阅读说明：本技术 磁场感测装置 (Magnetic field sensing device ) 是由 袁辅德 于 2019-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种磁场感测装置,包括磁通集中模块及多个漩涡型磁电阻。磁通集中模块具有第一侧边、第二侧边、第三侧边及第四侧边,其中第一侧边平行于第三侧边,第二侧边平行于第四侧边,且第一侧边不平行于第二侧边。这些漩涡型磁电阻配置于第一至第四侧边旁,其中这些漩涡型磁电阻具有相同的钉扎方向,钉扎方向相对于第一侧边倾斜,且相对于第二侧边倾斜。这些漩涡型磁电阻用以连接成多个不同的惠斯登电桥,以分别感测多个不同方向的磁场分量。(The invention provides a magnetic field sensing device which comprises a magnetic flux concentration module and a plurality of vortex-type magneto-resistors. The magnetic flux concentrating module is provided with a first side edge, a second side edge, a third side edge and a fourth side edge, wherein the first side edge is parallel to the third side edge, the second side edge is parallel to the fourth side edge, and the first side edge is not parallel to the second side edge. The vortex-type magnetoresistors are arranged beside the first side edge, the second side edge and the third side edge, wherein the vortex-type magnetoresistors have the same pinning direction, and the pinning direction is inclined relative to the first side edge and the second side edge. The vortex-type magnetoresistors are connected to form a plurality of different Wheatstone bridges for respectively sensing magnetic field components in a plurality of different directions.)

1. A magnetic field sensing device comprising:

the magnetic flux concentrating module is provided with a first side edge, a second side edge, a third side edge and a fourth side edge, wherein the first side edge is parallel to the third side edge, the second side edge is parallel to the fourth side edge, and the first side edge is not parallel to the second side edge; and

and the vortex-type magnetoresistors are arranged beside the first side edge, the fourth side edge and the fourth side edge, wherein the vortex-type magnetoresistors have the same pinning direction, the pinning direction is inclined relative to the first side edge and inclined relative to the second side edge, and the vortex-type magnetoresistors are used for being connected into a plurality of different Wheatstone bridges so as to respectively sense a plurality of magnetic field components in different directions.

2. The magnetic field sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the pinning direction is at an angle in the range of 10 to 80 degrees to the first side and the pinning direction is at an angle in the range of 10 to 80 degrees to the second side.

3. The magnetic field sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the pinning direction is parallel to a plane constructed by the first side and the second side.

4. The magnetic field sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the first side is perpendicular to the second side.

5. The magnetic field sensing device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of swirl magnetoresistors comprises:

the first vortex-type magnetic resistor and the second vortex-type magnetic resistor are respectively arranged beside two opposite ends of the first side edge;

the third vortex-type magneto resistor and the fourth vortex-type magneto resistor are respectively arranged beside two opposite ends of the third side edge;

the fifth vortex-type magnetoresistance and the sixth vortex-type magnetoresistance are respectively arranged beside two opposite ends of the second side edge; and

and the seventh vortex type magnetic resistor and the eighth vortex type magnetic resistor are respectively arranged beside two opposite ends of the fourth side edge.

6. The magnetic field sensing device according to claim 5, further comprising a switching circuit electrically connected to the plurality of vortex magnetoresistors, the switching circuit being adapted to switch connection states of the plurality of vortex magnetoresistors to three different wheatstone bridges at three different times, respectively, to sense magnetic field components in three different directions, respectively.

7. The magnetic field sensing device of claim 5, further comprising:

the ninth vortex-type magnetic resistor and the tenth vortex-type magnetic resistor are configured beside the middle section of the first side edge; and

and the eleventh vortex-type magnetic resistor and the twelfth vortex-type magnetic resistor are arranged beside the middle section of the third side edge, wherein the first vortex-type magnetic resistor, the second vortex-type magnetic resistor, the third vortex-type magnetic resistor and the fourth vortex-type magnetic resistor are connected into a first Wheatstone bridge to sense the magnetic field component in the direction parallel to the first side edge, the fifth vortex-type magnetic resistor, the sixth vortex-type magnetic resistor, the seventh vortex-type magnetic resistor and the eighth vortex-type magnetic resistor are connected into a second Wheatstone bridge to sense the magnetic field component in the direction parallel to the second side edge, and the ninth vortex-type magnetic resistor, the tenth vortex-type magnetic resistor, the eleventh vortex-type magnetic resistor and the twelfth vortex-type magnetic resistor are connected into a third Wheatstone bridge to sense the magnetic field component in the direction perpendicular.

8. The magnetic field sensing device of claim 5, further comprising:

a ninth vortex-type magnetoresistance, which is arranged beside the middle section of the first side;

a tenth eddy type magnetic resistance and an eleventh eddy type magnetic resistance which are configured below the magnetic flux concentration module; and

and a twelfth eddy type magnetic resistor disposed beside the middle section of the third side, wherein the first, second, third and fourth eddy type magnetic resistors are connected to form a first wheatstone bridge for sensing a magnetic field component in a direction parallel to the first side, the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth eddy type magnetic resistors are connected to form a second wheatstone bridge for sensing a magnetic field component in a direction parallel to the second side, and the ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth eddy type magnetic resistors are connected to form a third wheatstone bridge for sensing a magnetic field component in a direction perpendicular to a plane formed by the first side and the second side.

9. The magnetic field sensing device of claim 1, wherein the flux concentrating module comprises one flux concentrator, and the first, second, third, and fourth sides are four sides of the flux concentrator.

10. The magnetic field sensing device of claim 1, wherein the flux concentrator module comprises a first flux concentrator and a second flux concentrator that are independent of each other, the first side and the third side being opposite sides of the first flux concentrator, and the second side and the fourth side being opposite sides of the second flux concentrator.

