat soil, slow-release nutrient fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, water and other mixed materials by using a hydraulic spray seeder, conveying the materials and seeds to a slope surface by using the hydraulic spray seeder, and spraying the materials and the seeds onto a wire gauze pre-fixed on the slope body.

Step four: and (5) maintenance: comprising the following step 1): covering non-woven fabrics; 2): watering; 3): fertilizing; 4): supplementing seeds; 5): and (4) pest control.

Preferably, the extension of the top of the lapping slope in the second step is not less than 50cm, and the lapping slope is backfilled or buried in the intercepting ditch after being ditched and fixed by the dowel pins. The slope top is laid from top to bottom after being fixed, and the lap joint width between the left and right nets is not less than 10 cm.

Preferably, in the second step of net nailing, when the left and right nets are torn, the net must be completely repaired in time.

Preferably, the preparation materials in the third step can be blown and attached only by fully and uniformly stirring the preparation materials by using a special machine; when blowing, certain pressure is needed to ensure that the substrate is uniformly adhered to the slope surface in a dispersed state; blowing and attaching the mixture from top to bottom, and repeating the steps from left to right to cover the slope for multiple times, wherein the thickness of the mixture is not less than 8cm, and the mixture cannot collapse.

Preferably, the third step requires that the seeds, peat, adhesive, water-retaining agent and nutrient solution are fully stirred uniformly and then sowed on the slope surface at one time, so that the sowing is uniform, no more spraying or no spraying leakage is caused, and the thickness is 1-2 cm.

Preferably, the fourth step is to prevent abnormal sprouting and growth of the seedlings caused by the insolation and the washing of the slope surface by heavy rain, the non-woven fabrics are covered on the parts which are not beneficial to soil moisture preservation according to the actual condition of the spraying surface, and the seedlings are removed when the seedlings grow to 4-5cm, generally 10-15 days.

Preferably, the maintenance before the lawn is formed in the stage before the step four, the slope surface is kept wet until the seedlings of the grass are uniform. When watering, the distance and the moving speed of the slope surface of the spray head are controlled, so that water is evenly sprayed on the slope surface in a foggy shape, and the situation that no concentrated water flow impacts the slope surface of the lawn is ensured; the late watering follows the principle of watering more times and less times, the watering times are properly increased in dry seasons, the watering times are properly reduced in rainy seasons, and the principle of 'dry and wet is observed' is followed.

Preferably, the land conditions of the mountain slope in the fourth step are strict, and fertilization with poor water and fertilizer retention capacity is important for the growth of plants on the slope, but in order to enable various plants to reach a balanced growth state and finally reach a diversity community of plants on the slope, the fertilization type and the fertilization amount must be properly adjusted, the fertilization season and time are kept good, and the supply and demand relationship of fertilizers among plants is reasonably adjusted.

Preferably, after the grass seeds are raised after the fourth step, the growth condition is comprehensively checked, and the positions with obviously uneven growth are subjected to reseeding, so that the coverage survival rate is ensured to be more than 90%.

Preferably, the fourth step of carefully making plant protection patrol, discovering and preventing plant diseases and insect pests in time, realizing early discovery and prevention, and ensuring healthy and normal growth of plants; in seasons with multiple diseases and insect pests, bactericides are regularly adopted for sterilization, and medicines are taken according to symptoms to prevent the diseases and insect pests from spreading.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a construction method for ecological restoration of a damaged mountain, which has the following beneficial effects:

the invention relates to a construction method for ecologically restoring damaged mountains, which comprises the following steps,

the method comprises the following steps: slope surface treatment: after the slope surface is cleaned and checked, the area blown by the foreign soil is rechecked, the impurities on the slope surface are thoroughly removed, the protruded rock surface is trimmed into an arc shape, the slope surface is ensured to be basically flat, and the hidden danger of falling rocks is eliminated; retesting the area of the area, and reporting and supervising engineers; marking the slope surface of the smooth and flat surface;

step two: lapping and nailing: lapping: PVC-plated or galvanized diamond wire nets with meshes of 4 x 4cm or 5 x 5cm are selected to be laid on the slope, the length is cut according to needs, and the slope top is laid from top to bottom after being fixed; nailing a net: aiming at the condition of a stone slope, an L-shaped phi 6-8 or other types of steel anchor nails or bamboo anchor nails are adopted, and the anchor nail length is respectively 150-400 mm according to the actual condition;

step three: covering soil, spraying foreign soil and seeds: and (3) fully stirring the sieved humus soil, grass fiber, peat soil, slow-release nutrient fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, water and other mixed materials by using a hydraulic spray seeder, conveying the materials and seeds to a slope surface by using the hydraulic spray seeder, and spraying the materials and the seeds onto a wire gauze pre-fixed on the slope body.

Step four: and (5) maintenance: comprising the following step 1): covering non-woven fabrics; 2): watering; 3): fertilizing; 4): supplementing seeds; 5): the invention has simple construction, fast speed, good protection effect, wide applicability and low construction cost, and can overcome the influence of adverse natural conditions.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the construction method for ecological restoration of a damaged mountain according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention showing the blowing of the foreign soil.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a construction method for ecological restoration of a damaged mountain comprises the following steps,

the method comprises the following steps: slope surface treatment: after the slope surface is cleaned and checked, the area blown by the foreign soil is rechecked, the impurities on the slope surface are thoroughly removed, the protruded rock surface is trimmed into an arc shape, the slope surface is ensured to be basically flat, and the hidden danger of falling rocks is eliminated; retesting the area of the area, and reporting and supervising engineers; marking the slope surface of the smooth and flat surface;

step two: lapping and nailing: lapping: PVC-plated or galvanized diamond wire nets with meshes of 4 x 4cm or 5 x 5cm are selected to be laid on the slope, the length is cut according to needs, and the slope top is laid from top to bottom after being fixed; nailing a net: aiming at the condition of a stone slope, an L-shaped phi 6-8 or other types of steel anchor nails or bamboo anchor nails are adopted, and the anchor nail length is respectively 150-400 mm according to the actual condition;

step three: covering soil, spraying foreign soil and seeds: and (3) fully stirring the sieved humus soil, grass fiber, peat soil, slow-release nutrient fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, water and other mixed materials by using a hydraulic spray seeder, conveying the materials and seeds to a slope surface by using the hydraulic spray seeder, and spraying the materials and the seeds onto a wire gauze pre-fixed on the slope body.

