Heavy-load quick railway wagon bogie with mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device and rigidity calculation method
阅读说明：本技术 具有机械悬浮式二系悬挂装置的重载快捷铁路货车转向架及刚度计算方法 (Heavy-load quick railway wagon bogie with mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device and rigidity calculation method ) 是由 曹庆杰 朱光楠 徐超 刘吉晔 张潇汉 ***强 于 2019-11-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：具有机械悬浮式二系悬挂装置的重载快捷铁路货车转向架,属于轨道车辆设计制造技术领域。本发明为了保证车辆在直线和曲线运行时具有良好的运行平稳性、曲线通过性以及抗蛇形能力并有效降低轮轨磨耗,减少运营维护成本。该机械悬浮式二系悬挂装置由正刚度单元、负刚度单元组成。正刚度单元为传统二系悬挂弹簧,提供垂向、纵向、横向的刚度；负刚度单元由水平弹簧,竖直导杆,滚动轴杆,轴承,滑块滑轨,直线轴承等组成,该单元机构在纵向、横向能够保持自由滑动,且只提供垂向的负刚度特性,负刚度单元机构与车体采用球铰连接,以保证车体具有伸缩、横移、沉浮、侧滚、点头、摇头6个自由度。具有更好的隔振性能；机械悬浮式转向架能极大程度提升车辆直线运行的垂向平稳性,改善车辆运行的横向平稳性。(A heavy-load quick railway wagon bogie with a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle design and manufacture. The invention aims to ensure that the vehicle has good running stability, curve trafficability and snake resistance when running in a straight line and a curve, effectively reduces the abrasion of the wheel rail and reduces the operation and maintenance cost. The mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device consists of a positive stiffness unit and a negative stiffness unit. The positive stiffness unit is a traditional secondary suspension spring and provides vertical, longitudinal and transverse stiffness; the negative stiffness unit is composed of a horizontal spring, a vertical guide rod, a rolling shaft rod, a bearing, a sliding block sliding rail, a linear bearing and the like, the unit mechanism can freely slide in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction and only provides vertical negative stiffness characteristics, and the negative stiffness unit mechanism is connected with the vehicle body through a spherical hinge to ensure that the vehicle body has 6 degrees of freedom of stretching, transverse moving, sinking and floating, side rolling, nodding and shaking. The vibration isolation performance is better; the mechanical suspension type bogie can greatly improve the vertical stability of the linear running of the vehicle and improve the transverse stability of the running of the vehicle.)
1. A heavy-load express railway wagon bogie with a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device is characterized in that the bogie comprises a positive stiffness unit and a negative stiffness unit;
the positive stiffness unit comprises two secondary linear suspension springs (1) for providing vertical, longitudinal and transverse stiffness for the wheel rail;
the negative stiffness unit is positioned between the two secondary linear suspension springs (1);
the negative stiffness unit can freely slide in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the wheel rail and only provides the vertical negative stiffness characteristic, and the negative stiffness unit is connected with the vehicle body by adopting a spherical hinge and is used for ensuring that the vehicle body has 6 degrees of freedom of extension, transverse movement, sinking and floating, side rolling, nodding and shaking;
the negative stiffness unit comprises a vertical guide rod (2), a rolling shaft rod (3), a bearing (4), an end supporting block (5), a horizontal spring (6), a top layer slide rail (7), a middle layer slide rail (8), a bottom layer slide rail (9), a bottom plate (10), a middle layer plate (11), a linear bearing (12) and a top layer outer frame (13);
the top of each linear suspension spring (1) is connected with the vehicle body (14), and the bottom of each linear suspension spring is used for being connected with a bogie frame (15);
the top of the negative rigidity unit is connected with the upper end of a vehicle body (14) through a vertical guide rod (2) by adopting a spherical hinge, and the bottom of the negative rigidity unit is fixedly connected to a bogie frame (15) through a bottom plate (10);
the vertical guide rod (2), the rolling shaft rod (3) and the bearing (4) are positioned between the two end supporting blocks (5),
the top layer outer frame (13) is arranged on the bottom plate (10) through the middle layer plate (11), the two end supporting blocks (5) are arranged on the bottom plate of the top layer outer frame (13), and the linear bearing (12) is arranged on the bottom plate of the top layer outer frame (13);
two sides of the vertical guide rod (2) are provided with semi-arcs with the radius of R, and each rolling shaft rod (3) and the corresponding semi-arc keep pure rolling; each rolling shaft rod (3) is tightly matched with the corresponding bearing (4), and the vertical guide rod (2) positioned in the middle moves along the vertical direction under the action of the rolling shaft rods (3) on the two sides and the constraint action of the linear bearing (12); one end of each horizontal spring (6) is fixedly connected with the end supporting block (5), and the other end of each horizontal spring is fixedly connected with the top layer outer frame (13); the bottom of the end supporting block (5) ensures that the horizontal spring (6) can freely slide along the horizontal direction through a top-layer slide block slide rail (7); the upper end of the middle layer plate (11) is provided with a middle layer slide block slide rail (8), the lower end of the bottom plate (10) is provided with a bottom layer slide block slide rail (9), and the negative rigidity unit mechanism can freely slide in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction under the action of the middle layer slide block slide rail (8) and the bottom layer slide block slide rail (9).