11. The magnetic field sensing device of claim 1, further comprising:

the magnetic flux concentrating module and the plurality of vortex type magneto resistors are both arranged on the substrate.

12. The magnetic field sensing device of claim 11, wherein each vortex-type magnetoresistance comprises:

a pinning layer disposed on the substrate;

a pinned layer disposed on the pinning layer;

a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer; and

and the circular free layer is arranged on the spacing layer and has vortex-shaped magnetization direction distribution, wherein the spacing layer is a nonmagnetic metal layer, and the vortex-shaped magnetoresistance is giant magnetoresistance.

13. The magnetic field sensing device of claim 11, wherein each vortex-type magnetoresistance comprises:

a pinning layer disposed on the substrate;

a pinned layer disposed on the pinning layer;

a spacer layer disposed on the pinned layer; and

and the circular free layer is arranged on the spacing layer and has vortex-shaped magnetization direction distribution, wherein the spacing layer is an insulating layer, and the vortex-type magnetoresistance is a tunneling magnetoresistance.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a magnetic field sensing device.

Background

Magnetic field sensors are an important component that can provide electronic compass and motion tracking for the system. In recent years, related applications have rapidly developed, particularly for portable devices. In new generation applications, high accuracy, fast response, small size, low power consumption and reliable quality have become important features of magnetic field sensors.

In a conventional giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance sensor, there is a structure in which a pinned layer (pinning layer), a pinned layer (pinned layer), a spacer layer (spacer layer), and a free layer (free layer) are sequentially stacked, wherein the free layer has a magnetization easy axis (magnetic easy-axis) perpendicular to a pinning direction of the pinned layer. If one wants to construct a single-axis magnetic sensor with a Wheatstone bridge (Wheatstone bridge), multiple magnetoresistors with different pinning directions are important. For a 3-axis magnetic sensor, a plurality of magnetoresistors each having 6 pinning directions are required. However, from a manufacturing standpoint, fabricating the second pinning direction in the pinned layer in one wafer can result in a significant cost increase and can reduce the stability of the magnetization orientation configuration in the pinned layer.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a magnetic field sensing device, which can achieve the sensing of magnetic field components in a plurality of different directions by utilizing a plurality of vortex type magneto-resistors with a single pinning direction.

An embodiment of the invention provides a magnetic field sensing device, which includes a magnetic flux concentrating module (magnetic flux concentrating module) and a plurality of vortex magnetoresistors (vortex magnetoresistors). The magnetic flux concentrating module is provided with a first side edge, a second side edge, a third side edge and a fourth side edge, wherein the first side edge is parallel to the third side edge, the second side edge is parallel to the fourth side edge, and the first side edge is not parallel to the second side edge. The vortex-type magnetoresistors are arranged beside the first side edge, the second side edge and the third side edge, wherein the vortex-type magnetoresistors have the same pinning direction, and the pinning direction is inclined relative to the first side edge and the second side edge. The vortex-type magnetoresistors are connected to form a plurality of different Wheatstone bridges for respectively sensing magnetic field components in a plurality of different directions.

In an embodiment of the invention, an angle between the pinning direction and the first side is in a range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees, and an angle between the pinning direction and the second side is in a range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees.

In an embodiment of the invention, the pinning direction is parallel to a plane formed by the first side and the second side.

In an embodiment of the invention, the first side edge is perpendicular to the second side edge.

In an embodiment of the invention, the vortex type magnetoresistance includes a first vortex type magnetoresistance, a second vortex type magnetoresistance, a third vortex type magnetoresistance, a fourth vortex type magnetoresistance, a fifth vortex type magnetoresistance, a sixth vortex type magnetoresistance, a seventh vortex type magnetoresistance, and an eighth vortex type magnetoresistance. First vortex type magnetic resistance and second vortex type magnetic resistance dispose respectively by the relative both ends of first side, third vortex type magnetic resistance and fourth vortex type magnetic resistance dispose respectively by the relative both ends of third side, fifth vortex type magnetic resistance and sixth vortex type magnetic resistance dispose respectively by the relative both ends of second side, and seventh vortex type magnetic resistance and eighth vortex type magnetic resistance dispose respectively by the relative both ends of fourth side.

In an embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field sensing device further includes a switching circuit electrically connected to the vortex magnetoresistors. The switching circuit is suitable for respectively switching the connection states of the vortex type magneto resistors to three different Wheatstone bridges at three different times so as to respectively sense magnetic field components in three different directions.

In an embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field sensing device further includes a ninth vortex type magnetoresistance, a tenth vortex type magnetoresistance, an eleventh vortex type magnetoresistance, and a twelfth vortex type magnetoresistance. The ninth vortex-type magnetoresistance and the tenth vortex-type magnetoresistance are arranged beside the middle section of the first side, and the eleventh vortex-type magnetoresistance and the twelfth vortex-type magnetoresistance are arranged beside the middle section of the third side. The first, second, third and fourth vortex-type magnetoresistors are connected to form a first Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component in the direction parallel to the first side edge, the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth vortex-type magnetoresistors are connected to form a second Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component in the direction parallel to the second side edge, and the ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth vortex-type magnetoresistors are connected to form a third Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component in the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the first side edge and the second side edge.

In an embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field sensing device further includes a ninth vortex type magnetoresistance, a tenth vortex type magnetoresistance, an eleventh vortex type magnetoresistance, and a twelfth vortex type magnetoresistance. The ninth vortex type magneto resistor is arranged beside the middle section of the first side, the tenth vortex type magneto resistor and the eleventh vortex type magneto resistor are arranged below the magnetic flux concentration module, and the twelfth vortex type magneto resistor is arranged beside the middle section of the third side. The first, second, third and fourth vortex-type magnetoresistors are connected to form a first Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component in the direction parallel to the first side edge, the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth vortex-type magnetoresistors are connected to form a second Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component in the direction parallel to the second side edge, and the ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth vortex-type magnetoresistors are connected to form a third Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component in the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the first side edge and the second side edge.

