阅读说明：本技术 一种用于海钓的可实现快速降解的仿生鱼饵 (A bionical bait that can realize quick degradation for sea is angled ) 是由 刘友文 于 2019-11-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于海钓的可实现快速降解的仿生鱼饵,具体方法如下：1)制备聚乙烯醇薄膜；2)利用聚乙烯醇和聚苯胺制备导电复合物粉末；3)将二氧化锰粉末和镁合金粉末经压制、热处理得到镁合金/二氧化锰粉末；4)将镁合金/二氧化锰粉末与导电复合物粉末压制切粒后获得颗粒物,将预准备的原料混炼后浇注到模具腔内,加入颗粒物后预热振荡,经热压冷压即可获得仿生鱼饵半成品；5)将半成品仿生鱼饵浸渍在制备的成膜液中,干燥后即可获得所需的成品仿生鱼饵。该仿生鱼饵在海水中可以实现快速降解,可以有效减轻因海钓遗弃的鱼饵对海洋造成的污染负担。(The invention discloses a bionic bait capable of realizing rapid degradation for sea fishing, which comprises the following specific steps: 1) preparing a polyvinyl alcohol film; 2) preparing conductive composite powder by using polyvinyl alcohol and polyaniline; 3) pressing and heat treating manganese dioxide powder and magnesium alloy powder to obtain magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder; 4) pressing and granulating magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder and conductive compound powder to obtain particles, mixing the prepared raw materials, pouring the mixture into a die cavity, adding the particles, preheating and oscillating, and performing hot pressing and cold pressing to obtain a semi-finished bionic bait; 5) and (3) dipping the semi-finished bionic bait into the prepared film forming solution, and drying to obtain the required finished bionic bait. The bionic bait can be rapidly degraded in seawater, and the pollution burden of abandoned bait for sea fishing to the sea can be effectively reduced.)

1. A bionic bait capable of realizing rapid degradation for sea fishing is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation methods:

1) adding polyvinyl alcohol into distilled water at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, stirring and dissolving to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, then uniformly coating the polyvinyl alcohol solution on a clean stainless steel plate, leveling, and drying in the air to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol film;

2) taking a stainless steel plate coated with a polyvinyl alcohol film as an anode, selecting a stainless steel plate as a cathode, putting the stainless steel plate into a sulfuric acid-aniline solution, carrying out constant-current electrooxidation reaction in a constant-temperature water bath tank, taking out the anode after the reaction is finished, immersing the anode into clear water to remove electrolyte attached to the surface of the film, drying and crushing to obtain conductive composite powder;

3) putting manganese dioxide powder and magnesium alloy powder into a mixer, mixing for 1-2h at the speed of 150-200r/min, then pressing the uniformly mixed powder into a blank at the pressing speed of 1-2m/s and the pressing force of 30-60MPa, carrying out heat treatment on the pressed blank at the temperature of 400-500 ℃ for 2-3h, then carrying out heat preservation for 1-2h in the atmosphere of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, crushing and grinding to obtain magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder;

4) uniformly mixing magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder and conductive compound powder in a mixer, then pressing the mixture into a blank at a pressing speed of 3-4m/s and a pressing force of 80-120MPa, pelletizing the blank by a pelletizer to obtain particles for later use, adding polylactic acid, a thermoplastic elastomer, starch, a plasticizer and a filler into an internal mixer for mixing, pouring the obtained liquid product into a die cavity, quickly adding the prepared particles into the die cavity, carrying out preheating oscillation treatment at the temperature of 120-130 ℃ and the temperature of 50-80r/min for 3-5min after die assembly, then putting the mixture into a cold press for cold pressing after hot pressing by a hot press to obtain a semi-finished product of the bionic bait;

5) dispersing starch in water, gelatinizing, adding the gelatinized starch into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, stirring for 10-15min in a water bath at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ at 400r/min, adding a proper amount of glycerol and glycerin monostearate into the mixed solution, continuously stirring for 30-50min to obtain a mixed solution, adding a proper amount of nano montmorillonite suspension into the mixed solution, continuously stirring for 1-2h to form a film forming solution, dipping the semi-finished bionic bait into the film forming solution, lifting and forming a film, and drying the film-formed bionic bait for 15-20h at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain the required finished bionic bait.

2. The rapidly degradable biomimetic bait for sea fishing according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 1), the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 5-8%; the thickness of the polyvinyl alcohol film on the surface of the stainless steel is 3-6 mm.

3. The rapidly degradable biomimetic bait for sea fishing according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 2), the area ratio of the anode stainless steel plate to the cathode stainless steel plate is 1: 8-13; in the sulfuric acid-aniline solution, the concentration of sulfuric acid is 1-1.5mol/L, and the concentration of aniline is 0.4-0.7 mol/L; the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath is 38-43 ℃; the current density of the constant-current electrooxidation reaction is 10-14mA/cm²The reaction time is 20-30 min; the particle size of the conductive composite powder is 20-30 um.