2. A heavy haul express railway freight car truck with a mechanically suspended secondary suspension arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the top layer slide rail (7) comprises a top layer slide (7-1) and a top layer slide rail (7-2), the middle layer slide rail (8) comprises a middle layer slide (8-1) and a middle layer slide rail (8-2), and the bottom layer slide rail (9) comprises a bottom layer slide (9-1) and a bottom layer slide rail (9-2);
the bottom of the end supporting block (5) is fixedly connected with a top-layer sliding block (7-1) to ensure that the horizontal spring (6) can freely slide along a top-layer sliding rail (7-2), and the top-layer sliding rail (7-2) is arranged on a bottom plate of a top-layer outer frame (13);
the middle layer slide rail (8-2) is arranged on the upper end surface of the middle layer plate (11), and a middle layer slide block (8-1) positioned in the middle layer slide rail (8-2) is arranged at the lower part of the top layer outer frame (13);
the bottom layer slide rail (9-2) is arranged on the lower end face of the middle layer plate (11), and the bottom layer slide block (9-1) positioned in the bottom layer slide rail (9-2) is arranged in the groove of the bottom plate (10).
3. A heavy haul express railway freight car bogie with mechanical suspension secondary suspension according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the negative stiffness unit is mirror symmetric around the axis of the vertical guide rod (2).
4. A heavy haul express railway freight car truck with mechanical suspension secondary suspension according to claim 3, characterized in that the top outer frame (13) is formed by two triangular bodies and a bottom plate connecting the two.
5. A method for calculating the stiffness of a heavy duty express railway freight car truck having a mechanically suspended secondary suspension of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein:
when the circle center of the rolling shaft rod (3) and the circle center of the arc of the vertical guide rod (2) are arranged on the same horizontal plane, the compression amount of the horizontal compression spring (6) is delta l; the rigidity of the traditional secondary suspension spring (1) is K2The rigidity of the horizontal pressure spring (6) is K1(ii) a The mass of the vehicle body is M,
in the initial state, the conventional linear suspension spring (1) is pressed to a certain distance delta0The circle center of the arc of the vertical guide rod (2) and the circle center of the rolling shaft rod (3) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, so that the restoring force of the traditional linear suspension spring (1) is ensured to completely offset the gravity of the vehicle body, namely 8K2δ0＝Mg；
Two bogies are arranged at the lower end of each carriage, and each bogie is symmetrically provided with a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension system;
when the vehicle body moves upward to a certain distance Z, the restoring force applied to the vehicle body can be expressed as:
the secondary suspension stiffness is:
order toThen
The dynamic stiffness of the system can be effectively reduced by setting the internal parameters b and c of the system, so that the vibration isolation of low frequency, ultralow frequency or low to 0 frequency is realized.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heavy-load quick railway wagon bogie (mechanical suspension bogie for short) with a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device, belonging to the technical field of design and manufacture of railway vehicles.
Background
The design of the heavy-duty fast railway freight car bogie is a key core technology for realizing the spanning development of railway freight, and although the high-speed rail technology in China has made great progress and the transportation is developed at a high speed, the high-speed rail freight transportation is difficult to develop nationwide due to the high construction and operation and maintenance costs of the high-speed rail, and even if the high-speed rail freight car bogie is developed, the heavy-duty fast railway freight car bogie is only suitable for small goods or high value-added commodity transportation. The common line transportation has the advantages of low construction and operation maintenance cost, large operation mileage proportion, large transportation volume and the like, and is the most important goods transportation mode in China; however, the timeliness of ordinary line freight transportation cannot meet the requirements of social and economic development. Therefore, the research on the heavy-load quick bogie of the existing common line has important significance for comprehensively improving the railway freight capacity of China, meeting the economic development requirement of China and improving the economic benefit of railway freight.