In an embodiment of the invention, the flux concentrating module includes a flux concentrator, and the first, second, third and fourth sides are four sides of the flux concentrator.

In an embodiment of the invention, the magnetic flux concentrating module includes a first magnetic flux concentrator and a second magnetic flux concentrator which are independent of each other, the first side and the third side are opposite sides of the first magnetic flux concentrator, and the second side and the fourth side are opposite sides of the second magnetic flux concentrator.

In an embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field sensing device further includes a substrate, wherein the flux concentrating module and the spiral magnetoresistance are disposed on the substrate.

In one embodiment of the invention, each of the spiral magnetoresistors includes a pinned layer, a spacer layer and a circular free layer. The pinning layer is configured on the substrate, the pinned layer is configured on the pinning layer, and the spacer layer is configured on the pinned layer. The circular free layer is configured on the spacing layer and has vortex-shaped magnetization direction distribution, wherein the spacing layer is a non-magnetic metal layer, and the vortex-type magnetoresistance is giant magnetoresistance.

In one embodiment of the invention, each of the spiral magnetoresistors includes a pinned layer, a spacer layer and a circular free layer. The pinning layer is configured on the substrate, the pinned layer is configured on the pinning layer, and the spacer layer is configured on the pinned layer. The circular free layer is configured on the spacing layer and has vortex-shaped magnetization direction distribution, wherein the spacing layer is an insulating layer, and the vortex-type magnetoresistance is a tunneling magnetoresistance.

In the magnetic field sensing device of the embodiment of the invention, because the magnetic flux concentration module is adopted to change the direction of the magnetic field, and the pinning direction of the vortex type magnetoresistance is inclined relative to the side edge of the magnetic flux concentration module, the sensing of magnetic field components in a plurality of different directions can be achieved by adopting a plurality of vortex type magnetoresistance with a single pinning direction. Therefore, the magnetic field sensing device of the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simpler and more stable manufacturing process and lower manufacturing cost, and the magnetization state of the vortex type magnetoresistance can be more stable.

In order to make the aforementioned and other features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Drawings

FIG. 1A is a schematic top view of a magnetic field sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic field sensing device of FIG. 1A along line A-A;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the vortex-type magnetoresistance of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the vortex-type magnetoresistance of FIG. 1A;

FIGS. 4A to 4D respectively show the change of four magnetization direction distributions of the circular free layer in FIG. 2 when subjected to external magnetic fields in four different directions;

FIG. 5 shows the resistance value variation of the vortex-type magnetoresistance of FIG. 3 under the influence of external magnetic fields in different directions and in the absence of external magnetic fields;

FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C respectively show the deflection of the field lines of a magnetic field at three different viewing angles when an external magnetic field in a first direction passes near the flux concentrating module;

FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C respectively show the deflection of the field lines of a magnetic field at three different viewing angles when an external magnetic field in a second direction passes near the flux concentrating module;

fig. 8A, 8B and 8C respectively show the deflection conditions of the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field at three different viewing angles when an external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction passes through the vicinity of the flux concentrating module;

FIG. 9A illustrates the direction of the magnetic field component at each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors and the resulting change in resistance value for each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors when an external magnetic field in a first direction passes through the magnetic field sensing device of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 9B illustrates the direction of the magnetic field component at each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors and the resulting change in resistance value for each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors when an external magnetic field in a second direction passes through the magnetic field sensing device of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 9C illustrates the direction of the magnetic field component at each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors and the resulting change in resistance value for each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors when an external magnetic field in the opposite direction to the third direction passes through the magnetic field sensing apparatus of FIG. 1A;

FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C illustrate three different Wheatstone bridges formed by the magnetic field sensing device of FIG. 1A at three different times;

FIGS. 10D and 10E illustrate two other variations of the third Wheatstone bridge of FIG. 10C;

FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of a magnetic field sensing device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of a magnetic field sensing device according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic top view of a magnetic field sensing device according to still another embodiment of the invention.

Description of the reference numerals

100. 100a, 100b, 100 c: magnetic field sensing device

110. 110 a: magnetic flux concentration module

112: the top surface

114: bottom surface

116: side surface

120: switching circuit

130: substrate

200. R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12: vortex type magneto resistor

210: pinning layer

220: pinned layer

230: spacer layer

240: circular free layer

D1: a first direction

D2: second direction

D3: third direction

E1: the first side edge

E2: second side edge

E3: third side edge

E4: the fourth side edge

FL: magnetic line of force

H: external magnetic field

H ', -H': magnetic field component

ML: direction of magnetization

P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12: contact point

Q1: pinning direction

R: resistance value

+ Δ R, - Δ R: variation of resistance value

VC: center of vortex

θ 1, θ 2: included angle

Detailed Description

Fig. 1A is a top view of a magnetic field sensing device according to an embodiment of the invention, and fig. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic field sensing device of fig. 1A along the line a-a. Referring to fig. 1A and 1B, a magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a flux concentrating module 110 and a plurality of spiral magnetoresistance 200. The flux concentrating module 110 has a first side E1, a second side E2, a third side E3 and a fourth side E4, wherein the first side E1 is parallel to the third side E3, the second side E2 is parallel to the fourth side E4, and the first side E1 is not parallel to the second side E2. In the present embodiment, the first side E1 is perpendicular to the second side E2. In addition, in the embodiment, the flux concentrating module 110 is a single flux concentrator (magnetic flux concentrator), and the first, second, third and fourth sides E1, E2, E3 and E4 are four sides of the flux concentrator. However, in other embodiments, the flux concentrating module 110 may include a plurality of flux concentrators.