4. The rapidly degradable biomimetic bait for sea fishing according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 3), the mass ratio of the manganese dioxide powder to the magnesium alloy powder is 1: 15-20; in the magnesium alloy, the mercury content is 2.5-3.5%, the gallium content is 0.5-1%, the aluminum content is 5-10%, and the balance is magnesium; the particle sizes of the manganese dioxide powder and the magnesium alloy powder are both 10-20 um; the particle size of the magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder is 30-70 um.

5. The rapidly degradable biomimetic bait for sea fishing according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 4), the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder to the conductive composite powder is 7: 2-3; the particles are cylindrical with the length of 3-6mm and the diameter of 1-1.5 mm; the weight ratio of the polylactic acid to the thermoplastic elastomer to the starch to the plasticizer to the filler is 30-40:20-30:40-50:1-3: 1-2; the thermoplastic elastomer is one of TPU, TPE and TPR, and the plasticizer is one of phthalate plasticizer, filler diatomite, kaolin and quartz powder; the temperature of the internal mixer is 170-180 ℃, and the mixing time is 15-20 min; the addition amount of the particles is 3-7% of the total weight of the liquid product in the die cavity; the hot pressing temperature is 140-; the pressure of the cold press is 6-10MPa, and the cold pressing time is 3-5 min.

6. The rapidly degradable biomimetic bait for sea fishing according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 5), the blend solution contains 2-5% of starch, 8-13% of polyvinyl alcohol, 18-23% of glycerol, 1-1.5% of glyceryl monostearate, and the balance of water; the concentration of the nano montmorillonite suspension is 1-2%, and the volume ratio of the nano montmorillonite suspension to the blending liquid is 1: 1.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of bait, and particularly relates to bionic bait capable of being rapidly degraded and used for sea fishing.

Background

Sea fishing, namely fishing tackle and bait are adopted to lure fishing according to the sea environment form of living of various fishes in the sea, and the living habit, the habitat condition, the season and climate factors, the foraging habit and the like of the fishes. Sea fishing has been in the history of hundreds of years in developed countries in Europe and America and is favored, and the sea fishing industry formed by sea fishing is the leisure fishery in the world, namely the industry integrating fishery, leisure swimming fishing and tour sightseeing. In the united states, the hotel, restaurant, fishing, and entertainment services pulled by sea fishing are enjoying tremendous, and in china, the sea fishing industry has just started, with enormous market potential. The difference between the natural environment of the ocean and the natural environment of the fresh water is large, the used sea fishing tools are different, and a plurality of fishhooks are prepared to meet the requirements of different fish species.

With the increasing importance of environmental protection in various countries in the world, the traditional plastic non-degradable bionic bait is gradually eliminated by the market, and the research and development of novel degradable bionic bait materials are in the forefront. For example, chinese patent CN2014108617906 discloses a novel environment-friendly degradable modified polyurethane elastomer for high-simulation bait, which is obtained by modifying polyurethane to obtain a degradable modified polyurethane elastomer, thereby realizing the degradability of the bionic bait; for example, chinese patent CN2014107030489 discloses a degradable bionic bait, which is prepared by using starch provided by renewable plant resources as a raw material, obtaining glucose through saccharification, fermenting the glucose and a certain strain to prepare high-purity lactic acid, and synthesizing polylactic acid with a certain molecular weight through a chemical synthesis method. The technical scheme disclosed by the patent can realize the degradation of the bionic bait, and belongs to environment-friendly materials, but the degradable materials can only be passively degraded from outside to inside under the action of microorganisms, and the degradation speed is slow.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the existing problems and provides a bionic bait capable of realizing rapid degradation for sea fishing, which utilizes seawater as electrolyte, dissolved oxygen in the seawater as cathode, magnesium alloy powder is added into the raw materials as anode material, so that a plurality of micro batteries are formed in the bionic bait, the magnesium alloy powder in the anode material is continuously corroded by generated galvanic couple current, a plurality of corrosion holes are formed in the bionic bait, the degradation of microorganisms from inside to outside is facilitated, an electric field is formed around the micro batteries formed in the bionic bait, the propagation speed and the growth vigor of the microorganisms are promoted, and the degradation of the bionic bait is further accelerated.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a bionic bait capable of realizing rapid degradation for sea fishing is specifically prepared by the following steps:

1) adding polyvinyl alcohol into distilled water at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, stirring and dissolving to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 5-8%, then uniformly coating the polyvinyl alcohol solution on a clean stainless steel plate, leveling, and drying in the air to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol film with the thickness of 3-6 mm;

2) according to the area ratio of the anode stainless steel plate to the cathode stainless steel plate of 1:8-13, the stainless steel plate coated with the polyvinyl alcohol film is used as the anode, the stainless steel plate is used as the cathode, the stainless steel plate is put into sulfuric acid-aniline solution with the sulfuric acid concentration of 1-1.5mol/L and the aniline concentration of 0.4-0.7mol/L, and the current density is 10-14mA/cm in a constant temperature water bath box at the temperature of 38-43 DEG C²Performing constant-current electrooxidation reaction for 20-30min, taking out the anode after the reaction is finished, immersing the anode into clear water to remove electrolyte attached to the surface of the film, drying and crushing to obtain conductive composite powder with the particle size of 20-30 um; the invention adopts an electrochemical method, adopts polyvinyl alcohol and polyaniline to prepare the nano-composite material with uniform and fine particles, larger specific surface area andthe composite powder has certain crystallinity, and a three-dimensional network structure is formed between the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyaniline, so that the transmission of electrons is facilitated, and the electric conductivity of the composite film is improved;