Although China already masters key core technologies such as bogies, traction and braking of common-track trucks, due to the limitation of the grade conditions of the existing common tracks and the influence of the stiffness of secondary suspension of the vehicle, the vehicle which runs fast is difficult to keep low-power characteristics under a complex vibration environment, so that the increase of wheel-track force and the aggravation of snaking motion caused by the irregularity of the tracks of the vehicle system are caused, severe wheel-track abrasion is generated, the railway tracks are damaged, and the dynamic performance of the train is deteriorated. Meanwhile, the increase of the axle weight of the bogie can cause the abrasion of the wheel track to be aggravated, and the operation and maintenance cost is increased; and the contact relation of the wheel and the rail is changed, so that the stability and the safety of the train operation and the service life of each part of the system are greatly influenced. Therefore, aiming at the problems existing in the secondary suspension of the traditional bogie, a novel low-power bogie is researched and designed, and the low-power bogie has great strategic and economic significance for guaranteeing the railway freight capacity of China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heavy-load quick railway wagon bogie with a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device, which aims to ensure that a vehicle has good running stability, curve trafficability and snakelike resistance when running in a straight line and a curve, effectively reduce wheel rail abrasion and reduce operation and maintenance cost.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a heavy-load express railway wagon bogie with a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device comprises a positive stiffness unit and a negative stiffness unit;
the positive stiffness unit comprises two secondary linear suspension springs (traditional linear suspension springs) for providing vertical, longitudinal and transverse stiffness for the wheel rail;
the negative stiffness unit is positioned between the two secondary linear suspension springs;
the negative stiffness unit can freely slide in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the wheel rail and only provides the vertical negative stiffness characteristic, and the negative stiffness unit is connected with the vehicle body by adopting a spherical hinge and is used for ensuring that the vehicle body has 6 degrees of freedom of extension, transverse movement, sinking and floating, side rolling, nodding and shaking;
the negative stiffness unit comprises a vertical guide rod, a rolling shaft rod, a bearing, an end supporting block, a horizontal spring, a top layer slide block slide rail, a middle layer slide block slide rail, a bottom plate, a middle layer plate, a linear bearing and a top layer outer frame;
the top of each linear suspension spring is connected with the vehicle body, and the bottom of each linear suspension spring is used for being connected with the bogie frame;
the top of the negative rigidity unit is connected with the upper end of the truck body through a vertical guide rod by a spherical hinge, and the bottom of the negative rigidity unit is fixedly connected to the bogie frame through a bottom plate;
the vertical guide rod, the rolling shaft rod and the bearing are positioned between the two end supporting blocks,
the top layer outer frame is arranged on the bottom plate through the middle layer plate, the two end supporting blocks are arranged on the bottom plate of the top layer outer frame, and the linear bearing is arranged on the bottom plate of the top layer outer frame;
two sides of the vertical guide rod are provided with semi-circular arcs with the radius of R, and each rolling shaft rod (with the radius of R) and the corresponding semi-circular arc keep pure rolling; each rolling shaft rod is tightly matched with a corresponding bearing, and the vertical guide rod positioned in the middle moves along the vertical direction under the action of the rolling shaft rods on the two sides and the constraint action of the linear bearings; one end of each horizontal spring is fixedly connected with the end supporting block, and the other end of each horizontal spring is fixedly connected with the top layer outer frame; the bottom of the end supporting block ensures that the horizontal spring can freely slide along the horizontal direction through a top-layer slide block slide rail; the upper end of the middle layer plate is provided with a middle layer slide block slide rail, the lower end of the bottom plate is provided with a bottom layer slide block slide rail, and the negative rigidity unit mechanism can freely slide in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction under the action of the middle layer slide block slide rail and the bottom layer slide block slide rail.
Further, the top layer slide rail comprises a top layer slide block and a top layer slide rail, the middle layer slide rail comprises a middle layer slide block and a middle layer slide rail, and the bottom layer slide rail comprises a bottom layer slide block and a bottom layer slide rail;
the bottom of the end supporting block is fixedly connected with the top layer sliding block to ensure that the horizontal spring can freely slide along the top layer sliding rail which is arranged on the bottom plate of the top layer outer frame;
the middle layer slide rail is arranged on the upper end surface of the middle layer plate, and the middle layer slide block is arranged in the middle layer slide rail and is arranged at the lower part of the top layer outer frame;
the bottom layer slide rail is arranged on the lower end face of the middle layer plate, and the bottom layer slide block positioned in the bottom layer slide rail is arranged in the groove of the bottom plate.
Further, the negative stiffness unit is in mirror symmetry with the axis of the vertical guide rod as the center.
Furthermore, the top layer outer frame is composed of two triangular bodies and a bottom plate connecting the two triangular bodies.