In this embodiment, the shape of the magnetic flux concentrator is a polyhedron, such as a cube or a square column, wherein a portion of the surface of the square column may be rectangular and another portion of the surface may be square, or all the surfaces of the square column may be rectangular. In the present embodiment, the flux concentrating module 110 has a top surface 112, a bottom surface 114 opposite to the top surface 112, and four side surfaces 116 connecting the top surface 112 and the bottom surface 114, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth side surfaces E1, E2, E3, and E4 are respectively four sides of the four side surfaces 116 connected to the bottom surface 114. In the embodiment, the space in which the magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 is located may be constructed by a first direction D1, a second direction D2 and a third direction D3, wherein the first direction D1, the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 may be perpendicular to each other. In the present embodiment, the first direction D1 is parallel to the first side E1 and the third side E3, the second direction D2 is parallel to the second side E2 and the fourth side E4, and the third direction D3 is perpendicular to the bottom surface 114 and the top surface 112, i.e. perpendicular to a plane, and the first, second, third and fourth sides E1, E2, E3 and E4 fall in the plane.

In this embodiment, the material of the flux concentrator comprises a ferromagnetic material having a permeability greater than 10. Further, the residual magnetism of the magnetic flux concentrator is, for example, less than 10% of its saturation magnetization amount. For example, the flux concentrator is a soft magnetic material, such as a nickel-iron alloy, cobalt-iron or cobalt-iron-boron alloy, ferrite, or other high permeability material. The vortex magnetoresistors 200 are disposed beside the first to fourth sides E1, E2, E3 and E4, wherein the vortex magnetoresistors 200 have the same pinning direction Q1, and the pinning direction Q1 is inclined with respect to the first side E1 and the second side E2. The vortex magnetoresistors 200 are connected to form a plurality of different wheatstone bridges for respectively sensing magnetic field components in a plurality of different directions.

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the vortex-type magnetoresistance of fig. 1A, fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the vortex-type magnetoresistance of fig. 1A, fig. 4A to 4D respectively show changes in four magnetization direction distributions of the circular free layer of fig. 2 caused by external magnetic fields in four different directions, and fig. 5 shows changes in resistance values of the vortex-type magnetoresistance of fig. 3 under the influence of external magnetic fields in different directions and in the absence of the external magnetic fields.

In the present embodiment, the vortex magnetoresistance 200 includes a pinned layer 210, a pinned layer 220, a spacer layer 230, and a round free layer 240. The pinned layer 220 is disposed on the pinned layer 210, the spacer layer 230 is disposed on the pinned layer 220, and the circular free layer 240 is disposed on the spacer layer 230. In the present embodiment, the pinned layer 210 provides a pinning direction P1 that fixes the magnetization of the pinned layer 220 in the pinning direction Q1. In the present embodiment, the material of the pinned layer 210 is an antiferromagnetic material (antiferromagnetic material), and the materials of the pinned layer 220 and the circular free layer 240 are ferromagnetic materials (ferromagnetic materials), wherein the material of the circular free layer 240 is a soft magnetic material (soft magnetic material).

In the present embodiment, the pinning direction Q1 is inclined with respect to the first direction D1, inclined with respect to the second direction D2, and parallel to the plane formed by the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. That is, the pinning direction Q1 is parallel to the plane formed by the first side E1 and the second side E2. In the present embodiment, an angle θ 1 between the pinning direction Q1 and the first side E1 is in a range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees, and an angle θ 2 between the pinning direction Q1 and the second side E2 is in a range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees. In fig. 1A, θ 1 ═ θ 2 ═ 45 degrees is taken as an example. In addition, in the present embodiment, the pinned layer 210, the pinned layer 220, the spacer layer 230, and the circular free layer 240 are all parallel to the plane formed by the first direction D1 and the second direction D2.

The circular free layer 240 has a vortex-shaped magnetization direction distribution. Specifically, in the absence of an external magnetic field, the magnetization direction ML of the circular free layer 240 is arranged in a plurality of circles along the circular contour of the circular free layer 240, and the circles are gradually reduced in diameter to finally converge to the center of the circular contour. The arrangement of the magnetization direction ML may be clockwise or counterclockwise. A vortex center VC is formed at the center of the circular free layer 240, and the magnetization direction at the vortex center VC is perpendicular to the direction of the circular free layer 240, which may be upward (i.e., toward the third direction D3 in fig. 2 and 3) or downward (i.e., toward the direction opposite to the third direction D3). At this time, the amount of magnetostatic (net magnetization) of the entire circular free layer 240 is zero.

In the present embodiment, the vortex type magnetoresistance 200 may be a Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) or a Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR). When the vortex magnetoresistance 200 is giant magnetoresistance, the spacer layer 230 is a non-magnetic metal layer; when the vortex magnetoresistance 200 is a tunneling magnetoresistance, the spacer layer 230 is an insulating layer.

In the present embodiment, the magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 further includes a substrate 130, wherein the flux concentrating module 110 and the vortex magnetoresistance 200 are disposed on the substrate 130. In the present embodiment, the pinning layer 210 is disposed on the substrate 130. In addition, in the present embodiment, the substrate 130 is a circuit substrate, such as a semiconductor substrate having a circuit.

Referring to fig. 4A, when an external magnetic field H along the first direction D1 passes through the vortex type magnetoresistance 200, the area of the vortex center VC toward the second direction D2 is increased, the area of the vortex center VC toward the opposite direction of the second direction D2 is decreased, and the magnetization directions of the two areas are opposite, so that a magnetostatic quantity toward the first direction D1 is generated in the entire circular free layer 240, and the vortex center VC moves toward the opposite direction of the second direction D2.

Referring to fig. 4B, when an external magnetic field H along the opposite direction of the first direction D1 passes through the vortex type magnetoresistance 200, the area of the vortex center VC toward the second direction D2 becomes smaller, the area of the vortex center VC toward the opposite direction of the second direction D2 becomes larger, and the magnetization directions of the two areas are opposite, so that a magnetostatic quantity toward the opposite direction of the first direction D1 is generated in the entire circular free layer 240, and the vortex center VC moves toward the second direction D2.