3) putting manganese dioxide powder and magnesium alloy powder with the grain size of 10-20um into a mixer according to the mass ratio of 1:15-20, mixing the used magnesium alloy with 2.5-3.5% of mercury, 0.5-1% of gallium, 5-10% of aluminum and the balance of magnesium at 200r/min for 1-2h, then pressing the uniformly mixed powder into a blank at the pressing speed of 2-3m/s and the pressing force of 30-60MPa, carrying out heat treatment on the pressed blank at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 2-3h, then carrying out heat preservation for 1-2h under the nitrogen atmosphere, cooling to the room temperature along with a furnace, and crushing and grinding to obtain magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder with the grain size of 30-70 um; according to the invention, manganese dioxide powder and magnesium alloy powder are mixed and pressed and then subjected to heat treatment, and manganese dioxide is irregular in shape and has a plurality of fine particles, so that a structure with loose combination among the particles and a large number of pores can be formed by simple mixing and pressing, so that the obtained magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder has a large specific surface area, is beneficial to seawater infiltration, and can promote electrode reaction, thereby accelerating corrosion of magnesium alloy in the magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder, forming a plurality of corrosion holes in the bionic bait, and being beneficial to degradation of the bionic bait from inside to outside under the action of microorganisms, and accelerating the degradation speed of the bionic bait; through heat treatment, particles in the magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder can be refined, the magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder is in contact with seawater, and the reaction area is increased, so that the electrode reaction is promoted to be complete as much as possible, and the formation of corrosion holes in the bionic bait is promoted;

4) uniformly mixing magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder and conductive compound powder in a mixer according to the mass ratio of 7:2-3, pressing the mixture into a blank at the pressing speed of 3-4m/s and the pressing force of 80-120MPa, and cutting the blank into particles by a granulator to obtain cylindrical particles with the length of 3-6mm and the diameter of 1-1.5mm for later use; the magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder and the conductive compound powder are pressed and cut into cylindrical particles, the conductive compound is used as an active substance, the conductive compound and the magnesium alloy/manganese dioxide powder are pressed and compounded to facilitate electrode conduction, increase the reaction speed and accelerate the electrode reaction, the particles are used as an anode material, seawater is used as an electrolyte, dissolved oxygen in water acts on a cathode, and a formed micro-battery enables an electric field to be formed around the bait, so that the micro-battery has a promoting effect on the propagation speed and the growth potential of microorganisms, and the degradation of the bionic bait is further accelerated; then adding polylactic acid, thermoplastic elastomer, starch, plasticizer and filler into an internal mixer according to the weight ratio of 30-40:20-30:40-50:1-3:1-2, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is one of TPU, TPE and TPR, the plasticizer is one of phthalate plasticizer, filler diatomite, kaolin and quartz powder, mixing at 170-, then hot-pressing at 140-;

5) dispersing starch in water, gelatinizing, adding into polyvinyl alcohol solution, stirring at 80-90 deg.C in water bath at 400r/min for 10-15min, adding appropriate amount of glycerol and glyceryl monostearate, stirring for 30-50min to obtain a mixture containing starch 2-5%, polyvinyl alcohol 8-13%, glycerol 18-23%, and glyceryl monostearate 1-1.5%, adding 1-2% nano montmorillonite suspension at volume ratio of 0.5-1:1, stirring for 1-2 hr to obtain a film-forming solution, soaking semi-finished bionic bait in the film-forming solution, drawing to obtain a film, drying at 40-50 deg.C for 15-20 hr, the required finished bionic bait can be obtained; the film forming solution is prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol, starch and nano-montmorillonite as raw materials, and the added nano-montmorillonite can improve the stability and water resistance of a film formed on the surface of the bionic bait, enhance the protection effect of the film and avoid the phenomena of corrosion and damage of the bionic bait caused by electrode reaction in the normal fishing use process.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the invention provides a bionic bait capable of being rapidly degraded, which is characterized in that cylindrical particles serving as an anode material are added into conventional degradable bionic bait, seawater serves as electrolyte, dissolved oxygen in seawater serves as a cathode, when a film on the surface of the bionic bait is damaged under the action of microorganisms, fish bites and other external factors, the cylindrical particles in the bionic bait are exposed, so that a plurality of micro batteries are formed in the bionic bait, magnesium alloy powder in the anode material is continuously corroded by generated galvanic current, a plurality of corrosion holes are formed in the bionic bait, the external part and the internal part of the bionic bait can be simultaneously degraded under the action of the microorganisms, an electric field can be formed around the micro batteries formed in the bionic bait, the promotion effect is provided for the propagation speed and the growth potential of the microorganisms, and the degradation of the bionic bait is further accelerated, realize the rapid degradation of the bionic bait.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.