Step four: and (5) maintenance: comprising the following step 1): covering non-woven fabrics; 2): watering; 3): fertilizing; 4): supplementing seeds; 5): and (4) pest control.

And step two, the extension of the lapping slope top is not less than 50cm, and the lapping slope top is ditched and fixed by a pile nail and then backfilled or buried in the intercepting ditch. The slope top is laid from top to bottom after being fixed, and the lap joint width between the left and right nets is not less than 10 cm.

In the process of nailing the net in the second step, when the left and right nets are torn, the net must be completely repaired in time.

Thirdly, the blowing and adhering operation can be carried out only by fully and uniformly stirring the prepared materials by using special machinery; when blowing, certain pressure is needed to ensure that the substrate is uniformly adhered to the slope surface in a dispersed state; blowing and attaching the mixture from top to bottom, and repeating the steps from left to right to cover the slope for multiple times, wherein the thickness of the mixture is not less than 8cm, and the mixture cannot collapse.

And step three, sowing seeds, peat, adhesive, water-retaining agent and nutrient solution on the slope at one time after fully stirring uniformly, so that the sowing is uniform, no more spraying is needed, no spraying is missed, and the thickness is 1-2 cm.

And step four, preventing abnormal sprouting and growth of the seedlings caused by the washing of the slope surface by insolation and heavy rain, covering the parts which are not beneficial to soil moisture preservation with non-woven fabrics according to the actual condition of the spraying surface, and removing the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 4-5cm, wherein the normal sprouting and growth is 10-15 days.

And (4) maintaining before forming the lawn in the early stage of the step four, and keeping the slope surface wet until the grass seedlings are neat. When watering, the distance and the moving speed of the slope surface of the spray head are controlled, so that water is evenly sprayed on the slope surface in a foggy shape, and the situation that no concentrated water flow impacts the slope surface of the lawn is ensured; the late watering follows the principle of watering more times and less times, the watering times are properly increased in dry seasons, the watering times are properly reduced in rainy seasons, and the principle of 'dry and wet is observed' is followed.

And fourthly, the mountain slope has strict ground conditions, the fertilization is poor in water and fertilizer retention capacity, and the growth of slope plants is very important, but in order to enable various plants to reach a balanced growth state and finally reach a slope plant diversity community, the fertilization type and the fertilization amount must be properly adjusted, the fertilization season and time are well grasped, and the supply and demand relationship of fertilizers among the plants is reasonably adjusted.

And fourthly, after the grass seeds are raised, comprehensively checking the growth condition, and reseeding positions with obviously uneven growth to ensure that the coverage survival rate is over 90 percent.

Step four, carefully making plant protection patrol, finding and preventing plant diseases and insect pests in time, finding and preventing diseases early, and ensuring healthy and normal growth of plants; in seasons with multiple diseases and insect pests, bactericides are regularly adopted for sterilization, and medicines are taken according to symptoms to prevent the diseases and insect pests from spreading. The invention has simple construction, high speed, good protection effect, wide applicability and low construction cost, and can overcome the influence of adverse natural conditions.

When the plant growth promoting agent is used, plant loam, fiber, humus, a slow release nutrient fertilizer, a water retaining agent, an adhesive, grass seeds, shrub seeds and the like are mixed according to a certain proportion, are fully and uniformly stirred by a stirrer, are conveyed by an air compressor and a concrete jet pump in a dry material state, are mixed with water in front of a jet orifice and are blown to a pre-fixed wire gauze to form a base material with a certain thickness and high viscosity, and the base material can promote long-term plant growth. After the vegetation is recovered, developed root systems can penetrate into joints and cracks of rock masses through the base materials, and the dual purposes of permanently fixing slopes and beautifying the environment can be achieved.

The core is to build a porous stable structure on the rocky slope, which can not only make the plant grow and develop but also avoid being washed, thereby reducing the runoff speed, increasing infiltration, preventing surface erosion and fine ditch erosion, and being helpful to prevent the flaking of the side slope. The process has a thicker plant growth substrate, so that the plants can continuously and naturally grow even on the side slope. The substrate can form a similar granular structure and has certain strength and excellent properties of ventilation, heat preservation, soil moisture preservation and the like, so that the seeds can germinate early, and greening of the rock slope becomes possible.

Simple construction and high speed

The procedures of fertilization, mixed planting, sowing, covering and the like are completed at one time, and the plant planting speed is increased.

Overcoming the effects of adverse natural conditions

The spray seeding operation is carried out on a steep slope which is difficult to successfully afforest in a conventional way, and the matrix and the vegetation are wind-resistant, rain-resistant and scour-resistant, so that the ecological restoration requirements in different seasons and different ground conditions can be met. High construction quality, uniform spray sowing of grass seeds, quick germination and uniformity.

Good protection effect

Under normal conditions, the slope plant coverage rate after one month of spray sowing can reach more than 70 percent, and the protection and greening functions are formed after two months.

Wide applicability and low construction cost

The construction method is fast in construction progress, low in construction personnel investment, low in influence on other works such as a roadbed and the like, and good in greening effect after construction is completed.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation. The phrase "comprising a defined element does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.