Referring to fig. 4C, when an external magnetic field H along the second direction D2 passes through the vortex type magnetoresistance 200, the area of the vortex center VC on the side facing the first direction D1 becomes smaller, the area of the vortex center VC on the side facing the opposite direction of the first direction D1 becomes larger, and the magnetization directions of the two side areas are opposite, so that a magnetostatic quantity facing the second direction D2 is generated in the entire circular free layer 240, and the vortex center VC moves toward the first direction D1.

Referring to fig. 4D, when an external magnetic field H in the opposite direction of the second direction D2 passes through the vortex type magnetoresistance 200, the area of the vortex center VC in the side facing the first direction D1 is increased, the area of the vortex center VC in the side facing the opposite direction of the first direction D1 is decreased, and the magnetization directions in the two areas are opposite, so that a magnetostatic flux is generated in the opposite direction of the second direction D2 in the entire circular free layer 240, and the vortex center VC moves in the opposite direction of the first direction D1.

Fig. 5 shows changes in resistance values of the vortex-type magnetoresistance of fig. 3 under the influence of external magnetic fields in different directions and in the absence of the external magnetic fields. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 4A to fig. 4D and fig. 5, the graph in fig. 5 shows the variation of the resistance R of the vortex magnetoresistance 200 with respect to the external magnetic field H. When the vortex magnetoresistance 200 is applied with an external magnetic field H in the same direction as the pinning direction Q1, as shown in the upper left diagram of FIG. 5, the circular free layer 240 generates a net magnetization in the pinning direction Q1, so that the resistance R decreases, i.e., the value of the resistance R corresponding to the black dots in the graph, as shown in FIG. 4C. When the vortex magnetoresistance 200 is applied with an external magnetic field H in the opposite direction to the pinning direction Q1, as shown in the bottom left diagram of FIG. 5, the circular free layer 240 generates a net magnetization in the opposite direction to the pinning direction Q1, as shown in FIG. 4D, so that the resistance R rises, i.e., the value of the resistance R corresponding to the black dots in the graph. When the vortex magnetoresistance 200 is applied with an external magnetic field H perpendicular to the pinning direction Q1, as shown in the upper right diagram of fig. 5, the circular free layer 240 generates a net magnetization in the direction perpendicular to the pinning direction Q1, as shown in fig. 4A or fig. 4B, and the forward projection of the net magnetization in the pinning direction Q1 is zero, so that the resistance value R remains unchanged, i.e., the value of the resistance value R corresponding to the black dots in the graph. In addition, as shown in the lower right diagram of fig. 5, when the vortex magnetoresistance 200 is not applied with a magnetic field, the resistance value R remains unchanged, i.e., the value of the resistance value R corresponding to the black dots in the graph.

In the states of fig. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, the directions of the net magnetization amounts of the circular free layer 240 are all inclined with respect to the pinning direction Q1, and the change in the resistance value R at this time is determined by an orthographic projection of the net magnetization amounts of the circular free layer 240 in the pinning direction Q1. Therefore, in the states of fig. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, the resistance value R decreases, the resistance value R increases, the resistance value R decreases, and the resistance value R increases, that is, the resistance value change amounts of- Δ R, + Δ R, - Δ R, and + Δ R occur, respectively.

Fig. 6A, 6B and 6C respectively show the deflection conditions of the magnetic flux lines (magnetic flux lines) FL of the magnetic field at three different viewing angles when an external magnetic field along the first direction D1 passes through the vicinity of the flux concentrating module 110. Fig. 7A, 7B and 7C respectively show the deflection conditions of the magnetic field lines FL of the magnetic field at three different viewing angles when an external magnetic field along the second direction D2 passes through the vicinity of the flux concentrating module 110. Fig. 8A, 8B and 8C respectively show the deflection conditions of the magnetic field lines FL of the magnetic field at three different viewing angles when an external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3 passes through the vicinity of the flux concentrating module 110. As can be seen from fig. 6A to 8C, the magnetic permeability of the magnetic flux concentrating module 110 is higher than the magnetic permeability of the surrounding environment, so that the magnetic flux concentrating module 110 has an attraction effect on the surrounding magnetic field lines FL, and the direction of the surrounding magnetic field lines FL is inclined to be perpendicular to the surface of the magnetic flux concentrating module 110. Fig. 1B also shows the distribution of the magnetic field lines FL around the flux concentrating module 110 and the vortex magnetoresistance 200 when the magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 exists in the magnetic field H in the opposite direction along the third direction D3.

Referring to fig. 1A again, in the present embodiment, the vortex magnetoresistance 200 includes a vortex magnetoresistance R1, a vortex magnetoresistance R2, a vortex magnetoresistance R3, a vortex magnetoresistance R4, a vortex magnetoresistance R5, a vortex magnetoresistance R6, a vortex magnetoresistance R7, and a vortex magnetoresistance R8. The swirl type magnetoresistance R1 and the swirl type magnetoresistance R2 are respectively disposed beside the opposite ends of the first side E1, the swirl type magnetoresistance R3 and the swirl type magnetoresistance R4 are respectively disposed beside the opposite ends of the third side E3, the swirl type magnetoresistance R5 and the swirl type magnetoresistance R6 are respectively disposed beside the opposite ends of the second side E2, and the swirl type magnetoresistance R7 and the swirl type magnetoresistance R8 are respectively disposed beside the opposite ends of the fourth side E4.