The rigidity calculation method of the heavy-load quick railway wagon bogie with the mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device,
when the circle center of the rolling shaft rod and the circle center of the arc of the vertical guide rod are arranged on the same horizontal plane, the compression amount of the horizontal compression spring is △ l, and the rigidity of the traditional secondary suspension spring is K2The horizontal compression spring has a rigidity of K1(ii) a The mass of the vehicle body is M,
at initial state, the conventional linear suspension spring is pressed to a certain distance delta0The circle center of the arc of the vertical guide rod and the circle center of the rolling shaft rod are positioned on the same horizontal plane, so that the restoring force of the traditional linear suspension spring is ensured to completely offset the gravity of the vehicle body, namely 8K2δ0＝Mg；
Two bogies are arranged at the lower end of each carriage, and each bogie is symmetrically provided with a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension system;
when the vehicle body moves upward to a certain distance Z, the restoring force applied to the vehicle body can be expressed as:
the secondary suspension stiffness is:
order to
The dynamic stiffness of the system can be effectively reduced by setting the internal parameters b and c of the system, so that the vibration isolation of low frequency, ultralow frequency or low to 0 frequency is realized.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a heavy-load quick wagon bogie adopting mechanical suspension type secondary suspension. The positive stiffness unit is a traditional secondary suspension spring and provides vertical, longitudinal and transverse stiffness; the negative stiffness unit is composed of a horizontal spring, a vertical guide rod, a rolling shaft rod, a bearing, a sliding block sliding rail, a linear bearing and the like, the unit mechanism can freely slide in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction and only provides vertical negative stiffness characteristics, and the negative stiffness unit mechanism is connected with the vehicle body through a spherical hinge to ensure that the vehicle body has 6 degrees of freedom of stretching, transverse moving, sinking and floating, side rolling, nodding and shaking. The negative stiffness unit and the positive stiffness unit are combined in parallel, and the heavy-duty express railway wagon bogie with the mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device can be constructed through parameter optimization configuration.
The bottom of the negative stiffness unit mechanism is connected with a bogie frame, and the top of the negative stiffness unit mechanism is connected with a vehicle body through a vertical guide rod by adopting a spherical hinge.
The horizontal spring is not limited to a mechanical spring standard component, and can also be a spring non-standard component or other components capable of generating equivalent linear elastic force, such as a gas spring, an electromagnet and the like.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the bogie provided by the invention ensures that the vehicle has good running stability, curve trafficability and snake resistance when running in a straight line and a curve, effectively reduces the abrasion of the wheel rail, and reduces the operation and maintenance cost. The mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device consists of a positive stiffness unit and a negative stiffness unit. The positive stiffness unit is a traditional secondary suspension spring and provides vertical, longitudinal and transverse stiffness; the negative stiffness unit is composed of a horizontal spring, a vertical guide rod, a rolling shaft rod, a bearing, a sliding block sliding rail, a linear bearing and the like, the unit mechanism can freely slide in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction and only provides vertical negative stiffness characteristics, and the negative stiffness unit mechanism is connected with the vehicle body through a spherical hinge to ensure that the vehicle body has 6 degrees of freedom of stretching, transverse moving, sinking and floating, side rolling, nodding and shaking. The negative stiffness unit and the positive stiffness unit are combined in parallel, and the heavy-duty express railway wagon bogie with the mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device can be constructed through parameter optimization configuration. Compared with the prior art, the mechanical suspension type bogie has good operation stability, curve trafficability and snakelike resistance when running in a straight line and a curve, effectively reduces abrasion of a wheel rail, and reduces operation and maintenance cost. The invention relates to a heavy-load quick railway wagon bogie with a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension device for an existing line, which is called a mechanical suspension type bogie for short.
Compared with the traditional bogie, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the mechanical suspension type bogie has better vibration isolation performance;
(2) the mechanical suspension type bogie can greatly improve the vertical stability of the linear running of the vehicle and improve the transverse stability of the running of the vehicle;
(3) the curve trafficability of the mechanical suspension type bogie (including derailment coefficient, wheel load shedding rate, wheel track transverse force and wheel axle transverse force) is obviously improved;
(4) the mechanical suspension type bogie has excellent dynamic characteristics, and the abrasion of wheel rails is obviously reduced;
(5) the mechanical suspension type bogie has good snake-shaped resistance, and the running critical speed of the vehicle is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension system provided in
Fig. 2 is a mechanical suspension type bogie according to
Fig. 3 is a graph of vertical restoring force-displacement (f-z) of a secondary suspension system of a mechanical suspension type bogie according to
Fig. 4 is a stiffness-displacement (k-z) curve diagram of a secondary suspension system of a mechanical suspension type bogie provided in
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the transmission rates of a conventional linear suspension system and a mechanical suspension type secondary suspension system with the same damping.
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the stability simulation results of a group of locomotive bogies before and after the mechanical suspension type secondary suspension system is used for vehicle running.
Fig. 7 is a comparison graph of the results of a set of simulations of the curve passing ability (R500 m) of a vehicle before and after a certain locomotive bogie using the two-train mechanical suspension system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 7. The preferred embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation process, a specific operation process, and a corresponding simulation result are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and is not to be construed as being limited to the present invention. All other embodiments that can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the inventive concept fall within the scope of the invention.
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