FIG. 9A shows the direction of the magnetic field component (H 'or-H') at each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors R1-R8 and the resulting change in resistance (+ Δ R or- Δ R) for each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors R1-R8 when an external magnetic field in a first direction D1 passes through the magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1A. FIG. 9B shows the direction of the magnetic field component H' at each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors R1-R8 and the resulting change in resistance (+ Δ R or- Δ R) for each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors R1-R8 when an external magnetic field in the second direction D2 passes through the magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1A. FIG. 9C shows the direction of the magnetic field component H' at each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors R1-R8 and the resulting resistance value change (+ Δ R or- Δ R) for each of the vortex-type magnetoresistors R1-R8 when an external magnetic field in the opposite direction to the third direction D3 passes through the magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1A. Referring to fig. 9A, when an external magnetic field exists along the first direction D1, under the influence of the flux concentration module 110, the magnetic field component-H ' at the vortex type magnetoresistance R1 faces the opposite direction of the second direction, the magnetic field component H ' at the vortex type magnetoresistance R2 faces the second direction, the magnetic field component H ' at the vortex type magnetoresistance R3 faces the second direction D2, the magnetic field component-H ' at the vortex type magnetoresistance R4 faces the opposite direction of the second direction D2, and the magnetic field components H ' at the vortex type magnetoresistance R5, R6, R7, and R8 all face the first direction, so that the resistance values of the vortex type magnetoresistance R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 respectively change to + Δ R, - Δ R, + Δ R, - Δ R, and- Δ R. Similarly, referring to FIG. 9B, when an external magnetic field exists along the second direction D2, the resistance values of the vortex magnetoresistance R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 change to- Δ R, + Δ R, - Δ R, and + Δ R, respectively. In addition, when an external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3 exists, the resistance values of the vortex magnetoresistance R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 change to- Δ R, + Δ R, - Δ R, and- Δ R, respectively.

10A, 10B and 10C illustrate three different Wheatstone bridges formed by the magnetic field sensing device of FIG. 1A at three different times, wherein the three different Wheatstone bridges are used for sensing magnetic field components in three different directions respectively. Referring to fig. 1A, fig. 1B, fig. 10A, fig. 10B and fig. 10C, the magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 further includes a switching circuit 120 electrically connected to the vortex magnetoresistance 200. The switching circuit 120 is adapted to switch the connection states of the vortex magnetoresistors 200 to three different wheatstone bridges at three different times to sense magnetic field components in three different directions (e.g., the direction opposite to the third direction D3, the first direction D1, and the second direction D2), respectively. Specifically, referring to fig. 10A, in a first time of three different times, the swirl magnetoresistance R1 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R2, the swirl magnetoresistance R2 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R4, the swirl magnetoresistance R4 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R3, the swirl magnetoresistance R3 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R1, the contact P1 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R1 and the swirl magnetoresistance R2, the contact P2 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R3 and the swirl magnetoresistance R4, the contact P3 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R1 and the swirl magnetoresistance R3, and the contact P4 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R2 and the swirl magnetoresistance R4, so as to form a first wheatstone bridge. At this time, the node P1 may receive the reference voltage VDD, and the node P2 may be coupled to ground (ground), and for the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the first direction D1, the resistance of each of the vortex magnetoresistors 200 is changed as shown in fig. 9A and 10A, so that the voltage difference between the node P3 and the node P4 is (VDD) × (- Δ R/R), which may be an output signal, which is a differential signal having a magnitude corresponding to the magnitude of the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the first direction D1. At this time, the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the second direction D2 and the magnetic field component in the opposite direction of the third direction D3 cause the resistance values of the eddy type magneto-resistors 200 to change as shown in fig. 9B and 9C, respectively, and the contribution of the resistance value change of fig. 9B and 9C to the voltage difference between the node P3 and the node P4 of the first wheatstone bridge is zero. Therefore, the first wheatstone bridge can be used exclusively for measuring the magnetic field component in the first direction D1, and is not interfered by the magnetic field components in the second direction D2 and the third direction D3.

Referring to fig. 10B again, in a second time of the three different times, the swirl magnetoresistance R5 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R7, the swirl magnetoresistance R7 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R8, the swirl magnetoresistance R8 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R6, the swirl magnetoresistance R6 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R5, the contact P5 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R5 and the swirl magnetoresistance R7, the contact P6 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R6 and the swirl magnetoresistance R8, the contact P7 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R5 and the swirl magnetoresistance R6, and the contact P8 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R7 and the swirl magnetoresistance R8, so as to form a second wheatstone bridge. At this time, the node P5 may receive the reference voltage VDD, and the node P6 may be coupled to ground (ground), and for the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the second direction D2, the resistance of each of the vortex magnetoresistors 200 is changed as shown in fig. 9B and 10B, so that the voltage difference between the node P7 and the node P8 is (VDD) × (- Δ R/R), which may be an output signal, which is a differential signal having a magnitude corresponding to the magnitude of the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the second direction D2. At this time, the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the first direction D1 and the magnetic field component in the opposite direction of the third direction D3 cause the resistance values of the eddy type magneto-resistors 200 to change as shown in fig. 9A and 9C, respectively, and the contribution of the resistance value change of fig. 9A and 9C to the voltage difference between the junction P7 and the junction P8 of the second wheatstone bridge is zero. Therefore, the second wheatstone bridge can be used exclusively for measuring the magnetic field component in the second direction D2 without being interfered by the magnetic field components in the first direction D1 and the third direction D3.

Referring to fig. 10C again, in a third time of the three different times, the swirl magnetoresistance R1 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R4, the swirl magnetoresistance R4 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R2, the swirl magnetoresistance R2 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R3, the swirl magnetoresistance R3 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R1, the contact P9 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R1 and the swirl magnetoresistance R4, the contact P10 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R2 and the swirl magnetoresistance R3, the contact P11 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R1 and the swirl magnetoresistance R3, and the contact P12 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R2 and the swirl magnetoresistance R4, so as to form a third wheatstone bridge. At this time, the node P9 may receive the reference voltage VDD, and the node P10 may be coupled to ground (ground), and for the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3, the resistance value of each of the vortex magnetoresistors 200 is changed as shown in fig. 9C and 10C, so that the voltage difference between the node P11 and the node P12 is (VDD) × (Δ R/R), which may be an output signal, which is a differential signal having a magnitude corresponding to the magnitude of the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3. At this time, the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the first direction D1 and the magnetic field component in the second direction D3 cause the resistance values of the eddy type magneto-resistors 200 to change as shown in fig. 9A and 9B, respectively, and the contribution of the resistance value change of fig. 9A and 9B to the voltage difference between the junction P11 and the junction P12 of the third wheatstone bridge is zero. Therefore, the third wheatstone bridge can be used exclusively for measuring the magnetic field component in the opposite direction of the third direction D3, and is not interfered by the magnetic field components in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2.

In this way, when the first time, the second time and the third time occur alternately, that is, the switching circuit 120 switches the vortex magnetoresistance 200 to the first, the second and the third wheatstone bridges alternately, the magnetic field sensing apparatus 100 can sense the magnitude and the direction of the external magnetic field in any direction in the three-dimensional space in real time.

Fig. 10D and 10E show two other variations of the third wheatstone bridge of fig. 10C. Referring to fig. 10D, in a third time of the three different times, the swirl magnetoresistance R5 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R7, the swirl magnetoresistance R7 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R6, the swirl magnetoresistance R6 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R8, the swirl magnetoresistance R8 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R5, the contact P9 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R6 and the swirl magnetoresistance R7, the contact P10 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R5 and the swirl magnetoresistance R8, the contact P11 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R6 and the swirl magnetoresistance R8, and the contact P12 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R5 and the swirl magnetoresistance R7, so as to form a third wheatstone bridge. At this time, the node P9 may receive the reference voltage VDD, and the node P10 may be coupled to ground (ground), and for the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3, the resistance value of each of the vortex magnetoresistors 200 is changed as shown in fig. 9C and 10D, so that the voltage difference between the node P11 and the node P12 is (VDD) × (- Δ R/R), which may be an output signal, which is a differential signal whose magnitude corresponds to the magnitude of the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3. At this time, the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the first direction D1 and the magnetic field component in the second direction D3 respectively form the resistance value changes of the eddy type magneto-resistors 200 as shown in fig. 9A and 9B, and the contribution of the resistance value changes of fig. 9A and 9B to the voltage difference between the junction P11 and the junction P12 of the third wheatstone bridge is zero. Therefore, the third wheatstone bridge can be used exclusively for measuring the magnetic field component in the opposite direction of the third direction D3, and is not interfered by the magnetic field components in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2.

Referring to FIG. 10E, at a third time of three different times, the vortex type magnetoresistive R1 is electrically connected to the vortex type magnetoresistive R2, the vortex type magnetoresistive R2 is electrically connected to the vortex type magnetoresistive R3, the vortex type magnetoresistive R3 is electrically connected to the vortex type magnetoresistive R4, the vortex type magnetoresistive R4 is electrically connected to the vortex type magnetoresistive R8, the vortex type magnetoresistive R8 is electrically connected to the vortex type magnetoresistive R7, the vortex type magnetoresistive R7 is electrically connected to the vortex type magnetoresistive R6, the vortex type magnetoresistive R6 is electrically connected to the vortex type R5, the vortex type magnetoresistive R5 is electrically connected to the vortex type magnetoresistive R1, the contact P9 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the vortex type magnetoresistive R6 and the vortex type magnetoresistive R7, the contact P10 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the vortex type magnetoresistive R2 and the vortex type magnetoresistive R3, the contact P11 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the vortex type magnetoresistive R4 and the vortex type magnetoresistive R8, and the contact P12 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the vortex R5 and the vortex R1, so as to form a third Wheatstone bridge. At this time, the node P9 may receive the reference voltage VDD, and the node P10 may be coupled to ground (ground), and for the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3, the resistance value of each of the vortex magnetoresistors 200 is changed as shown in fig. 9C and 10E, so that the voltage difference between the node P11 and the node P12 is (VDD) × (Δ R/R), which may be an output signal, which is a differential signal having a magnitude corresponding to the magnitude of the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3. At this time, the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the first direction D1 and the magnetic field component in the second direction D3 respectively form the resistance value changes of the eddy type magneto-resistors 200 as shown in fig. 9A and 9B, and the contribution of the resistance value changes of fig. 9A and 9B to the voltage difference between the junction P11 and the junction P12 of the third wheatstone bridge is zero. Therefore, the third wheatstone bridge can be used exclusively for measuring the magnetic field component in the opposite direction of the third direction D3, and is not interfered by the magnetic field components in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2.

Fig. 11 is a schematic top view of a magnetic field sensing device according to another embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 11, the magnetic field sensing device 100B of the present embodiment is similar to the magnetic field sensing device 100 of fig. 1A and 1B, and the difference therebetween is as follows. The magnetic field sensing device 100b of the present embodiment is not switched to three different wheatstone bridges at three different times by the switching circuit 120, but may have no switching circuit 120 and have three different wheatstone bridges simultaneously and fixedly connected. The first wheatstone bridge (i.e., the wheatstone bridge connecting the spiral magnetoresistors R1, R2, R4, and R3) and the second wheatstone bridge (i.e., the wheatstone bridge connecting the spiral magnetoresistors R5, R7, R8, and R6) in the magnetic field sensing device 100B of this embodiment are respectively the same as the wheatstone bridge in fig. 10A and the wheatstone bridge in fig. 10B, except that the first wheatstone bridge and the second wheatstone bridge of this embodiment are fixed and exist at the same time. In addition, in the present embodiment, the magnetic field sensing device 100b further includes a vortex type magnetoresistance R9, a vortex type magnetoresistance R10, a vortex type magnetoresistance R11, and a vortex type magnetoresistance R12. The swirl magnetoresistance R9 and the swirl magnetoresistance R10 are disposed near the middle of the first side E1, and the swirl magnetoresistance R11 and the swirl magnetoresistance R12 are disposed near the middle of the third side E3. The vortex type magnetoresistors R1-R4 are connected to form a first Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the direction parallel to the first side E1 (i.e. sensing the magnetic field component in the first direction D1), the vortex type magnetoresistors R5-R8 are connected to form a second Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the direction parallel to the second side E2 (i.e. sensing the magnetic field component in the second direction D2), and the vortex type magnetoresistors R9-R10 are connected to form a third Wheatstone bridge for sensing the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the first side E1 and the second side E2 (e.g. sensing the magnetic field component in the opposite direction D3). The third wheatstone bridge of this embodiment is the same as the wheatstone bridge of fig. 10C except that the swirl magnetoresistance R1, R2, R3, and R4 are replaced with swirl magnetoresistance R9, R10, R11, and R12, respectively. In addition, the reactions of the vortex magnetoresistance R9, R10, R11, and R12 to magnetic field components in each direction are similar to those of the vortex magnetoresistance R1, R2, R3, and R4, and will not be described again here.

Fig. 12 is a schematic top view of a magnetic field sensing device according to yet another embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 12, the magnetic field sensing device 100c of the present embodiment is similar to the magnetic field sensing device 100b of fig. 11, and the difference therebetween is as follows. In the embodiment, the vortex magnetoresistance R9 is disposed near the middle of the first side E1, and the vortex magnetoresistance R10 and R11 are disposed below the flux concentrating module 110 (i.e., on the opposite side of the flux concentrating module 110 from the third direction D3), for example, between the flux concentrating module 110 and the substrate 130. The swirl magnetoresistance R12 is disposed near the middle of the third side E3. Due to the shielding effect of the magnetic flux concentration module 110, the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the first direction D1 and the magnetic field component in the second direction D2 hardly generate a magnetic field at the vortex-type magnetoresistance R10 and R11, and the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3 is perpendicular to the respective mold films of the vortex-type magnetoresistance R10 and R11, so that the magnetic field component of the vortex-type magnetoresistance R10 and R11 in the third direction D3 is not sensed. In other words, the vortex magnetoresistance R10 and R11 can be regarded as two dummy magnetoresistance, i.e., their resistance values do not change.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the swirl magnetoresistance R9 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R10, the swirl magnetoresistance R10 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R12, the swirl magnetoresistance R12 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R11, the swirl magnetoresistance R11 is electrically connected to the swirl magnetoresistance R9, the contact P9 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R9 and the swirl magnetoresistance R10, the contact P10 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R11 and the swirl magnetoresistance R12, the contact P11 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R10 and the swirl magnetoresistance R12, and the contact P12 is electrically connected to the conductive path between the swirl magnetoresistance R9 and the swirl magnetoresistance R11. Thus, the node P9 can receive the reference voltage VDD, the node P10 can be coupled to ground, and the voltage difference between the node P11 and the node P12 can be the output signal, which is a differential signal whose magnitude corresponds to the magnitude of the magnetic field component of the external magnetic field in the opposite direction of the third direction D3.

In fig. 12, the contacts P1 to P4 of the first wheatstone bridge to which the spiral resistors R1 to R4 are connected and the contacts P5 to P8 of the second wheatstone bridge to which the spiral resistors R5 to R8 are connected are the same as the contacts P1 to P4 of the first wheatstone bridge and the contacts P5 to P8 of the second wheatstone bridge in fig. 11, respectively, and therefore, they are not shown in fig. 12.

Fig. 13 is a schematic top view of a magnetic field sensing device according to still another embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 13, the magnetic field sensing device 100a of the present embodiment is similar to the magnetic field sensing device 100b of fig. 11, and the difference therebetween is as follows. In the magnetic field sensing device 100a of the present embodiment, the magnetic flux concentrating module 110a includes a first magnetic flux concentrator 112 and a second magnetic flux concentrator 114, which are independent of each other, the first side E1 and the third side E3 are opposite sides of the first magnetic flux concentrator 112, and the second side E2 and the fourth side E4 are opposite sides of the second magnetic flux concentrator 114. In the embodiment, the first magnetic flux concentrator 112 and the second magnetic flux concentrator 114 are, for example, quadrangular prism shaped, wherein the first side E1 and the third side E3 are, for example, two long sides of the first magnetic flux concentrator 112, and the second side E2 and the fourth side E4 are, for example, two long sides of the second magnetic flux concentrator 114, but the invention is not limited thereto. The relative relationship between the swirl magnetoresistance R1-R12 and the first-fourth sides E1-E4 is the same as that of FIG. 11, and will not be repeated here. The first wheatstone bridge to which the swirl magnetoresistors R1 to R4 are connected, the second wheatstone bridge to which the swirl magnetoresistors R5 to R8 are connected, and the third wheatstone bridge to which the swirl magnetoresistors R9 to R12 are connected are the same as the first to third wheatstone bridges in fig. 11, respectively, and the reaction to the magnetic field component in each direction is similar to that in the embodiment of fig. 11, and will not be described again here.

In summary, in the magnetic field sensing apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention, since the magnetic flux concentrating module is used to change the direction of the magnetic field, and the pinning direction of the vortex-type magnetoresistance is inclined with respect to the side of the magnetic flux concentrating module, the sensing of the magnetic field components in a plurality of different directions can be achieved by using a plurality of vortex-type magnetoresistance with a single pinning direction. Therefore, the magnetic field sensing device of the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simpler and more stable manufacturing process and lower manufacturing cost, and the magnetization state of the vortex type magnetoresistance can be more stable.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.